盘羊及其杂交一代羊绒纤维细度的测定与形态学的显微观察

通过对盘羊、盘羊与巴什拜羊杂交一代羊及其回交羊、巴什拜羊、山羊的羊绒和新疆军垦型美利奴细毛羊毛纤维细度的测定和形态学的显微观察,结果显示:盘羊绒毛的纤维平均细度12.500μm<山羊绒细度15.595μm<盘羊杂交一代羊绒毛细度15.825μm<新回交羊绒毛细度19.385μm<新疆军垦型美利奴细毛羊羊毛细度19.800μm<巴什拜羊绒毛细度23.319μm;盘羊及其杂交一代羊绒毛的鳞片排列结构和形状与山羊绒毛十分相似,与细毛羊的毛纤维有明显的区别,其中盘羊绒毛、盘羊杂交一代羊绒毛的纤维平均细度的标准差和变异系数明显小于山羊绒。     

阿勒泰羊绒毛品质性状分析

论文分析了阿勒泰羊毛绒品质性状之间的相关关系,为有效指导提高阿勒泰羊的生产性能提供科学依据。对313只个体的毛样进行绒毛纤维直径、直径标准差、直径变异系数、洗净率、含绒率、绒毛白度、光泽度、黄度、舒适度等测定;采用SAS9.1软件分析年龄、羊场及其互作效应对阿勒泰羊绒毛性状的影响,进而明确各性状间的相关关系。结果表明:年龄因素对阿勒泰羊绒毛平均纤维直径性状影响极显著(P0.01),对纤维直径变异系数、舒适度影响显著(P0.05);羊场对绒毛直径变异系数、白度、光泽度的影响显著(P0.05)。绒毛纤维直径与直径标准差呈极显著正相关(P0.01),与洗净率、黄度呈显著正相关(P0.05),与舒适度呈极显著负相关(P0.01)相关系数达到-0.906,与含绒率呈显著负相关(P0.05),与直径变异系数、白度、光泽度之间没有显著相关(P0.05);直径标准差与直径变异系数呈极显著正相关(P0.01),与舒适度呈极显著负相关(P0.01),与黄度呈显著负相关(P0.05);直径变异系数与洗净率、黄度、舒适度呈极显著负相关(P0.01);洗净率与含绒率呈极显著负相关(P0.01);绒毛白度与光泽度大小呈极显著正相关(P0.01)相关系数达到0.995,与黄度呈极显著负相关(P0.01);绒毛光泽度与黄度呈极显著负相关(P0.01)。本研究的结果为阿勒泰羊毛绒品质评定以及优良种畜选育工作提供可靠依据。     

影响科尔沁细毛羊主要数量性状的非遗传因素分析

为了研究非遗传因素对科尔沁细毛羊主要数量性状的影响,试验采用最大似然法(MTDFREML)调查分析了影响科尔沁细毛羊的场别、母羊年龄、性别、出生年份等因素。结果表明:性别、出生年份对所有性状有极显著影响(P0.01);母羊年龄对初生重、断奶重有极显著影响(P0.01),对断奶毛长度、断奶毛细度的影响显著(P0.05);群别对断奶毛长度、断奶毛细度、成年毛细度的影响不显著(P0.05),对其余性状有极显著影响(P0.01);出生年份、鉴定年份与其他因素的二级互作效应均对产毛性状有极显著影响(P0.01),母羊年龄与群别、性别的互作效应分别对断奶毛长度、断奶毛细度影响不显著(P0.05);年龄与群别的互作效应对成年毛细度的影响不显著(P0.05)。     

辽宁绒山羊年龄与绒毛生产性能的关系

为研究辽宁绒山羊年龄与绒毛生产性能的关系,对1～8岁辽宁绒山羊产绒性能与绒毛品质性状进行了研究.结果表明:①周岁羊绒细度最细(14.31 μm),随年龄增加羊绒细度变粗,6岁时达到最粗(18.02 μm),而后缓慢下降.②周岁羊绒产量最低(508.21g),5岁羊绒产量最高(790.30 g),5～8岁羊绒产量差异不显著.③1～8岁内在3岁和5岁时出现了两个绒长高峰,分别为7.62 cm和7.61 cm,3～6岁阶段羊绒长度变化差异不显著.④一般认为,细度和长度与绒纤维品质最为密切,1～2岁绒纤维直径虽小,但因其长度和产绒量均很低,不是产绒性能和绒毛品质的最佳阶段.2～4岁时绒细度适中、绒长较长、绒纤维品质较高,然而其产绒量很低同样降低了经济效益.6～8岁绒产量较高且绒长下降平缓,但其绒纤维直径较粗且降低幅度小,因而不可作为产绒性能和绒毛品质的最佳阶段.由上述可知,4～5岁年龄段的羊产绒性能和绒毛品质处于最佳阶段,可适当增加4～5岁羊在群体中的比例.     

陕北白绒山羊年龄与绒毛生产性能的关系

为研究年龄对绒山羊产绒性能的影响,本试验对1～5岁的150只陕北白绒山羊的产绒量、绒长度及绒细度进行统计分析。结果表明：年龄与产绒量及绒毛品质密切相关;周岁羊绒细度最细（14．66±0．99μm）,随年龄的增加羊绒细度变粗,5岁时达到最粗（17．09±0．46μm）;绒长在3岁时较长（7．1±0．51cm）,之后小幅下降至4岁（6．06±1．27cm）后又有增加的趋势,5岁时达到8．75±1．32cm;周岁羊的产绒量最低（572．35±158．06g）,5岁羊绒产量最高（887．5±131．5g）;2～3岁羊的绒纤维直径较细、绒长度居中、产绒量较高。因此,陕北白绒山羊2～3岁时生产性能和绒毛品质处于最佳阶段,可适当增加2～3岁母羊在群体中所占的比例。     

象雄半细毛羊毛品质分析

为了解象雄半细毛羊羊毛的品质特性,分别对不同年龄象雄半细毛羊的羊毛细度、毛丛长度、净毛率、色度等进行了检测。结果显示:象雄半细毛羊羊毛平均细度25.27μm,其中1岁羊羊毛细度在22μm左右,极显著(P0.01)低于其他各年龄羊羊毛细度;2岁羊和5岁羊羊毛细度在25μm左右;3岁羊和4岁羊羊毛细度在26μm左右。毛丛长度平均69.55 mm,1岁羊羊毛平均长度在62 mm左右;5岁羊毛丛长度在68 mm左右;而2岁、3岁、4岁羊毛丛长度均在71~73 mm间。平均净毛率58.58%,不同年龄段净毛率均分布在56%~60%间,且随着年龄的增长,净毛率有逐渐降低的趋势。各年龄段象雄半细毛羊羊毛白度(Wht)、光泽度(L)、黄度(YI)平均值都在66左右,没有随年龄增长出现显著差异。     

青海加什科羊毛纤维物理性能分析研究

对青海加什科羊羊毛纤维的物理性能进行了分析,并与青海半细毛羊、青海细毛羊毛纤维的物理性能进行了比较。结果表明:青海加什科羊羊毛呈毛丛结构,整齐度高,毛纤维各项物理性能较好,长度较长,伸直长度成年羊平均14.0~16.0 cm,长于青海毛肉兼用半细毛羊,也长于青海细毛羊,侧部长度与股部长度差异显著(P0.05),性别间各部位差异极显著(P0.01);青海加什科羊羊毛细度品质支数50~58支,侧部细度与股部细度差异不显著(P0.05),性别间各部位也差异不显著(P0.05);青海加什科羊羊毛断裂强力、断裂伸长率均介于青海半细毛和青海细毛羊之间,断裂强力侧部与股部间差异不显著(P0.05),断裂伸长率侧部与股部间差异也不显著(P0.05);青海加什科羊羊毛净毛率较高,均超过青海半细毛羊及青海细毛羊。     

改良型黑水貂和纯繁短毛黑水貂毛绒品质比较

为了研究改良型短毛黑水貂和纯繁短毛黑水貂的毛绒品质的差异,试验选取健康、体型相近的纯繁短毛黑水貂公母貂各20只,5代改良型短毛黑水貂(美国短毛黑水貂与原苏联标准貂杂交5代)公母貂20只,分别采集水貂背中部、臀部、腹中部的1 cm2的毛样,利用刻度尺和数显外径千分尺测量针毛、绒毛长度和细度,测量母貂的被毛密度,统计相关数据并得到针绒毛长度比。结果表明:改良型短毛黑水貂母貂的被毛密度稍小于纯繁水貂,差异不显著(P0.05);改良型公母貂的针毛长度稍长于纯繁水貂,差异不显著(P0.05);针毛细度极显著大于纯繁水貂(P0.01);绒毛长度极显著小于纯繁水貂(P0.01);绒毛细度稍小于纯繁水貂,差异不显著(P0.05);针绒毛长度比稍小于纯繁水貂,差异不显著(P0.05)。以上数据均在最适范围内,说明改良5代的短毛黑水貂被毛密度、针毛长度、绒毛细度和针绒毛长度比指标接近于纯繁水貂,但绒毛长度、针毛细度指标还需探讨改良,需加强对优良亲代的选育以及饲料营养配方的完善。     

牦牛剪毛量及部分绒毛特性研究

试验测定了成年及2岁大通牦牛和无角牦牛的剪毛量及部分绒毛特性。结果表明:大通牦牛和无角牦牛成年公牛分别可剪毛1.82 kg±0.13 kg和2.10 kg±0.43 kg,均极显著高于本品种母牦牛(P0.01);成年无角牦牛公牛体侧毛长极显著长于其母牦牛及大通牦牛(P0.01),但大通牦牛成年公牛裙毛长极显著长于其母牛及无角牦牛(P0.01),背部毛长在两类群中均无显著性差异(P0.05);成年大通牦牛母牛的绒毛细度显著低于大通牦牛公牛及无角牦牛(P0.05),粗毛及裙毛细度在两类群公母牛之间均无显著性差异(P0.05)。两类群2岁牦牛公母牛剪毛量、体侧毛长及裙毛长均无显著性差异(P0.05),粗毛、绒、裙毛的细度在群体及性别间也均无显著性差异(P0.05)。绒毛伸长率及断裂强力在不同牦牛类群、年龄及性别之间均无显著性差异(P0.05)。     

不同品种水貂毛皮品质比较

为了研究不同品种水貂的毛皮品质性状,试验以美国短毛漆黑水貂、山东黑褐色标准水貂、丹麦咖啡色水貂为研究对象,对3个品种水貂体长、体重、尾长、针毛及绒毛长度、针毛细度、毛密度进行比较研究。结果表明:美国短毛漆黑水貂体长、体重指标与丹麦咖啡色水貂和山东黑褐色标准水貂相比差异显著(P0.05),但丹麦咖啡色水貂与山东黑褐色标准水貂之间差异不显著(P0.05)。山东黑褐色标准水貂尾长显著小于美国短毛漆黑水貂、丹麦咖啡色水貂(P0.05),但丹麦咖啡色水貂与美国短毛漆黑水貂之间差异不显著(P0.05)。美国短毛漆黑水貂针毛长度显著小于丹麦咖啡色水貂和山东黑褐色标准水貂(P0.05);美国短毛漆黑水貂绒毛长度最短;公貂中美国短毛漆黑水貂针毛细度最小,母貂中丹麦咖啡色水貂针毛细度最小。表明山东黑褐色标准水貂毛绒品质最差,针毛粗长、毛密度差。     

新疆阿勒泰地区阿勒泰羊毛绒品质分析

 对新疆阿勒泰地区富蕴县、福海县阿勒泰羊毛绒品质进行了分析,结果表明阿勒泰羊毛绒含绒率高,并且在细度、长度、色度等方面均比较优良,应加以合理的开发利用,并对今后阿勒泰羊育种提出了建议。     

晋中绵羊毛绒资源品质分析

本试验对111只山西省地方绵羊品种晋中绵羊的毛绒样品开展了细度、长度、强力、色度、光泽度、净毛率、油脂率、毛绒纤维类型等参数检测,旨在分析晋中绵羊毛绒品质和利用价值。结果表明,晋中绵羊羊毛平均净毛率为80.30%;通过纤维类型检测结果发现晋中绵羊含有绒纤维,平均绒含量为46.91%;晋中绵羊肩部的绵羊绒细度主体范围在19.01~23.00 μm之间,细度在19.00 μm以下的占18.02%,说明晋中绵羊整体细度较细;长度主体范围在20~60 mm之间,占样本总数的80.19%,长度范围较宽,长度分布较分散,个体差异较大。本试验发现了晋中绵羊能够生产绵羊绒,而且其中一部分纺织加工价值显著高于山羊绒和细羊毛。     

鹅羽绒发生发育的分子调控机理研究进展

简要概述了鹅羽绒毛囊形态发生和生长周期的循环过程,对Wnt/β-catenin信号传导途径、Shh传导途径、部分相关基因功能及其调控羽绒发生发育的分子机理进行了综述,并提出了目前研究中仍存在的问题。     

Transcriptome sequencing of black and white hair follicles in the giant panda

With the completion of the draft assembly of the giant panda genome sequence, RNA sequencing technology has been widely used in genetic research on giant pandas. We used RNA-seq to examine black and white hair follicle samples from adult pandas. By comparison with the giant panda genome, 75 963 SNP loci were labeled, 2426 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and 2029 new genes were discovered, among which 631 were functionally annotated. A cluster analysis of the DEGs showed that they were mainly related to the Wnt signaling pathway, ECM–receptor interaction, the p53 signaling pathway, and ribosome processing. The enrichment results showed that there were significant differences in the regulatory networks of hair follicles with different colors during the transitional stage of hair follicle resting growth, which may play a regulatory role in melanin synthesis during growth. In conclusion, our results provide new insights and more data support for research on the color formation in giant pandas.     

赛加羚羊被毛及毛纤维特征对其环境适应性的研究

通过对赛加羚羊（Ｓａｉｇａｔａｔａｒｉｃａ）的被毛特征、毛纤维类型、结构、长度、密度、细度及强伸度的观察测定,结果为：赛加羚羊毛纤维均为有髓毛,其髓质发达,鳞片小呈蛇鳞状,被毛主要部位毛长仅２．９１ｃｍ,密度为１９２０根／ｃｍ２,毛纤维直径可达１０３．７μｍ而单纤维强伸度在１５ｇ重锤下为０。并指出：以上种种特性使赛加羚羊具有较强的回避天敌和抵御寒冷气候的能力,均与栖息地环境相适应。     

成纤维细胞生长因子FGF11、13、18对小鼠毛囊第一生长周期作用的研究

为了探究成纤维生长因子家族(Fibroblast growth factor families,FGFs)中,FGF11、13、18对毛囊的生长发育的作用,本研究以3/5/8/13/16/18/20/23日龄小鼠背部皮肤为试验样本,利用免疫组织化学技术、实时荧光定量PCR和蛋白免疫印迹技术检测FGF11、FGF13、FGF18基因及蛋白在小鼠背部皮肤的分布和表达情况。定位结果显示:FGF11、FGF13、FGF18在皮肤真皮乳头、毛基质、内根鞘、外根鞘和皮脂腺表达,而FGF13在膨大部、基底层和表皮也表达,FGF18也表达在膨大部和表皮。定量结果均显示:FGF11的表达没有一定的规律;FGF13在13日龄表达量最低,从16日龄开始上升;FGF18从3日龄表达量开始降低,16日龄降到最低,18日龄开始上升。提示:FGF11对小鼠毛囊第一生长周期可能没有明显和特定的调节作用;FGF13可能对毛囊的自我更新有一定的作用,诱导毛囊从静止期向再生长期过渡,促进毛囊生长;而FGF18在毛囊生长周期中从静止期向生长期过度有一定的作用,可促使毛囊从静止期进入再生长期。     

Coat and hair color: hair cortisol and serotonin levels in lactating Holstein cows under heat stress conditions

The deleterious effects of heat stress on animal health are being increasingly recognized. This study aimed to determine hair cortisol (HC) and serotonin levels in lactating Holstein cows under heat stress conditions with different coat and hair‐cut color. Forty‐five multiparous lactating Holstein cows (days in milk = 130 ± 47, body weight = 753 ± 85 kg) were divided to two main groups of over 80% black coat color (BC) and over 85% white coat color (WC) visually observed based on registry certificates and subdividing to black hair sample (BH) and white hair samples (WH) in 2 × 2 factorial arrangements. Hair samples were taken from the forehead of the individuals. Higher HC levels were observed in BC than WC cows (P < 0.05). No differences were found in HC levels between BH and WH groups (P > 0.05). Serotonin levels showed no difference between BC and WC (P > 0.05). Interaction between coat color and hair color was not significant (P > 0.05). The cortisol levels in hair are not affected by pigmentation. However, pigmentation within the coat alters cortisol levels. In conclusion, white coat color retains less cortisol than the black coat. Therefore, white coats are preferable for dairy cows under heat stress conditions.     

The effect of topical minoxidil treatment on hair follicular growth of neonatal hairless descendants of Mexican hairless dogs

The effect of daily topical minoxidil treatment on hair growth was investigated in eight neonatal hairless pups. After 21 days of minoxidil treatment, hair growth occurred in the minoxidil-treated areas of each neonatal hairless pup. The numbers of hairs in the treated areas increased as compared with that in the areas treated with vehicle only. Histological findings revealed that the skin treated with minoxidil contained many hair follicles derived from epidermal ingrowths (hair germs) projecting into the dermis. These hair follicles showed various stages of neofolliculogenesis. After 31 days of treatment, terminal hair growth was observed. In the minoxidil-untreated areas, epidermal ingrowths remained undifferentiated. These results revealed that hairless dogs developed hair growth reactions following minoxidil-treatment when such treatment is applied in the early neonatal period. Neonatal hairless pups are a useful model for evaluating the effectiveness of hair growth stimulators.     

山羊毛囊干细胞分离、培养及鉴定

采用2．4U／mLDispase酶消化和机械切割法分离毛囊隆突部,经胰酶（0．5mg／mL胰酶＋0．2mg／mLEDTA）消化从山羊耳部皮肤分离得到毛囊干细胞,用自制无血清培养基培养,并用形态学观察、细胞生长曲线、克隆形成率及免疫组化染色检测,探讨毛囊干细胞体外分离培养方法及生物学特性。结果表明,所分离细胞具备毛囊干细胞特征：体积较小、表面光滑、立体感强,呈现未分化细胞特征;K19、integrin-β1以及p63免疫组化染色阳性;第3、5、7代干细胞克隆形成率分别为25．6％&#177;2．6％、31．8％&#177;1．9％和27．0％&#177;3．9％,极显著高于对照组角质细胞克隆形成率（P〈0．01）。采用配制的无血清条件培养液可使山羊毛囊干细胞体外维持未分化状态并传代至19代。     

Seasonal Moulting in Adult Male Raccoon Dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides)

Abstract

Seasonal moulting was studied by quantitative histology and external observations in adult male raccoon dogs. Moulting of the underfur hairs is characterized by a heavy loss of old winter hair in spring and an intensive growth of new winter hair in autumn. Only few mature and growing underfur hairs were found in the hair cover in summer. The new intermediate and large guard hairs started to develop in April and May. All the new guard hairs had developed by the end of June. About 7 and 3.5 months were needed for the growth of new winter guard and underfur hairs respectively. At the end of November the winter fur was mature. The bundles with an intermediate guard hair contained more underfur hairs than the bundles with a large guard hair in the mature winter fur. The thickness of dermis and the grade of skin colour peaked in the autumn moult, indicating a close relation to the activity of hair follicles.