微囊丁酸钠对母猪生产性能与仔猪生长性能的影响

40头妊娠85 d健康二元杂交经产母猪(胎次、体况、前胎产仔数一致),随机分为2组,每组20个重复,每个重复1头,分别为对照组(基础日粮)、处理组(妊娠期:基础日粮+800 g/t微囊丁酸钠;哺乳期:基础日粮+500 g/t微囊丁酸钠)。结果表明,饲粮中添加微囊丁酸钠能够显著提高母猪生产后期采食量(4.56%),显著降低母猪哺乳期的体失重(P<0.05),提高仔猪断奶日增重(P<0.05)和断奶体重。此外,处理组弱仔率较对照组下降35.72%,窝断奶仔猪数和断奶仔猪均重有上升趋势(P=0.07,P=0.14)。由此可见,微囊丁酸钠可改善母猪生产性能,提高仔猪平均日增重。     

不同水平丁酸钠对肉仔鸡养分利用率的影响

为了研究不同添加水平包膜和不包膜(粉剂)丁酸钠对肉仔鸡养分利用率的影响,本研究选用42日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡72只,随机分为9个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复2只鸡。分别饲喂对应日粮:处理A为基础日粮;处理B为基础日粮+抗生素(杆菌肽锌40mg/kg+硫酸粘杆菌素8mg/kg);处理C、D、E分别为基础日粮+100、200、300mg/kg粉剂丁酸钠;处理F、G、H分别为基础日粮+100、200、300mg/kg包膜丁酸钠;处理Ⅰ为内源组。收集饲料和排泄物样品进行干物质、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维和代谢能的测定。研究结果表明:与对照组相比,两种剂型丁酸钠能够提高肉仔鸡干物质、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维和总能的表观代谢率和真代谢率,剂量达200mg/kg和300mg/kg时可起到部分替代杆菌肽锌和硫酸粘杆菌素的作用。肉仔鸡的表观和真实代谢率随着丁酸钠添加水平的增加而提高,包膜丁酸钠的作用效果优于粉剂丁酸钠。本试验研究范围内,推荐肉仔鸡日粮生产中的最适添加量为200mg/kg包膜或粉剂丁酸钠。     

Effects of graded levels of xylo-oligosaccharides on growth performance,serum parameters,intestinal morphology,and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOSs) supplementation on growth performance, serum parameters, small intestinal morphology, intestinal mucosal integrity, and immune function in weaned piglets. A total of 240 weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 8.82 ± 0.05 kg (28 d of age) were assigned randomly to four dietary treatments in a 28-d trial, including a control (CON) diet and three diets with XOS supplementation at the concentration of 100 (XOS100), 500 (XOS500), and 1,000 (XOS1000) mg/kg. There were four replicates per treatment with 15 pigs per pen. From day 1 to 14, there were no differences (P > 0.05) in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake, and gain to feed ratio (G:F) during the different treatments. The different doses of XOSs showed a quadratic effect on BW on day 28, ADG, and G:F on day 1 to 28 of piglets (P < 0.05). From day 15 to 28, ADG of pigs fed the XOS500 diet was higher (P < 0.05) than pigs fed the CON diet. During the overall period (day 1 to 28), pigs fed the XOS500 diet had a higher BW, ADG, and G:F than pigs fed the CON diet (P < 0.05). In addition, compared with the CON group, the XOS500 group had significantly higher serum total antioxidant capacity, total superoxide dismutase and catalase levels, and lower malondialdehyde levels on days 14 and 28 (P < 0.05). The serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration in the XOS500 group was also significantly higher compared with the CON group on days 14 and 28 (P < 0.05). However, serum immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin M were not affected by the dietary treatments. Supplementation of XOS500 to the feed significantly increased the villus height (VH) and VH to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum and ileum in comparison with the CON and XOS1000 groups. Moreover, the XOS500 group significantly elevated the expression levels of occludin and zonula occludens protein-1 in the ileum compared with the CON group. The ileal interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA expression levels in the XOS100 and XOS500 groups were markedly lower than in the CON group. In contrast, the ileal IL-10 mRNA expression levels were remarkably higher in the XOS500 than in the CON group. In conclusion, XOSs have a beneficial effect on growth performance by improving serum antioxidant defense system, serum IgG, small intestinal structure, and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets.     

包膜丁酸钠对青脚麻种鸡生产性能的影响

试验研究包膜丁酸钠对青脚麻种鸡生产性能的影响,为包膜丁酸钠在种鸡上的应用提供理论参考。将11 000只27周龄健康的青脚麻种鸡随机分为2个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复1 100只,分别为对照组(基础日粮)和试验组(基础日粮+500 mg/kg包膜丁酸钠)。试验期为60 d。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,包膜丁酸钠组蛋鸡产蛋率提高2.76%,差异显著(P<0.05),高峰产蛋率提高6.28%,差异显著(P<0.05),种蛋合格率提高3.16%,差异显著(P<0.05),死淘率降低49.28%,差异显著(P<0.05)。由此可见,包膜丁酸钠可改善青脚麻种鸡的生产性能。     

Effect of dietary Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on growth performance and immune function of broilers

Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine possessing many properties such as anti-oxidant and immunomodulation. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy of LBP in broilers. A total of 240 newly hatched broilers were randomly allotted into 4 treatments with 6 replicates. Diets in 3 treatment groups were supplemented with 2, 4, and 8 g/kg LBP, respectively, based on the control diet. Lymphocytes isolated from broiler blood were used to detect immunoregulation function of LBP in vitro. Results in vivo showed that average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 4 g/kg LBP group were decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Dietary 4 g/kg LBP significantly increased immune organ indexes of broilers at 21 d (P < 0.05). Moreover, levels of serum total protein, globulin, albumin, and lysozyme of broilers were higher in the 8 g/kg LBP group (P < 0.05). CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio in blood T cells was higher in the 4 g/kg LBP group (P < 0.05). Results in vitro suggested that 100 and 1,600 μg/mL LBP supplementation significantly promoted blood B and T lymphocyte proliferation of broilers, respectively (P < 0.05). TNF-α mRNA abundance was observably decreased in the lower LBP concentration groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, LBP may possess the clinical efficacy for growth promotion and immunomodulation and could be used as an alternative for nutritive additive in broilers.     

微生态制剂对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能、肠道菌群及血清生化指标的影响

为研究微生态制剂对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能、肠道菌群及血清生化指标的影响,试验选用1日龄AA肉仔鸡800只,随机分为5组,每组8个重复,每个重复20只.对照组肉鸡饲喂基础日粮,微生态制剂组在基础日粮中依次添加剂量0.1％、0.2％、0.4％、0.6％的微生态制剂,试验期42 d.结果显示:与对照组相比,日粮中添加0.2％...     

发酵亚麻籽饼对肉鸡生长性能、免疫及抗氧化功能的影响

试验旨在研究发酵亚麻籽饼对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化功能及免疫功能的影响.选取180只1日龄健康、体重约为(46.37±1.09)g的爱拔益嘉肉鸡,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡.试验分为两个阶段:前期(1～21 d)和后期(22～42 d).对照组(CON组)饲喂玉米-豆粕型日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加5...     

中药蒲地散对肉鸡生长性能及肠道功能的影响

试验选用9 000只1日龄的白羽肉鸡,随机分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复1 500只,其中:蒲地散组饲料中添加中药蒲地散500g/t,对照组饲料不添加任何药物.试验期28 d,于试验第7、14、21、28天采样评估蒲地散对肉鸡生长性能、肠道免疫水平、肠道形态及肠道菌群的影响.结果:与对照组相比,蒲地散组鸡存活率显著提...     

丁酸钠和芽孢杆菌制剂联用对彭县黄鸡屠宰性能、脂肪酸及肠道菌群的影响

为比较添加不同浓度丁酸钠和枯草芽孢杆菌单用和联用对地方家禽彭县黄鸡屠宰性能、脂肪酸、肠道菌群的影响,试验选取健康且体重相近的100日龄彭县黄鸡(公鸡)共288羽,随机分成四个组,每组四个重复,每个重复18羽。Y0为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,Y1、Y2、Y3组分别在基础日粮中添加0.05%丁酸钠、0.03%枯草芽孢杆菌、0.05%丁酸钠+0.03%枯草芽孢杆菌。152日龄屠宰,测定屠宰性能、腿肌脂肪酸含量和盲肠菌群含量和pH。结果表明:日粮中添加0.05%的丁酸钠能提高活重、腹脂重,较对照组分别提高3.50%、369.30%(P<0.05);降低腺胃率、致病菌沙门氏菌的数量,较对照组分别降低18.75%、83.58%(P<0.05)。日粮中添加0.03%的枯草芽孢杆菌能提高活重、肌胃重、肌胃率(P<0.05),较对照组分别提高4.3%、17.08%、16.33%;降低饱和脂肪酸中的硬脂酸C18:0含量,较对照组降低18.39%(P<0.05)。日粮中添加0.05%丁酸钠+0.03%枯草芽孢杆菌能降低屠体重、全净膛重、全净膛率和半净膛率,较对照组分别降低2.52%、6.95%、8.29%、6.90%(P<0.05);提高肌胃重、γ-亚油酸C18:3n6的水平、双歧杆菌数量,较对照组分别提高15.52%、31.25%、652.19%(P<0.05)。综上,单独添加0.05%丁酸钠、0.03%枯草芽孢杆菌均能在提高屠宰性能、改善肠道微生物菌群、改善肉质脂肪酸水平方面起到有利作用,而二者联用并不理想。     

A deficient or an excess of dietary threonine level affects intestinal mucosal integrity and barrier function in broiler chickens

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of deficient or excess of dietary threonine (Thr) levels on intestinal integrity and barrier function of broilers. A total of 432 1‐day‐old commercial broilers (Arbor Acre) were assigned to four experiment groups consisting of six replicates of 18 birds. The treatments were designed as follows: 85%, 100%, 125% and 150% of NRC (Nutrient requirements of poultry (9th edn). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1994) recommendations. The results indicated that expressions of jejunal and ileal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) mRNA were increased linearly or quadratically by increasing Thr (p < .05), and the highest sIgA mRNA abundance was obtained in 125% Thr level. Likewise, the intestinal sIgA content showed similar increasing trend with the intestinal sIgA gene expression in this instance. The high level of Thr inclusion upregulated mucin 2 (MUC2) mRNA expression in the jejunum and ileum (p < .05). In addition, on day 21, the expression levels of jejunal zonula occludens‐2 (ZO‐2) and ileal zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1) decreased then increased with increasing Thr level (p < .05), whereas, the mRNA expressions of occludin in the jejunum and ileum had no significant difference amongst groups (p >.05). On day 42, Thr treatments did not affect the mRNA abundance of measured genes in the jejunum and ileum (p > .05). These findings suggested that Thr might be a nutrient immunomodulator that affects intestinal barrier function, moreover, 125% of the NRC (1994) recommendations Thr level was optimum.     

复合微生态制剂对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道菌群和免疫功能的影响

为研究探讨肉仔鸡日粮中添加不同剂量的复合微生态制剂对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道菌群和免疫功能的影响,以期为复合微生态制剂的临床应用提供参考依据,将150只AA白羽肉仔鸡随机分成5个处理组(对照组、抗生素组、复合微生态制剂Ⅰ组、复合微生态制剂Ⅱ组、复合微生态制剂Ⅲ组),对照组饲喂基础日粮,抗生素组在基础日粮中添加0.05%的肉鸡饲用金霉素,复合微生态制剂Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.05%、0.1%、0.2%的复合微生态制剂,测定平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比、大肠杆菌数、沙门氏菌数、双歧杆菌数、乳酸杆菌数、胸腺指数、法氏囊指数、IgG含量、IgA含量、IgM含量等指标。结果显示,与对照组相比,复合微生态制剂Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组可显著增加平均日采食量、平均日增重、乳酸杆菌数、双歧杆菌数、胸腺指数、脾脏指数、法氏囊指数、IgA含量和IgG含量(P<0.05),显著降低料重比、大肠杆菌和沙门菌数(P<0.05)。与抗生素组相比,复合微生态制剂Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组可显著增加乳酸杆菌数、双歧杆菌数、胸腺指数、脾脏指数、法氏囊指数、IgA含量和IgG含量(P<0.05),显著降低料重比、大肠杆菌和沙门菌数(P<0.05)。表明肉仔鸡饲料中添加0.1%、0.2%的复合微生态制剂可显著改善提高肉仔鸡的生长性能、肠道菌群和免疫功能,其在改善肠道菌群和免疫功能方面的作用效果显著优于抗生素。     

Effects of chestnut tannins on intestinal morphology,barrier function,pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression,microflora and antioxidant capacity in heat‐stressed broilers

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of chestnut tannins (CT) on intestinal morphology, barrier function, pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression, microflora and antioxidant capacity in heat‐stressed broilers. Four hundred 28‐day‐old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned into four groups, with 10 replicates per group and 10 broilers per replicate. The broilers in the normal (NOR) group were kept at 22 ± 1°C and fed the basal diet, and each of the other three groups were treated with cyclic heat (33 ± 1°C from 0800 to 1800 and 22 ± 1°C from 1800 to 0800) and fed the basal diet with 0 (HT), 1 (CT1) or 2 (CT2) g of CT/kg of diet. The experiment lasted for 14 days. Compared with the HT group, broilers in the NOR and CT2 groups had higher (p < .05) average daily gain and villus height in the jejunum and lower serum d ‐lactate (p < .001) and diamine oxidase (p < .01) levels. The addition of 2 g CT/kg of diet increased the total antioxidant capacity (p < .001) and superoxide dismutase activities (p < .05) and zonula occludens‐1 mRNA expression level (p < .05) and decreased the malondialdehyde concentration (p < .01) and mRNA expression levels of interleukin‐6 (p < .001) and nuclear factor kappa B (p < .001) in the jejunal mucosa of heat‐stressed broilers. The populations of Escherichia coli and Clostridium in the jejunum (p < .01) and caecum (p < .05) of broilers in the HT group were higher than those in the NOR and CT2 groups. In conclusion, the addition of 2 g CT/kg of diet seemed to be a feasible means of alleviating the negative effects of heat stress on the growth performance and intestinal function of broilers.     

酵母培养物与抗生素对肉仔鸡生长性能及免疫机能影响的研究

用 2 1 0只 1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡 ,随机分成 7组 ,即 :对照组、 0 1 %、 0 3%、 0 5 %、 0 7%、 0 9%酵母培养物组和抗生素组 (5mg/kg ) ,每组设 3个重复 ,每个重复 1 0只鸡 ,试验期 2 8d,研究不同添加水平的酵母培养物和抗生素对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫机能的影响。试验结果表明 :0 3%的酵母培养物组日增重、日采食量、饲料转化率 ,较对照组略有提高 ,但差异不显著 (P >0 0 5) ,抗生素组与对照组和酵母培养物组相比差异显著 (P <0 0 5) ;各组之间营养物质代谢率差异不显著 (P >0 0 5) ,酵母培养物组有提高的趋势 ;酵母培养物显著降低大肠杆菌的数量 ,提高双歧杆菌的数量 (P <0 0 5) ,抗生素显著降低了大肠杆菌和双歧杆菌的数量 (P <0 0 5) ;酵母培养物显著提高了肉仔鸡血清IgA、IgG水平(P <0 0 5)和IgM水平 (P >0 0 5)。     

Comparative effects of sodium butyrate and flavors on feed intake of lactating sows and growth performance of piglets

We examined the effects of sodium butyrate and flavors on feed intake of lactating sows and growth performance of piglets. A total of 52 primiparous sows (Large White) were randomly divided into four treatments (n = 13) and received 6 g/kg sodium butyrate (SB), fruit‐milk (FM) flavor and fruit‐milk‐anise (FMA) flavor with pair feeding to the mothers receiving the control diet. The feeding trial lasted for 29 days, including 21 days of nursing and 8 days of post‐weaning period, respectively. The nursing and weaning piglets received creep diets with the same flavor or SB supplement as their mother. The results showed that FMA flavor increased average daily feed intake (ADFI) of lactating sows (P < 0.01), as well as improved litter weight gain (P = 0.05) and ADFI (P < 0.01) of nursing pigs among treatments. Indeed, greater ADFI and average daily gain of weaning piglets for the initial 8 days after weaning was observed in the FMA group compared with those in the control group (P < 0.01). These findings indicated that adding FMA flavor was superior to SB for increasing feed intake of lactating sows and improving growth performance of piglets.     

Effect of soybean peptides on growth performance,intestinal structure and mucosal immunity of broilers

Five‐hundred 1‐day‐old broilers were randomly assigned to five groups, 100 chickens for each group. From group 1 to 3, 80, 120 and 200 mg/kg soybean peptides was added to the diets respectively; in the fourth group, 3.2 mg/kg genramycin was added; and the fifth group was the control without soybean peptides and antibiotics. At the age of 28 and 49 days, the number of goblet cells (GC), intestine intraepithelial lymphocyte, immunoglobulin A‐forming cells, the ratio of villous height and crypt depth (V/C) of broiler’s duodenum, jejunum and cecum were observed by the application of haematoxylin and eosin or histochemistry staining. The results indicated that soybean peptides added with 80–120 mg/kg could increase daily weight gain, the number of GC and V/C. Soybean peptides could modulate intestinal mucosal immunity of broilers.     

Effects of sodium butyrate on growth performance,haematological and immunological characteristics of weanling piglets

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) on growth, haematological and immunological characteristics in weanling pigs. A total of 100 male piglets (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) with a body weight of 8.0 ± 0.2 kg weaned at the age of 28 days were randomly assigned to two treatments with five replicates and 10 pigs per replicate. Piglets received a basal diet (control group) or diets supplemented with 1000 mg/kg SB. The feeding trial lasted for 21 days. The results showed that dietary SB significantly decreased (p < 0.05) diarrhoea incidence of weaned piglets, but did not affect (p > 0.05) the average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed to gain (F/G). Furthermore, piglets fed dietary SB had higher (p < 0.05) serum concentrations of glucose and triglycerides and lower (p < 0.05) serum concentrations of urea nitrogen, cortisol, D‐lactic acid and diamine oxidase when compared with the control group. However, dietary SB did not affect concentrations of serum albumin, total protein, insulin and glucagon (p > 0.05). There were no significant (p > 0.05) treatment effects on serum IgA and IgM, whereas serum IgG concentration and IgA+ cell count in jejunum from pigs fed SB were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in those given the basal diet. In conclusion, the present study indicated that dietary SB significantly decreased diarrhoea incidence of weaned piglets and increased the efficiency of nitrogen utilization. Also, dietary SB could regulate and enhance the immune function of piglets by increasing the serum IgG concentration and IgA+ cell count in jejunum. Our results suggest that SB may reduce some of the adverse effects of weaning stress and play an important role in maintaining the integrity of intestinal mucosa.     

Effects of astragalus and ginseng polysaccharides on growth performance,immune function and intestinal barrier in weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of astragalus polysaccharides (Aps) and ginseng polysaccharide (Gps) on growth performance, liver function, immune function, TLR4 signalling pathways and intestinal barrier in weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In an experiment spanning 28 days, 180 weaned piglets were randomly divided into three treatment groups: basal diet (Con), basal diet supplemented with 800 mg/kg Gps (Gps) and basal diet supplemented with 800 mg/kg Aps (Aps). At the end of the experiment, 12 piglets of each group were selected; half (n = 6) were intraperitoneally injected with LPS and half with normal saline. Dietary supplementation with Aps and Gps significantly increased (p < .05) the average daily gain and feed conversion rate. Lipopolysaccharide challenge increased (p < .05) expression of serum urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumour inflammatory factor-α (TNF-α), but decreased (p < .05) serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) level, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) expression. Lipopolysaccharide-challenged piglets fed with Aps or Gps had lower (p < .05) BUN, ALT, AST, IL-1β and TNF-α levels and greater (p < .05) SOD, T-AOC and IgA levels. Lipopolysaccharide challenge increased (p < .05) the expression of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB, and LPS-challenged piglets fed diets supplemented with Aps or Gps increased TLR4 and MyD88 and decreased NF-κB expression. Lipopolysaccharide challenge reduced (p < .05) the jejunal villus height, and piglets fed with Aps or Gps had increased (p < .05) jejunal villus height. Supplementation with Aps or Gps enhanced the expression of occludin and claudin in challenged or unchallenged piglets. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with Aps or Gps enhanced piglet growth performance, alleviated liver dysfunction and reduced immunological stress caused by LPS, as well as increased the intestinal barrier function.     

水产下脚料对肉鸡生长性能、胴体性状及肠道健康的影响

文章旨在评估日粮添加不同水平的水产下脚料对肉鸡生长性能、胴体性状及肠道健康的影响.试验将504只体重一致的1日龄肉鸡随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复28只.对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组饲喂水产下脚料添加水平为8％和16％的日粮,对照组与处理组日粮的营养水平保持一致,试验为期6周.结果:T1和T2组42?d肉鸡体重、2...     

植物粉剂对肉鸡生长性能、肠道菌群数量和肌肉脂肪酸的影响

文章旨在评估植物粉剂(大蒜粉和石莲花粉)对1～42?d肉鸡生长性能、肠道菌群和肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响.试验选择平均初始体重为(48.33±0.47)g的1日龄商品肉仔鸡640只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复32只.对照组饲喂基础日粮,药物组肉鸡饲喂基础日粮,但通过饮水补充2?mg/L维吉尼亚霉素水溶剂,大蒜粉组肉...