Effects of different dietary energy and protein levels and sex on growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality of F1 Angus x Chinese Xiangxi yellow cattle

Background：The experiment evaluated the effect of nutrition levels and sex on the growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality of F1 Angus × Chinese Xiangxi yellow cattle.Methods：During the background period of 184 d,23 steers and 24 heifers were fed the same ration,then put into a2×2×2 factorial arrangement under two levels of- dietary energy（TON：70/80%DM）,protein（CP：11.9/14.3%DM）and sex（S：male/female） during the finishing phase of 146 d.The treatments were-（1） high energy/low protein（HELP）,（2） high energy/high protein（HEHP）,（3） low energy/low protein（LELP） and（4） low energy/high protein（LEHP）.Each treatment used 6 steers and 6 heifers,except for HELP- 5 steers and 6 heifers.Results：Growth rate and final carcass weight were unaffected by dietary energy and protein levels or by sex.Compared with the LE diet group,the HE group had significantly lower dry matter intake（DMI,6.76 vs.7.48 kg DM/d）,greater chest girth increments（46.1 vs.36.8 cm）,higher carcass fat（19.9 vs.16.3%） and intramuscular fat content（29.9 vs.22.8%DM）.The HE group also had improved yields of top and medium top grade commercial meat cuts（39.9 vs.36.5%）.The dressing percentage was higher for the HP group than the LP group（53.4 vs.54.9%）.Steers had a greater length increment（9.0 vs.8.3 cm）,but lower carcass fat content（16.8 vs.19.4%） than heifers.The meat quality traits（shear force value,drip loss,cooking loss and water holding capacity） were not affected by treatments or sex,averaging 3.14 kg,2.5,31.5 and 52.9%,respectively.The nutritive profiles（both fatty and amino acid composition） were not influenced by the energy or protein levels or by sex.Conclusions：The dietary energy and protein levels and sex significantly influenced the carcass characteristics and chemical composition of meat but not thegrowth performance,meat quality traits and nutritive profiles.     

Polymorphism of GDF9 and BMPR1B genes and their association with litter size in Markhoz goats

The main objective of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of GDF9 and BMPR1B genes and their relationship with litter size in Markhoz goats. The polymorphism of GDF9 and BMPR1B genes as well‐documented genes regarding fecundity in sheep and goat was investigated using RFLP‐PCR and a tetra‐primer amplification refractory mutation system‐PCR (T‐ARMS‐PCR) in Markhoz goats. The 164 blood samples were collected from the raised goats in Sanandaj Markhoz goat Performance Testing Station. The DNA extraction was carried out by salting‐out procedure, and then, PCR was performed using four and two pairs of primers to detect polymorphism in GDF9 and BMPR1B genes, respectively. To disclose GDF9 loci polymorphism, PCR products were digested with SspI (G3288A), PvuII (G423A), MvaI (A959C) and MspI (G1189A) restriction enzymes. The results showed that these mutations are available in tested animals. Parity had no significant effect on litter size. Also, the effects of different genotypes of GDF9 and BMPR1B had no significant effect on litter size. Further studies with a high number of animals with minimum relatedness for testing the association of these SNPs and others in the fecundity genes with reproductive traits may be worthwhile.     

Growth performance,carcass quality,biochemical and haematological traits and immune response of growing rabbits as affected by different growth promoters

The aim of the article was to study the effect of different growth promoters on growth performance, carcass quality, biochemical and haematological traits and immune response of growing rabbits. A total number of 105 male growing NZW rabbits during 35–91 days of age were randomly distributed among 7 groups fed the same basal diet and submitted to different dietary treatments: the first group was unsupplemented and used as control; the other groups were supplemented respectively with bee pollen and/or propolis at 200 mg/kg BW of each and inulin and/or mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) at 35 mg/kg BW of each. Body weight gain, daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), biochemical and haematological blood parameters, carcass characteristics, histological studies of ileum and spleen and economical efficiency were measured. Bee pollen administered alone or with propolis significantly (p < 0.01) the body weight gain and improved FCR in respect of the control group. Inulin with MOS significantly improved just FCR than the control group. Bee pollen with propolis and MOS supplemented‐groups resulted in significantly higher (7.96 and 8.41% respectively) white blood cells compared to the control group. Plasma total cholesterol was significantly higher for the MOS group in respect of the control, bee pollen, inulin and inulin with MOS supplemented‐groups. Propolis resulted in significantly higher dressed carcass percentage than the control group and higher carcass index than only bee pollen with propolis supplemented‐group. Bee pollen, in particular if in combination with propolis, could be used as a supplement in the growing rabbits during days 35–91 of age with positive effects on growth rate and feed conversion ratio.     

安秦F_1代、和秦F_1代与秦川牛生长性能比较

[目的]为探讨安秦F1代与和秦F1代与秦川牛的生长发育情况。[方法]选择安秦、和秦、秦川公牛各10头作为2个试验组和1个对照组,测定6、12、18、24月龄的空腹体重、体长、体高、胸围数据,并进行比较分析。[结果]表明,在集约化饲养条件下,6～24月龄的安秦F1代体重及各项体尺指标,均显著高于秦川牛（P〈0.05）,和...     

饲粮添加包被蛋氨酸和包被叶酸对杜寒杂交二代公羔生长性能、养分消化代谢和瘤胃微生物蛋白质合成的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加包被蛋氨酸（coated methionine,CM）和包被叶酸（coated folic acid,CFA）对杜寒杂交二代公羔生长性能、养分消化代谢及瘤胃微生物蛋白质合成的影响。采用2×2完全随机试验设计,试验因素为按照试验动物体重添加CFA（0 mg,CFA-或4 mg·（kg·d）^-1,CFA+）和CM（0 g,CM-或0.1 g·（kg·d）^-1,CM+）。将40只体重相近（（30.08±1.34）kg）的4月龄杜寒杂交二代公羔随机分为4组,分别饲喂基础日粮（CM-&CFA-）、基础日粮+CFA 4 mg·（kg·d）^-1（CM-&CFA+）、基础日粮+CM 0.1 g·（kg·d）^-1（CM+&CFA-）、基础日粮+CFA 4 mg·（kg·d）^-1+CM 0.1 g·（kg·d）^-1（CM+&CFA+）。试验期85 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期70 d,在试验期结束前10 d开展消化代谢试验。试验结果表明：1）饲粮添加CFA显著提高了1~30 d平均日增重和饲料转化率（P<0.05）,而添加CM仅显著提高了1~30 d饲料转化率（P=0.036）,对1~30 d平均日增重无显著影响（P>0.05）;饲粮中添加CFA、CM显著提高了杜寒杂交二代公羔31~60 d和1~60 d平均日增重及相应阶段饲料转化率（P<0.05）,二者对1~60 d饲料转化率具有显著互作效应（P=0.007）;2）饲粮添加CFA显著提高了干物质、有机物、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率（P<0.05）,饲粮添加CM有提高有机物表观消化率的趋势（P=0.066）及增加干物质消化率的趋势（P=0.095）,二者对养分消化率无显著互作效应（P>0.05）;3）饲粮添加CFA、CM显著降低了尿能排出量,显著提高了能量消化率和代谢率（P<0.05）;通过显著降低粪氮、尿氮及总排泄氮（P<0.05）,从而显著提高了氮的表观消化率和沉积氮水平（P<0.05）,且二者同时添加对减少氮排泄、提高氮消化率有显著互作效应（P<0.05）;4）饲粮添加CM、CFA显著提高嘌呤衍生物的尿排泄量,提高瘤胃微生物蛋白质合成量（P<0.05）。饲粮添加CM、CFA提高干物质和有机物表观消化率,改善总能消化率和代谢率,增加氮表观消化率和氮沉积量,促进杜寒杂交二代公羔的生长。     

干旱生态经济条件下,安哥拉山羊、中卫山羊及F1代羊羊毛纤维中硫元素含量研究

在干旱生态经济条件下,安哥拉山羊、中卫山羊和Ｆ１代山羊的主要饲养地景泰地区,平地含硫量（０．８２８％）,高于阴坡地（０．６８５％）和阳坡地（０．６５３％）,主要的牧草中硫含量平均为０．２８６％,而羊毛纤维中的硫含量为２．３７７％～４．５１９％,并且不同品种,不同年龄,不同纤维类型中的硫含量不同,而同一品种饲养在不同地区,其含硫量也不同,同时硫的含量也有随着细度的增大而有增高的趋势,尤其在两型毛中表现较突出。     

饲料中添加乳酸杆菌对黄河鲤和建鲤正反交F1生长的影响

试验旨在研究饲料中添加乳酸杆菌对黄河鲤和建鲤正反交F1生长性能的影响。在基础饲料中分别添加乳酸杆菌含量为0(A01、A02对照组)、2×108cfu/kg(A11、A12)、4×108cfu/kg(A21、A22)、6×108cfu/kg(A31、A32)、8×108cfu/kg(A41、A42),采用室内循环水养殖系统,在水温为27.5～28.0℃的条件下,选取平均尾重(8.25±0.15)g黄河鲤和建鲤正反交F1各600尾,随机分为10组,每组设3个重复,每个重复40尾,进行56 d的生长试验。结果表明:各乳酸杆菌组的末重、增重率和特定生长率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),添加水平在6×108cfu/kg时的终末体重、增重率、特定生长率最大,且反交F1生长较快,饵料系数最低,添加水平再增加,终末体重、增重率、特定生长率降低,饵料系数增加;以终末体重、增重率、特定生长率、饵料系数为指标,采用二次多项式分析表明,黄河鲤、建鲤正反交F1饲料中乳酸杆菌的适宜添加水平为(5.8～6.0)×108cfu/kg。     

雪龙黑牛GH、CAPN1和CAST基因多态性及其与经济性状的相关性研究

本研究以大连雪龙产业集团的F2代商品雪龙黑牛为试验动物,利用PCR-RFLP技术研究生长激素(GH)、钙激活蛋白酶(CAPN1)、钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白(CAST)基因的遗传多态性,并用最小二乘法拟合线性模型对各标记基因型与肉牛经济性状进行关联分析.结果显示,GH-P3、CAPN1 316和CAST-UoG SNPs位点属于中度多态.GH-P3位点与三角牛腩厚极显著相关(P<0.01),与上脑盖重、脂色等级显著相关(P<0.05),其中AA基因型个体三角牛腩厚分别比AB和BB基因型个体厚0.42、0.60 cm,上脑盖重分别比AB和BB基因型个体重0.52、0.78 kg,脂色等级分别比AB和BB基因型个体高0.95、1.16;CAST-UoG位点与三角牛腩厚和脂肪厚显著相关(P<0.05),其中AA基因型个体三角牛腩厚分别比AB和BB基因型个体厚0.32、0.30 cm,脂肪厚分别比AB和BB基因型个体厚0.80、0.47 cm;CAPN1 316位点与所研究的经济性状无明显的相关性(P>0.05).因此,在雪龙黑牛选育过程中可以把AA基因型作为标记基因型进行品种选育.