小反刍兽疫的流行、诊断与防控

小反刍兽疫是一种传染性极强的病毒性疾病,主要影响家养以及野生的小反刍动物。该病的主要特征是发热、口腔炎、结膜炎、肠胃炎和肺炎。小反刍兽疫也是世界动物卫生组织（0IE）规定必须上报的法定疾病之一。文章对该病的流行、传播方式、诊断方法以及防控措施进行了综述。     

小反刍兽疫研究进展

小反刍兽疫(PPR)是由小反刍兽疫病毒(PPRV)引起的急性或亚急性传染病,为世界动物卫生组织(OIE)法定报告的动物疫病,易感动物以山羊、绵羊等小反刍动物为主。目前,小反刍兽疫主要流行于西非、中非、中东、阿拉伯半岛及南亚等地区。敏感特异的检测方法和高效的预防性疫苗将为该病的防控奠定良好的基础。论文对小反刍兽疫全球流行现状、诊断技术及疫苗研究进展进行了综述。     

小反刍兽疫研究进展

小反刍兽疫(Peste des pefits nuninants,PPR)是OIE规定的A类烈性传染病,我国规定为一类动物疫病,是一种严重的烈性、接触性传染病,主要感染小反刍兽,特别是山羊高度易感,别的野生动物也可发生。近年来该病呈蔓延的趋势,2007年7月25日西藏自治区日土县暴发了我国首例小反刍兽疫疫情,中国动物卫生与流行病学中心确诊了这一疫病。该病作为一种重大的跨国动物疫病,严重的威胁我国的动物卫生安全,对该病开展研究具有重要的现实意义。就该病的病原学、流行病学、诊断、预防及控制等研究进展进行了综述。     

浅议天水地区小反刍兽疫的防控措施

小反刍兽疫是一种传染性极强的病毒性疾病,主要影响家养以及野生的小反刍动物。该病的主要特征是发热、口腔炎、结膜炎、肠胃炎和肺炎。本文对该病的流行、传播方式、诊断方法以及防控措施进行了综述。     

小反刍兽疫的诊断及防控措施

小反刍兽疫是一种接触性急性传染病,属于烈性传染病之一。小反刍动物是该病主要感染对象,其中绵羊和山羊感染性较大,患病动物可出现口炎、肺炎、发热和腹泻等,隐性感染及患病动物是该病主要的传染源,传播途径较广,可通过胚胎移植或受精等进行传播,也可由间接接触或直接接触传播,经飞沫由呼吸道进行传播。文章对小反刍兽疫的有效诊断方法进行了介绍,并提出了几点防控措施。     

小反刍兽疫疫苗研究进展

小反刍兽疫是由小反刍兽疫病毒引起的一种严重的烈性、接触性重大跨国动物疫病.目前,该病在我国已经发生,给我国畜牧业经济造成了巨大损失.同多数病毒性疾病的防制相同,对小反刍兽疫PPRS的防制仍以疫苗免疫预防为主.文章对小反刍兽疫的各类疫苗进行综述,以期为疫苗的合理应用提供技术帮助.     

我国小反刍兽疫流行情况及防控措施

小反刍兽疫是由小反刍兽疫病毒感染小反刍兽的一种严重的急性、烈性、接触性传染病。该病是一种主要的跨国传播的动物疫病,在世界范围内呈现扩散和东移的流行趋势。2007年西藏自治区暴发了我国首例小反刍兽疫疫情,至今我国目前已有23个省市发生该疫情,严重威胁我国的动物卫生安全。文章对我国小反刍兽疫的传播趋势和流行特点进行了分析,并对我国的紧急防控措施作出评估和建议。     

小反刍兽疫病毒分子生物学研究进展

小反刍兽疫是一种急性、热性、接触性传染病,是世界动物卫生组织规定的A类传染病,在我国被列为一类动物疫病,具有高发病率和高死亡率等特点。该病给小反刍动物养殖及国家和外贸经济带来了巨大的损失。文章主要叙述了小反刍兽疫病毒各基因结构特点,6种结构蛋白的功能,小反刍兽疫的诊断技术等方面的最新研究进展。     

小反刍兽疫的综合防治技术

小反刍兽疫是由小反刍兽疫病毒引起小反刍动物的一种急性接触性传染病.世界动物卫生组织将该病定为A类疾病.2014年4月我区因山羊的不当引种而引发了七、八例小反刍兽疫疫情,其特征是发病急剧、高热稽留、眼泪分泌物增加、口腔糜烂、腹泻和肺炎.本病毒主要感染绵羊和山羊.本文简单的分析了该病的病原学特性,流行病学特征,临床症状,临床症状以及如何对该病进行诊断,以供参考.     

小反刍兽疫流行病防控对策研究

小反刍兽疫是一种传染性极强的接触性传染病,主要影响山、绵羊等小反刍动物,在野生小反刍动物中偶有发现。该病是一种国际间传播的动物疫病,近年来有向我国蔓延之趋势,我国的动物卫生安全面临着严重威胁。本文对小反刍兽疫的流行病特点进行了分析,提出具体的防范对策。     

小反刍兽疫活疫苗的安全性评价试验

2007年小反刍兽疫(PPR)在我国西藏首次暴发,在西藏和新疆部分地区使用PPR Nigeria 75/1疫苗株制造的疫苗进行免疫接种。为明确疫苗的安全性,中国兽医药品监察所国家牛瘟参考实验室对其安全性能进行了系统评价。健康易感山羊、绵羊及怀孕山羊、怀孕绵羊按不同剂量接种疫苗后,均未观察到异常临床反应;怀孕母羊所产羔羊数量与对照组无明显差异。疫苗对小白鼠、豚鼠的非特异性安全试验表明,所有接种动物均健活。结果表明该疫苗安全性良好,可在田间大规模使用。     

小反刍兽疫研究现状

小反刍兽疫(Peste des petits ruminants,PPR)是由小反刍兽疫病毒(Peste des petits ruminants virus,PPRV)引起的一种主要感染小反刍动物的急性、接触性传染病,发病率、死亡率高.近年来,小反刍兽疫(PPR)呈扩散的趋势,成为重要的跨国动物传染病之一,我国周边国家频繁器发该病.2007年7月25日暴发于西藏自治区日土县的我国首例小反刍尊疫疫情,更是对我国如何做好该病的防控工作提出了新的要求和挑战.为了增强广大兽医工作者和相关人士对本病的认识,文中就小反刍兽疫的病原学、流行病学、临床症状、病理特征以及诊断方法等方面的研究现状进行了综述.     

小反刍兽疫的诊断与综合防控措施

小反刍兽疫是由小反刍兽疫病毒引起的一种急性、亚急性传染性疾病,主要感染绵羊、山羊及一些野生小反刍动物,发病率和死亡率均较高,给广大农牧民和养殖场造成巨大的经济损失。因此,对该病的诊断及综合防控措施进行概述,以期为该病的防控提供参考。     

Development of an Indirect ELISA for the Detection of Antibodies against Peste-des-petits-ruminants Virus in Small Ruminants

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, febrile, highly contagious and economically important viral disease of small ruminants. A polyclonal antibody based indirect ELISA was developed for detection of antibodies to PPR virus in the serum samples of goats and sheep using purified PPR viral antigen propogated in Vero cell culture. A threshold (cut-off) value was set as twice the mean of the negative population based on the distribution of known negative serum samples in respect of PPR virus antibodies in the test. A total of 1544 serum samples from goats and sheep were screened by indirect ELISA and competitive ELISA. The indirect ELISA compared very well with competitive ELISA, with a high degree of specificity (95.09%) and sensitivity (90.81%). When compared with virus neutralization test, the present assay had 100% specificity and 80% sensitivity. With serum samples, the assay could clearly differentiate animals from the infected population from uninfected ones. These results suggest that the indirect ELISA may be a good alternative tool to competitive ELISA for seroepidemiological surveys.     

小反刍兽疫研究进展

小反刍兽疫病毒(PPRV)是副黏病毒科(Paramyxoviridae)麻疹病毒属(Morbolivirus)的成员,主要感染山羊、绵羊等小反刍动物,引起一种高度接触性病毒性传染病。小反刍兽疫为一种重大的外来性疾病,2007年在中国西藏自治区日土县首次发生。自2013年末以来中国新疆、青海、甘肃、宁夏、内蒙、湖南、辽宁等地频繁暴发小反兽疫疫情,给中国的畜牧业带来了巨大的损失,引起极大的重视。为更好的分析小反刍兽疫的病原特性及采取有效的防控措施,文章对小反刍兽疫的病原学及疫苗研究进展进行论述。     

小反刍兽疫流行病学及防控研究进展

小反刍兽疫是山羊、绵羊以及一些野生小反刍动物的一种急性或亚急性接触性传染病,自从首次发生以来一直呈扩大趋势,成为了严重危害畜牧业生产安全的重大跨国动物疫病之一。诊断技术和疫苗接种是预防控制小反刍兽疫的重要手段,根据小反刍兽疫典型的临床症状可初步做出假设性诊断,但确诊需要实验室诊断技术的支持。论文从小反刍兽疫目前的世界分布情况、小反刍兽疫病毒的起源以及易感动物等方面阐述了该病的流行病学特征,介绍了小反刍兽疫病毒实验室诊断技术的研究进展及几种具有应用前景的小反刍兽疫疫苗,为该病的研究和有效防控提供依据。     

The detection of antibody against peste des petits ruminants virus in Sheep,Goats, Cattle and Buffaloes

Monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA (C-ELISA) has been used for the specific measurement of antibodies to peste des petits ruminants (PPR) viruses in sheep, goats, cattle and Buffalo. Serum samples from sheep (n = 232), goats (n = 428), cattle (n = 43), buffalo (n = 89) were tested. The animals had not been vaccinated against rinderpest or PPR. Findings suggested that the sero-positive cases were significantly higher in sheep (51.29%) than in goats (39.02%) (P = 0.002). The overall sero-prevalence of PPRV in small ruminants was 43.33%. The PPR antibodies seroprevalence was 67.42% in buffalo and 41.86% in cattle which was significantly higher in buffalo (P = 0.005). The overall sero-prevalence of PPRV in large ruminants was 59.09%. Cattle and buffalo sera showed a high prevalence of antibody against PPR virus which may explain the difficulty experienced in achieving high post-vaccination immunity levels against rinderpest. Because antibodies against PPR virus are both cross-neutralizing and cross-protective against rinderpest virus, further vaccination in the presence of antibodies against PPR virus may be a waste of national resources. It was also suggested that antibodies to PPR virus could prevent an immune response to the rinderpest vaccine. This paper presents serological evidence for the transmission of PPR virus from sheep and goats to cattle and buffalo and highlights the need to include PPR serology in the sero-monitoring programme to give a better indication of national herd immunity of sheep and goats against PPR.     

Seroprevalence of, and risk factors for, peste des petits ruminants in sheep and goats in Northern Jordan

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an economically important disease that affect sheep and goat industry in Asia and Africa. In this study, we investigated the seroprevalence, and risk factors, of PPR in sheep and goat flocks from five different governorates (Irbid, Jarash, Ajloun, Mafraq and Zarka) located in Northern Jordan. Serum samples from 929 and 400 sheep and goats, respectively, corresponding to 122 sheep flock and 60 goats flock were collected. Seroprevalence was determined using PPR competitive ELISA. Health status and management information were collected using a semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire. The individual true prevalence of PPR in sheep and goats was 29 and 49%, respectively. The flock level true prevalence of PPR was 60 and 74% in sheep and goats, respectively. In both sheep and goat flocks, large flock size, visiting live animals market and inadequate veterinary services were identified as risk factors for PPR seropositivity. Mixed (sheep and goats) raising was identified as a risk factor for PPR seropositivity in sheep flocks only.