Mouse bioassay for in vivo screening of oestrogen and progesterone antagonists

This study tested and compared the anti-proliferative and proliferative activities of two anti-oestrogens and three anti-progestins on four separate mouse model systems: young intact and adult ovariectomized (OV-X) females, and young intact and adult castrated males. Pure steroidal anti-oestrogen ICI 182,780 (ICI) decreased mammary and uterine growth stimulated by endogenous hormones in young intact females and by exogenous hormones [progesterone (Prog), 17beta-oestradiol (E) or E plus Prog] in both young intact and adult ovariectomized (OV-X) females. Non-steroidal anti-oestrogen EM-800 (EM), on the other hand, had no effect on mammary and uterine growth stimulated by endogenous hormones in young intact females and in adult OV-X females. Uterine growth was even stimulated by EM alone, and a combination of EM plus Prog not only stimulated uterine growth but also mammary growth (an oestrogenic agonistic activity). However, EM showed anti-oestrogenic activities in both mammary and uterine tissues in females treated with E or E plus Prog. In males, ICI and EM decreased mammary growth stimulated by exogenous hormones (E or E plus Prog) in both young intact and adult castrated animals. In young intact, but not in adult castrated males, ICI increased seminal vesicle growth affected by both endogenous and exogenous (Prog, E or E plus Prog) hormones. EM, on the other hand, decreased seminal vesicle weights in E or E plus Prog and increased its weights in Prog-treated young intact males. Thus, under certain conditions EM possess mixed agonist and antagonist activity in the mammary gland, uterus and seminal vesicles. Norethindrone acetate (NA)-stimulated mammary growth was decreased by anti-progestins onapristone (ON), RU 46556 (RU), and RU 38486 (MI) by 34-59% in females and by 35-93% in males. Uterine weights of NA-treated females were decreased by ON and RU by 29-55% but not by MI. In NA-treated young intact males, seminal vesicle weights were stimulated by RU (by 63%) and not affected by ON and MI. In NA-treated adult castrated males, seminal vesicle weights were decreased by ON, increased by RU and not affected by MI. The results obtained in these and our earlier studies show clearly that mouse four-model systems could serve as in vivo tool for the detection of steroid hormone agonist and antagonist activities of natural and man-made chemicals.     

Bioassay of steroid hormone agonist and antagonist activities of anti-androgens on mammary gland,seminal vesicles and spleen of male mice

Young intact and adult castrated outbred C3H/Di male mice were used to characterize steroid hormone agonist and antagonist activities of anti-androgens by bioassay. Animals were injected subcutaneously with flutamide (Flut), chlormadinone acetate (CMA), cyproterone acetate (CA) or Casodex (Cas) alone or simultaneously with oestradiol (E), E plus progesterone (Prog) or norethindrone acetate (NA; a steroid exhibiting progestational and oestrogenic activities) and testosterone (T) for 15 days. Mammary gland growth was not affected with anti-androgen alone. However, all anti-androgens decreased seminal vesicle weights in intact males. In E (0.01 microg day(-1))-treated intact males, mammary growth was stimulated by CMA (progestational activity) and inhibited by CA. The inhibitory effect of CA on mammary growth (glucocorticoid activity) was overcome with high dose of E (0.1 microg day(-1)). When seminal vesicles weights were decreased with a moderate dose of E (0.01 microg day(-1)) anti-androgens injected simultaneously acted synergistically with E and decreased seminal vesicles weights more than E alone. However, in animals overloaded with E (0.1 microg day(-1)), anti-androgen CA was unable to decrease seminal vesicles weights. E (0.01 or 0.05 microg day(-1)) or E + Prog (500 or 1000 microg day(-1)) or NA (12.5 to 50 microg day(-1)) stimulated mammary growth was inhibited by T at doses 20-200 microg day(-1) and these effects were decreased or abolished by simultaneous application of Flut, CMA or Cas in both young intact and adult castrated males. In the same animals, the seminal vesicles weights were increased by T and decreased by anti-androgens. The effects of higher doses of T (300 microg day(-1)) were not inhibited by anti-androgens both in the mammary gland and seminal vesicles. Spleen weights were not consistently affected with Flut, CMA or Cas, but decreased with CA by dose dependent manner. These results demonstrated that anti-androgenic activities could be detected not only on seminal vesicle but also on the mammary gland. Our model system also detected a glucocorticoid activity of CA and progestational activity of CMA.     

THE EFFECT OF PREPUBERAL AND POSTPUBERAL GONADECTOMY ON RADIAL PHYSEAL CLOSURE IN MALE AND FEMALE DOMESTIC CATS

Male (n=6/group) and female (n=6/group) kittens were gonadectomized at 7 weeks (prepuberally) or 7 months of age (postpuberally), or left intact. Lateral radiographic projections of the right forelimb were made from 4 months of age until the distal radial physis was closed, or 24 months of age. In males, distal radial physeal closure was delayed in both groups of gonadectomized animals, compared to intact males (p<0.01). In females, proximal radial physeal closure was significantly delayed in prepuberally gonadectomized animals (p=0.02), and distal radial physeal closure was significantly delayed in both groups of gonadectomized animals, compared to intact animals (p<0.01). Final radial length (females p<0.01, males p=0.01), and age and radial length at time of the growth plateau (p<0.01) were significantly increased in all gonadectomized animals. Age at gonadectomy had no effect on age and radial length at time of the growth plateau. No puberal growth spurt was observed in any of the cats.     

THE EFFECT OF PREPUBERAL AND POSTPUBERAL GONADECTOMY ON PENILE EXTRUSION AND URETHRAL DIAMETER IN THE DOMESTIC CAT

Male (n = 6/group) and female (n = 6/group) kittens were gonadectomized at 7 weeks or 7 months of age, or left intact. At 22 months of age, complete penile extrusion was possible in all of the intact males, in 3/5 (60%) males castrated at 7 months of age, and in none of the males castrated at 7 weeks of age. Antegrade (voiding) cystourethrograms were performed at 22 months of age. Diameter of the preprostatic (p = 0.13) and penile (p>0.25) urethra of male cats did not vary by group. Diameter of the pre-pelvic urethra of female cats gonadectomized at 7 weeks of age was significantly smaller than that of intact females (p = 0.02).     

Pathologie changes in endocrine glands and certain other tissues of lambs implanted with the synthetic growth promotant zeranol.

As doses of zeranol implants (0 (control), 12, 24, 48, and 96 mg) were increased, there were increased reaction and activity in target organs (such as urogenital tract and mammary, adrenal, hypophyseal, and thyroid glands) of castrated male sheep (wethers). Hyperplasia and transitional and squamous transformation in the prostate were mild (1+) in the wethers given 12- and 24-mg doses, moderate to marked (2.5+) in the wethers given 48-mg doses, and severe (4+) in the wethers given 96-mg doses. Papillary proliferation and fibrosis increased correspondingly in the seminal vesicle. Changes in the distal penile urethra increased from papillary hyperplasia in the wethers given a 24-mg dose to 100% squamous transformation in the wethers given a 96-mg dose. Mammary gland development was noticeable in the wethers given a 24-mg dose and increased thereafter to progressive alveolar growth and secretory activity in the wethers given 48- and 96-mg doses. Along with a progressive increase of adrenal gland weight and adrenal gland/thyroid gland ratios over the controls, the principals had hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex. Mean adrenal cortex widths for control wethers and wethers given 24-, 48-, and 96-mg doses were 2,089, 2,140 (adjusted value, 2,194), 2,416, and 2,425 mum, respectively. Mean adrenal gland weights for control wethers and wethers given 12-, 24-, 48-, and 96-mg doses were 2.50, 2.61, 2.53, 2.70, and 2.78 g. respectively. Hyperplasia (nodule formation) plus exhaustive and pyknotic changes of the adrenal cortex increased similarly with increasing zeranol dose. After the thyroid gland weights decreased (2.19, 2.04, 2.00, and 1.72 g, respectively, for control wethers and wethers given 12-, 48-, and 96-mg doses), secretory activity of thyroid epithelial cells decreased. In the glandular portion of the hypophysis, secretory activity and proliferation of eosinophilic cells increased with the larger zeranol doses (48 and 96 mg). There was a corresponding decrease in the number of basophils. These changes are consistent with increased somatotropin and adrenocorticotropin secretion and decreased thyrotropin secretion. Muscle and ligament structures appeared looser and widened in the wethers given the 96-mg dose, and fat cell formation was increased in the muscles along ligament muscle junctions.     

Circulating concentrations and pattern of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in circulation are changed by the circulating concentration of 17 beta-estradiol in the bovine male and female.

The objectives of the present study were 1) to determine whether 17 beta-estradiol (E2) regulation of tonic secretion of LH and FSH is sexually differentiated in the bovine and 2) to evaluate the effects of various physiological concentrations of E2 on the profiles and concentrations of gonadotropins in circulation. This was accomplished by administering different numbers of implants containing E2 to gonadectomized bovine males and females. Mean age at initiation of the study was 18.5 mo. Animals received 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 implants of E2 or a sham implantation. Mean concentrations of LH in circulation and amplitude of LH pulses were similar between males and females after administration of E2. There was a cubic response for mean concentrations of LH and amplitudes of LH pulses across the dosages of E2 administered; lower concentrations of E2 had little effect, whereas higher concentrations of E2 suppressed both mean LH and amplitude of LH pulses. A linear decline in frequency of LH pulses occurred as concentrations of E2 in circulation increased. A treatment x sex interaction resulted for mean concentrations of FSH in circulation. Low doses of E2 resulted in a greater enhancement of circulating concentrations of FSH in males than in females. Tonic secretion of LH in bovine males and females responded in a similar manner to administration of various physiological concentrations of E2; however, a differential response between sexes was observed for FSH.     

Fertilizing capacity of the ejaculate of nutria (Myocastor coypus) after the removal of the seminal vesicles as evaluated by the penetration test and natural mating

The fertility of male coypu sperm following seminal vesicle extirpation was investigated using the penetration test into the egg of Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). Ejaculates were obtained from five males by means of electro-ejaculation under halothane narcosis. The results of the zona-free hamster eggs (ZFHE) penetration test showed that the ejaculates of all the surgically treated coypu males were fertile and that ZFHE value fluctuated from 54 to 76.6%. The results obtained in experiments with natural mating revealed that the extirpation of male coypu seminal vesicles did not affect their fertility. In total 47 foetuses were found post mortem in ten coypu females covered by surgically treated males, which on average represented 4.7 foetuses per female.     

氟对雄性小鼠生长发育及性腺中氟含量的影响

本试验旨在研究氟对性成熟期雄性小鼠生长发育及性腺中氟含量的影响。将40只健康昆明雄性小鼠随机分为4组,即低、中、高3个染氟组和对照组,其中染氟组分别饮水摄入氟化钠30、70和150 mg/L,对照组饮用蒸馏水,染氟期间,观察动物的一般状况,每周记录小鼠体重,49 d后,收集血液、股骨、睾丸、附睾和精囊腺,测定其氟含量。与对照组相比,各染氟组体重均无显著差异(P＞0.05),高氟组小鼠体增重显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);各染氟组股骨氟含量均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),睾丸和附睾中氟含量随摄氟剂量的增加呈剂量依赖性,且高氟组显著升高(P＜0.05),血清与精囊腺中氟含量与对照组相比无显著差异(P＞0.05)。结果表明,高氟对性成熟期雄性小鼠生长发育有抑制作用,且突破了血睾屏障和血-附睾屏障进而对生殖系统产生影响。     

Leptin, body fat content and energy expenditure in intact and gonadectomized adult cats: a preliminary study

The present study was conducted to assess the body composition, leptin, and energy expenditure changes following gonadectomy in cats. Twenty-one females (12 intact and nine spayed) and 21 males (11 intact and 10 castrated) were used. Body weight was recorded. Serum plasma leptin was measured by radioimmunoassay and body composition and energy expenditure were assessed after injection of doubly labelled water. These results confirmed the gain in body weight and body fat following neutering and demonstrated a strong linear relationship between body fat and serum level of leptin. Energy expenditure decreased in castrated cats in comparison with intact ones. This study underlined the effect of gonadectomy as a major factor of obesity in cats and showed that the increase in circulating leptin reflected the amount of body fat. The present results provide further evidence that the regimen of gonadectomized cats should be carefully controlled to avoid excessive weight gain.     

Breed, sex, and body weight as risk factors for rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in young dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical features of dogs < 2 years old with rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) and to evaluate breed, sex, and body weight as risk factors. DESIGN: Case-control study. ANIMALS: 201 dogs < 2 years old with rupture of the CCL and 804 age-matched control dogs. PROCEDURE: Medical records were reviewed for breed, sex, and body weight, and results were compared with results of age-matched control dogs. RESULTS: Breed predisposition was detected for Neapolitan Mastiff, Akita, Saint Bernard, Rottweiler, Mastiff, Newfoundland, Chesapeake Bay Retriever, Labrador Retriever, and American Staffordshire Terrier. Increased risk was detected for neutered males and neutered females, compared with sexually intact males and sexually intact females, respectively. Differences in prevalence of rupture of the CCL were not detected between all males and females, sexually intact males and sexually intact females, or neutered males and neutered females. Body weights of dogs with ruptured CCL were significantly greater than those of control dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Several large breeds of dogs are predisposed to rupture of the CCL at a young age.     

Postweaning growth, feed efficiency and chemical composition of sheep as affected by prenatal and postnatal testosterone

Data were collected from intact males, castrated males and ewe lambs to investigate the effect of presence or absence of testosterone prenatally and during the postweaning period on postweaning growth, feed intake and carcass chemical composition. Half the lambs from each sex were the progeny of dams that had received five injections of testosterone cyprionate from d 32 through d 87 of gestation. Linear contrasts were used to detect differences. Postweaning daily gain of intact males was greater (P less than .01) than that of male castrates. Ewe lambs from treated dams had approximately 12% greater rate of growth (P less than .04) than ewe lambs from control dams. Ewe lambs from dams that had been treated were 28% more efficient (P less than .01) in the conversion of food to weight than those from untreated dams. Ewe lambs from treated dams had heavier livers (P less than .07). Carcass protein for intact males was greater (P less than .11) than for castrates, and extractable fat was less (P less than .05). Masculinization of growth characteristics of ewe lambs affected the quantity of carcass fat relative to control ewes (7.59 vs 8.92 kg). These ewe lambs also had more water in the carcass than did the control ewes (13.93 vs 12.29 kg). Administration of exogenous testosterone to pregnant ewes over an interval of time approximating time of sexual differentiation in the fetus enhances postweaning growth rate, feed conversion efficiency and chemical composition of genetic females.     

Effects of gender and genotype on the response of growing pigs to exogenous administration of porcine growth hormone

Sixty crossbred pigs (Large White x Landrace) were used in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial experiment to investigate the effects of gender (intact males vs females) and strain (A vs B) on the response to exogenous porcine growth hormone (pGH) administration (0 [excipient-treated] vs .1 mg pGH.kg live weight-1.d-1). All pigs had ad libitum access to their diet; pGH was administered daily from 60 to 90 kg live weight. All aspects of growth performance and body composition were affected to different degrees by gender and pGH. Strain A pigs had a higher capacity for protein accretion, superior growth performance and contained less fat in the eviscerated carcass and empty body compared with Strain B pigs. Within each strain, intact males ate more feed, had a higher rate of protein deposition and exhibited faster and leaner growth than females. Exogenous pGH administration increased average protein deposition and growth rate by 84 and 34%, respectively, and reduced average feed intake, fat deposition rate, feed:gain and carcass fat content by 14, 59, 37 and 33%, respectively. The magnitude of the changes in growth performance, tissue accretion rates and body composition elicited by pGH were independent of strain. However, within each strain the improvement in feed:gain and reduction in carcass fat measurements elicited by pGH were proportionately larger for females than for intact males.     

Effect of embryonic and neonatal administration of tamoxifen on adiposity in the broiler chicken

1. The effect of early exposure of heavy breed (HB) chicks to an anti‐oestrogen (tamoxifen—TAM) on later adiposity was studied.

2. TAM administration at the embryonic stage, but not at the day of hatching, reduced adiposity in females but not in males, at 8 to 9 weeks of age. This reduction in adiposity in females minimised or even alleviated the excess of fat in females compared to males.     

Effect of genistein on IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1 in young and aged female rat ovary

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of genistein (GEN) on expression of insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) and insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP‐1) in young and aged rat ovary. Forty young female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (200 ± 20 g) and forty aged female SD rats (490 ± 20 g) were selected and according to weight, they were divided into the following five groups with eight animals in each: negative control group (NC), low‐dose group (L), middle‐dose group (M), high‐dose group (H) and positive control group (PC). GEN group received GEN of 15, 30, 60 mg/kg respectively. It lasted 30 days. Concentrations of serum hormones, IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1 were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Gene and protein expressions of IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1 were determined by real‐time PCR and Western blot respectively. Compared with NC, GEN significantly increased oestradiol‐17β(E₂) level in aged rat, reduced luteinizing hormone (LH) level in young and aged rat. Serum levels of IGFBP‐1 in young rats were significantly higher in GEN groups (p < 0.05). mRNA and protein expression levels of IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1 were positively correlated with GEN dose. GEN could significantly reduce the ratio of IGF‐1/IGFBP‐1 of aged rats. Multivariate Cox regression analysis result showed IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1 levels significantly correlated with GEN dose. We speculate that there is an association between the addition of GEN and expression of IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1, and the relationship between them is different in young and aged rat.     

Early embryonic administration of xenoestrogens alters vasotocin system and male sexual behavior of the Japanese quail

The copulatory behavior and the parvocellular vasotocin (VT) system of the nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) are sexually dimorphic in the Japanese quail. Embryonic administration of estradiol benzoate (EB) induces an organizational effect determining the disappearance of such a dimorphism (male shows behavior and cerebral phenotype of the female). The VT parvocellular system can therefore be considered an accurate marker of the sexual differentiation of brain circuits and a very sensitive indicator of the activity of estrogen-like substances on neural circuits. To test this hypothesis we administered diethylstilbestrol (DES), a powerful synthetic xenoestrogen, genistein (GEN), a phytoestrogen produced by soy, and bisphenol A (BPA). After 3 days of incubation, quail eggs were injected with vehicle, EB, DES, GEN or BPA. Administration of BPA caused an early blockage of development and no further analyses were done on the BPA groups. At puberty, the copulatory behavior of EB- or DES-treated male quail was totally abolished, whereas only the highest doses of GEN determined a significant decrease of the behavior. After the tests, the animals were sacrificed and perfused. The fractional area (FA) covered by VT immunoreactivity was analyzed in BST, medial preoptic nucleus, and lateral septum by computerized image analysis. The FA was significantly reduced after treatment with EB, DES and GEN at high doses. These results confirm that the sexually dimorphic VT system of the Japanese quail is a sensible indicator of the effects of xenoestrogens at the level of the central nervous system.     

Blood and serum components and organ weights in steers, bulls and zeranol-implanted bulls

To investigate certain physiological aspects of the mode of action of zeranol or Ralgro on growth, behavior and carcass quality of young bulls, concentrations of 19 blood components and weights of eight organs were determined. Experimental animals consisted of 36 untreated steers, 36 untreated bulls, 36 bulls implanted with zeranol at 3 mo of age and subsequently at 5, 8 and 10 mo and 36 bulls implanted with zeranol at 6 mo of age and subsequently at 9 and 11 mo. In addition, half of the animals in each group were subjected to moderate pre-slaughter stress (mixing and trucking 160 km); the other half was subjected to minimum pre-slaughter stress (no mixing and 4 km transport). Concentrations of cortisol, urea nitrogen and albumin in serum were higher (P less than .01) and those of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and creatinine were lower (P less than .05) in steers than in intact males. Concentrations of GOT, LDH, and creatinine were higher (P less than .05) in implanted than those in control males. Pre-slaughter stress had a significant effect on several traits measured in blood or serum. Thyroid glands were smaller (P less than .01) in steers than in control and implanted males. Testes were smaller (P less than .01) in the zeranol-implanted than in untreated males. Results indicate that zeranol had only a minor effect on the 19 blood components studied, but it did reduce testicle size. Castration had a major impact on several of the blood components. Pre-slaughter management had a significant effect on several blood components.     

The response of broilers' adiposity to testosterone after embryonic exposure to androgen and tamoxifen

1. The effects of early exposure of heavy breed (HB) chicks to an anti-oestrogen (tamoxifen--TAM) and to an androgen which cannot be aromatised (5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone--DHT) on subsequent adiposity and its response to testosterone were studied. 2. Embryonic TAM administration reduced adiposity in females but not in males at 8 weeks of age. Embryonic DHT produced similar responses but to a lesser extent. 3. Testosterone propionate (TP) administration during growth had no effect on adiposity in any of the treated groups but TP reduced adiposity in males which had been exposed to DHT at the embryonic stage.     

Tamoxifen advances puberty in the White Leghorn hen.

1. Tamoxifen (TAM) administration advances puberty in cockerels. In the present study the effect of TAM administration on the sexual development of White Leghorn hens was studied. 2. Two-week-old White Leghorn females were injected intramuscularly with TAM on alternate days at doses of 0.1 mg (0.1 TM), 1 mg (1TM), 5 mg (5TM) and 10 mg/kg body weight (10TM) respectively, while the controls were injected with maize oil (vehicle). The experiment was terminated at 23 weeks of age, when all the control hens laid eggs. Sample autopsies were made on chicks of 6, 14 and 23 weeks of age. 3. Body growth was not affected by any of the treatments. 4. Comb growth was accelerated by all doses of TAM, while hematocrit increased in the 1TM, 5TM and 10TM hens. 5. Egg laying advanced in the 0.1TM and 1TM birds, was delayed in 5TM hens and did not occur at all in the 10TM females. 6. TAM caused a precocious increase in plasma oestrogen and androgen, suppressed adiposity in a dose-related manner and, at low doses, advanced the development of the gonadal system. 7. At 23 weeks of age, when the gonadal system of the controls was fully active, TAM caused a dose-related depression in abdominal fat, liver, ovary, and oviduct weights, plasma total lipids and calcium concentrations and a dose-related increase in plasma oestrogen and androgen titres, and comb weight. 8. It seems that TAM increased gonadotropic activity and its androgen stimulating action, but suppressed peripheral signs of the elevated plasma oestrogen titres. Low doses of TAM enhanced gonadotropic activity and egg laying but the antioestrogenic effect depressed development of the gonadal system, suppressing egg production when high doses were administered. It therefore seems that oestrogens are necessary for normal ovarian development in hens.     

影响五指山小型猪主要脏器重量及脏器系数的因素分析

为测定不同年龄段封闭群五指山小型猪主要脏器重量和脏器系数,研究影响脏器系数的因素,试验选用普通级封闭群五指山小型猪74头(其中♂43头,♀31头),测定体重和心脏、肝脏、肺脏、脾脏、肾脏、胃6个脏器的重量,计算脏器系数,分别以年龄和体重为研究因素,对脏器重量和脏器系数进差异性、相关和回归分析。性别间比较显示,不同年龄段小型猪脏器重量少量脏器间存在显著性差异(P<0.05),但脏器系数性别间差异不显著(P＞0.05)。单因素分析结果显示,随着年龄和体重的增大,脏器重量显著增加(P<0.0001);在脏器系数对年龄因素的分析中,心脏、肝脏、肺脏和胃出现显著减小的趋势(P<0.0001),而脾脏和肾脏的减小趋势不明显(P＞0.05),而在脏器系数对体重因素的分析中,所有脏器系数均出现明显减小的趋势(P<0.01)。多因素分析结果显示,各脏器的重量和脏器系数受体重的影响程度不同。研究结果表明,性别因素对五指山小型猪脏器重量和脏器系数的影响不大,年龄和体重是主要的影响因素,其中体重因素最为关键,脏器重量随着体重的增加而显著增加,而脏器系数明显减小。     

枸杞多糖对己烯雌酚生殖损伤仓鼠抗氧化能力及生殖激素水平的影响

为探讨枸杞多糖（LBP）对己烯雌酚（DES）致成年雄性仓鼠生殖损伤的保护作用,66只成年雄性仓鼠随机分为空白对照组（A）、DES组（B）、LBP组（C、D、E）及VC＋VE组（F）。除对照组注射橄榄油外,其余5组皮下注射DES,连续用药7d,同时C、D、E组分别灌服1,10,50mg/kg的LBP,F组灌服100mg/kg的VC及200IU/kg的VE,A、B组灌服等剂量的生理盐水,于末次给药24h后取材。摘取睾丸、附睾和精囊腺测质量并观察睾丸组织结构,检测血清中SOD、GSH-Px、MDA及T、LH、FSH、E2的水平。结果显示,DES能显著降低仓鼠体质量及生殖器官质量,而10,50mg/kg LBP及维生素对其有显著缓解作用（P〈0.05）;DES处理组仓鼠睾丸组织结构严重损伤,应用LBP后其损伤程度显著减轻,其中以10,50mg/kg LBP的作用最为明显,VC＋VE的缓解作用与50mg/kg LBP组接近;随着LBP剂量的增加,血清中SOD、GSH-Px的水平增加（P〈0.01）,而MDA的水平下降（P〈0.01）,维生素组与LBP组的变化趋势一致;LBP对血清激素水平也有不同程度的提高,其中以50mg/kg作用最为显著（P〈0.01）。这表明50mg/kg LBP能显著缓解DES致成年雄性仓鼠睾丸生精损伤。