苦瓜新品种九杂翠玉的选育

九杂翠玉是以综合性状好,抗病性中等,抗逆性和适应性较强的优质早熟强雌系10-c1-1为母本,以中熟品种,生长势中等,分枝力强,商品性好,果肉厚,适应性广的10-44为父本,配制而成的苦瓜一代杂交种。2017年9月7日通过重庆市农作物品种鉴定,定名为九杂翠玉(渝品审鉴2017013)。该品种植株长势旺,分枝能力强,主、侧蔓均可结瓜,综合性状好。主蔓第一朵雌花着生于9~14节,雌花株率占93.4%。果实长圆筒形,果面肉突起、果色绿白色,果长36.45 cm,果粗10.45 cm,果肉厚1.08cm,平均单果质量1 034.53 g。肉质脆嫩,清凉微苦。抗病性中等,抗逆性和适应性较强。熟性配套(早熟,长采收期),高产,商品性好。     

苦瓜产量杂种优势与配合力研究

选用8个高世代绿苦瓜自交系,按Griffing完全双列杂交第2种方法设计试验,对苦瓜产量的杂种优势和配合力效应进行研究。结果表明:28个杂交组合有26个呈现正向离中优势,有23个呈现正向超亲优势,22个组合比对照增产;在8个试验亲本中,4个亲本的一般配合力效应为正向效应,另外4个为负向效应,亲本B的一般配合效应值极显著高于其它亲本;21个组合双亲间特殊配合力效应表现为正向效应,效应值最高的组合为E×H(2.15),其次是B×H(1.51)、D×H(1.28)、A×G(1.23)和C×G(1.05)。并对苦瓜丰产性育种的亲本选择选配进行了讨论。     

小麦淀粉品质性状配合力效应及遗传分析

选用9个冬小麦品种,按NCⅡ不完全双列杂交设计,对淀粉主要品质性状进行了配合力及相关分析。结果表明：淀粉品质性状一般配合力和特殊配合力方差均达显著或者极显著水平,综合考虑亲本各性状一般配合力相对效应,中优9507、济麦20、偃展4110适合做面条和馒头小麦品质育种优良亲本;藁麦6/偃展4110和扬麦16/偃展4110,一般配合力效应和特殊配合力效应表现优秀,总的配合力效应表现也最好,利用价值大,为优良组合。直链淀粉的遗传主要是基因的累加效应,粘度性状、总淀粉、蛋白质品质性状的遗传以加性效应为主,非加性效应为辅;峰值粘度、低谷粘度、最终粘度狭义遗传力达74.47%以上,宜在早代进行选择;直链淀粉、膨胀势在50%以下,高世代选择效果较好。峰值粘度、低谷粘度、最终粘度与支链淀粉、总淀粉、膨胀势呈极显著的遗传负相关,而与直链淀粉、降落数值均呈显著或极显著遗传正相关,可以完全同向选择。     

有棱丝瓜主要农艺性状的相关及通径分析

对有棱丝瓜10个品种的10个主要农艺性状进行了相关及通径分析。相关分析表明。瓜长、单瓜质量等2个性状与产量呈极显著正相关，前期产量、瓜形指数与产量呈显著正相关，始收期与产量呈极显著负相关，第一坐瓜节位与产量呈显著负相关；通径分析表明，结果数和单瓜质量2个性状对产量形成的直接作用最大。且对产量的决定系数总和达0．9812。因此，可以作为有棱丝瓜高产育种的主要选择性状。     

糯玉米淀粉RVA黏度性状配合力与杂种优势分析

蒸煮食味品质是评价鲜食糯玉米品种优劣的核心指标。为探究糯玉米蒸煮品质性状的配合力、杂种优势及与亲本遗传距离关系，本研究选用55个糯玉米自交系，采用NCⅡ设计组配的156个杂交组合，研究其快速黏度分析（RVA）特征谱配合力效应并结合单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记，分析遗传距离与杂种优势、配合力的相关性。结果表明，在被测自交系中，ZFF、XH55和NFHH一般配合力效应较高，利用其组配的杂交组合峰值黏度也普遍较高，说明利用这3个自交系组配杂交组合后代产生优势杂交种的潜力较大。相关性分析结果发现，SNP分子标记遗传距离与RVA黏度性状杂种优势显著相关，但相关系数普遍偏低（0.162～0.345），说明遗传距离对糯玉米杂交组合RVA黏度性状的预测具有一定的价值，但遗传距离与F1黏度性状之间的相关程度不足以准确预测杂种优势。另外，亲本的总配合力和特殊配合力与杂种优势显著相关，决定系数也较高，变幅在-0.781～0.830和-0.662～0.786。结果表明，在预测糯玉米黏度性状的杂种优势时，不能只依靠遗传距离，还应重点考虑亲本的配合力。本研究为后续优质糯玉米品种选育提供了亲本以及杂交组配的理论依据...     

主成分累计贡献率和性状选择对苦瓜遗传距离与产量杂种优势关系的影响

将9个苦瓜高世代自交系分成两组,按不完全双列杂交设计配制18个杂交组合。以茎粗、叶长、节间长、第一雌花节位、播种-始花天数和冷害指数等6个反映苦瓜植株形态、熟性和生态适应性的性状为基础性状组,当构成遗传相关系数矩阵的性状数目依次从6个增加到1 2个时,7组遗传距离在累计贡献率70%~95%内表现稳定,累计贡献率大于95%时表现不稳定。遗传距离与产量杂种优势之间的相关系数在7个和8个性状时最大,随性状数目增加,相关系数减小。对7个和8个性状在主成分累计贡献率70%~85%时的遗传距离与产量杂种优势之间的关系进行了线性回归分析,回归方程分别为Y=0.1293 0.0284X和Y=0.1867 0.0324X,均达到极显著水平。     

微胚乳超高油玉米几个性状的配合力研究

按Griffing方法4,用6个微胚乳超高油玉米自交系配制了15个组合,并对亲本及其杂交组合的21个性状的配合力和遗传率进行了研究。结果表明:茎粗、穗长、秃尖、胚重比和乳熟期子粒可溶性糖含量等5个性状的一般配合力(Gca)方差达到极显著水平,而特殊配合力(Sca)方差不显著,其余16个性状的Gca方差和Sca方差均达到显著或极显著水平,这16个性状的总配合力(Tca)效应值与其观测值的趋势是完全一致的。胚重比、乳熟期子粒可溶性糖含量、成熟期子粒含油率、叶片数、胚油比和非胚部分(OSK)含油率等6个性状的狭义遗传率(hN2)和广义遗传率(hB2)均比较高,可在育种的早期世代进行选择。     

线辣椒新品种天椒18号选育报告

天椒18号是天水市农业科学研究所利用日光温室加代选育和病圃选择,对甘谷线椒进行提纯复壮而选育出的加工型辣椒新品种。在2014 — 2015 年的多点试验中,天椒18号2 a 12(点)次平均折合干椒产量 5 104.50 kg/hm2,较对照品种甘谷线椒增产13.7%。天椒18号为早中熟制干辣线椒,始花节位11～12节,平均果长21.8 cm,果径2.15 cm,果肉厚0.13 cm,平均单果重13.8 g。红熟果深红色,果面微皱,辣味强。适宜在甘肃省天水市及气候条件相近地区栽培。     

陆地棉优质新种质主要经济性状配合力分析

两个陆地棉型优质新种质— 95 42 2系和 95 1 78系同鲁棉 1 4号、中棉所 1 6号和Acala4 42共 5个亲本配成 5× 5 =2 5个杂交组合 ,按Criffing方法 1、模式Ⅰ设计分析了F1 纤维长度、纤维强度、马克隆值、皮棉产量、衣分率、单株铃数、单铃重和籽指共 8个主要经济性状的配合力、遗传力。经分析 ,3个纤维品质性状的遗传主要受加性效应控制。纤维长度的加性效应远比非加性效应的作用重要 ,并估算出较高的广义遗传力 (94 8% )。加性效应为控制马克隆值遗传最主要的成份 ,非加性效应虽占比重小 ,但特殊配合力仍达极显著水平 ,马克隆值的广义遗传力较高 (84 1 5 % )。纤维强度为加性效应所控制 ,非加性效应作用微小。 5个产量性状的广义遗传力中等偏下 ,其中以皮棉产量最高 (6 5 31 % ) ,一般配合力和特殊配合力效应方差均达到极显著水平     

制干辣椒新品种天椒11号选育报告

辣椒新品种天椒11号是以自育自交系24-1-2-1-1-1-1为母本、自育自交系34-1-1-1-1-1-1为父本配制而成的制干辣椒杂交种。在2013 — 2014年进行的甘肃省多点区域试验中, 2 a 12点(次)干椒平均折合产量5 739.00 kg/hm2,较对照品种甘谷线椒增产27.00% 。天椒11号为线椒,从定植到红果成熟95 d左右,生长势中等。红熟果深红色,果面微皱,果长21.6 cm,果径1.54 cm,果肉厚0.19 cm,单果质量15.6 g,单株结果61个,辣味强。适宜在甘肃省及气候条件相近的地区栽培。     

Protective role of selenium on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) exposed to cadmium and lead stress during reproductive stage role of selenium on heavy metals stress

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of selenium on flowering indices, sex determination of flowers, and yield of cucumber plant under heavy metal stress conditions. Treatments consisted of selenium (0, 4, 6, 8 mgL^?1) and heavy metals of cadmium (0, 20, 25 µM) and lead (0, 60, 100 µM), which were applied in three stages during the experiment period. The results of this study showed that the stress of heavy metals with a negative effect on flowering indices resulted in delayed flowering and changing flower’s sex toward male flowers. Furthermore, delayed fruiting and significant decreases in fruit growth indices and total yield was observed in plants treated with cadmium and lead. Adding selenium to the culture medium resulted in accelerated flowering (reducing the time and number of nodes needed until the first flower emerges), the emergence of more male flowers, increased the ratio of the number of female flowers to male flowers in plants under stress, and the highest effect of this element was observed at the concentration 6?mg/L. Based on this results, the application of 4and 6mg/L selenium in stress and non-stress conditions enhanced fruiting (a significant reduction in the time required from cultivation to fertilize the first flower and the formation of fruit in lower nodes) and significantly increased the number of fruits, fruit length and diameter, single fruit weight and total yield, and the greatest effect of this element was observed in 6?mg/L concentration. The results of this study showed that selenium has a positive effect on control of stress conditions and improvement of flowering indices and total yield in cucumber plant under the stress of heavy elements of lead and cadmium.     

黄蒿和大籽蒿与两个园林小菊砧穗组合对生长和开花的影响

为了探究黄蒿(Artemisia annua)和大籽蒿(Artemisia sieversianae)作为砧木嫁接菊花的效果,拓展菊花嫁接的砧穗组合,本研究以园林小菊钟山粉韵和钟山紫辰为接穗,黄蒿和大籽蒿为砧木,比较4种砧穗组合嫁接对嫁接株的成活和发病、生长特性(冠幅、冠丛周径、砧木茎粗、最大根长、接穗干重、根干重、总...     

Characterization of avocado (Persea americana mill.) varieties of low oil content.

Several avocado varieties of low oil content (6.73-8.07%) from Venezuela (Booth 1, Booth 7, Ceniap 2, Figueroa, Guacara Morado, Luiz de Queiroz, Princesa, Quebrada Seca, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Taylor, and Tonnage) were characterized for pulp oil and moisture; weight (whole fruit, seed, pulp, and peel); length, width, and fruit shape; peel characteristics (roughness, color, and hand peeling); and ripeness time. Oil plus moisture percentages were between 87.62 and 93.71. Pulp percentage of Quebrada Seca was the lowest of the 49 varieties studied, and its seed percentage the highest. Princesa had the highest pulp percentage (76%). Seven varieties were pyriform and five ovate, seven had rough peel and five smooth peel, and four of them had purple peel and the others green. Five varieties were easy to hand peel. Peak ripening of some varieties was at 4-9 days. Princesa is the variety with the highest potential yield with 67944 kg of fruit/ha, 51675 kg of pulp/ha, 3679 kg of oil/ha, and 3016 kg of starch/ha.     

Interactions of Salinity Stress and Flower Thinning on Tomato Growth,Yield, and Water Use Efficiency

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of salinity stress and flower number on growth, yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and fruit quality of cherry tomatoes cultivated under soilless conditions. The experiment was conducted in a plastic house (5-m wide × 11-m long) located in Gifu University. The seedlings were transplanted in a randomized complete block design with six plants per treatment (NT1 and ST1 were with four plants), giving a total of 44 plants in 22 pots (two plants per pot). Two different salinity levels [no-salinity and salinity with electrical conductivity: 0.8 and 3.0 dS m^?1, respectively] and four flower number treatments (8, 13, 18, and free per truss) were investigated in the experiment. The results showed that salinity stress negatively affected tomato growth, yield, and marketable yield, but improved tomato fruit quality. The number of flowers had no effect on tomato growth variables and WUE, but the yield significantly increased with increasing flower number. However, the fruit quality was decreased with increased flower number. A reasonable control for fruit load can increase marketable yield in commercial cultivation. Under salinity stress conditions, properly increasing the number of flowers can avoid yield reduction.     

Morphological features of an open flower mutant plant and characterization of their progenies in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

The lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is a self-pollinated seed legume with cleistogamous flowers. A spontaneous open flower semi leaf-less mutant, was observed from segregating generation (F₄) of a cross IPL 313 × RKL 1001 in which reproductive organs were not enclosed by the keel petals and thus remained exposed. Leaves on this mutant plant was very less and random with 1–3 pairs of leaf lets whereas in normal plant leaves are present at every reproductive node with 5–7 pairs of leaf lets. A very large number of open flowers (>90 %) remained sterile in mutant plant and their progenies, though its pollen fertility was as high as the standard cultivars. The progenies of the mutant open flower plant were segregates in three morphological different plant types as (1) open flower leaf-less plants, (2) open flower semi leaf-less plants and (3) normal plants having cleistogamous (closed) flowers and normal bearing leaves. The open flower leafless plant were low yielder whereas open flower semi leafless progenies have good yield potential and are important source of rare novel mutant alleles for important economic traits like multiple peduncles per reproductive node, more number of flowers/pods per peduncle and long reproductive phase. The open flower trait offers opportunity for exploring hybrid technology in the lentil and mutant alleles can play a crucial role in understanding the genetics of the target trait and for improvement of lentils.     

Analysis of Characters and Germplasm of Significance to Improvement of Australian Native Waratahs (Telopea spp., family Proteaceae) for Cut Flower Production

Waratahs (Telopea spp.) are cultivated for their blooms for the international cut flower market. A morphometric study was conducted on a range of cultivated waratah varieties to determine the variability of selected characters of horticultural importance and which parents might be of value in future breeding programs. Univariate analysis of characters of 13 cultivars revealed the greatest range of variation in number of flowers, bract dimensions, flower colour and leaf margin type. Differences were observed between number of flowers per inflorescence in the T. speciosissima (Sm.) R.Br. group of accessions and the other species cultivars; interspecific cultivars with T. mongaensis, Cheel and T. oreades F. Muell. were intermediate, with a similar pattern observed in bract length and width. Multivariate analysis (canonical variate analysis – CVA) discriminated between waratah cultivars on the basis of flower colour (first axis), then flower number, bract length, leaf width and leaf margin type (axis 2). The third axis also separated leaf width, the fourth leaf length and width, and the fifth leaf apex shape, CVA was also used to explore the genetic contribution of three parent T. speciosissima cultivars to hybrid populations. Hybrids with ‘Sunflare’, ‘Sunburst’ or ‘Wirrimbirra White’ as one parent were very dispersed indicating the range of inheritance of the observed phenotypic characters, leading to the possibility of selecting individuals with the required degree of character inheritance. It was demonstrated that the Telopea speciosissima type, which forms the basis of the waratah cut flower industry, may be improved by hybridising with other Telopea species. The application of the results to the development of waratah breeding programs is discussed.     

飞船搭载处理对辣椒SP_1发芽和生物学特性的影响

以 4个辣椒品种为材料 ,探讨飞船搭载对辣椒种子发芽力、植株生长特性、果实性状的影响。结果表明 :飞船搭载对辣椒种子的发芽率和发芽势有一定的影响 ,这种影响随材料而异 ;搭载种子平均初花期较对照提早 0 2～ 3 2d ,且株间变异增加 ,植株有矮化的趋势 ;第 1花序节位也呈降低态势 ,结果能力有所提高 ,但果实长度、直径和平均单果重呈下降趋势     

基于表型性状的观赏向日葵种质资源遗传多样性分析

为研究观赏向日葵品种资源表型性状多样性,改良现有观赏品种,筛选出有市场前景的观赏向日葵新品种,对30份观赏向日葵种质资源的11个质量性状和7个数量性状进行变异系数、相关性分析,采用系统聚类组间聚合的方法根据欧式距离进行聚类分析。结果表明,观赏向日葵种质的表型性状具有丰富的遗传多样性。在质量性状中, Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数最高的是舌状花颜色(1.408 7),舌状花杂色的分布频率为40.00%。数量性状中,变异系数从大至小依次为舌状花宽、舌状花瓣数、舌状花长、株高、花朵数、SPAD值、分枝长。基于表型性状,在遗传距离为10处将供试的30份种质划分为3个群组,第I群组共包含有12个种质,第II群组共包含14个种质,第III群组有4个种质。     

空间诱变选育特小型黄瓜新种质

利用卫星搭载黄瓜自交系材料,通过地面种植、观察、分离、纯化,获得特小型黄瓜自交系CHA03-10-2-2。该自交系瓜长8cm左右,雌花节率达99.5%,表现稳定,可直接用于培育特小型黄瓜新品种。