不同净能水平日粮对育肥猪生长性能、背膘厚度及眼肌面积的影响

试验研究不同净能水平日粮对育肥猪生长、背膘及眼肌面积的影响.选择420头(38.5±0.5) kg丹系三元育肥猪,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复14头猪,公、母各半.试验A、B、C、D、E组饲粮净能水平分别为9.84、10.05、10.26、10.46和10.67MJ/kg,预试期7d,正式试验期97 d.结果 ...     

Effects of porcine leptin receptor gene polymorphisms on backfat thickness,fat area ratios by image analysis,and serum leptin concentrations in a Duroc purebred population

The leptin receptor (LEPR) gene is considered a candidate gene for fatness traits. It is located on SSC 6 in a region in which quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for backfat thickness (BF), fat area ratios, and serum leptin concentration (LEPC) have previously been detected in a Duroc purebred population. The objectives of the present study were to identify porcine LEPR polymorphisms and examine the effects of LEPR polymorphisms on fatness traits in this same population. The Duroc pigs (226 to 953 pigs) were evaluated for BF, fat area ratios using image analysis, and LEPC. A total of seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the full‐length LEPR coding region were identified in pigs from the base population. Four non‐synonymous SNPs of the LEPR gene and 15 microsatellite markers on SSC 6 were then genotyped in all pigs. During candidate gene analysis, we detected significant effects of the non‐synonymous SNP c.2002C>T in exon 14 on all traits. In fine mapping analysis, significant QTLs for BF, fat area ratios, and LEPC were detected near the LEPR gene in the same region. These results indicated that the c.2002C>T SNP of LEPR has a strong effect on BF, fat area ratios and LEPC.     

Effects of the rearing system on the quality traits of the carcass, meat and fat of the Chato Murciano pig

To evaluate the performance of the Spanish autochthonous pig breed Chato Murciano under different rearing conditions, a total of 30 castrated male pigs were used. Eighteen pigs were reared in an outdoor system, and sent to slaughter with an average age of 210 days and live weight (LW) of 124.41 kg; and 12 pigs were reared in an indoor system, and slaughtered with 119.58 kg of LW and 236 days old. The pigs reared outdoors showed a better growing rate and final live weight in relation to age, as well as higher hot and cold carcass yields, and superior weights for the most valuable meat cuts, but their morphometric parameters were similar to those of the pigs reared indoors. The rearing system did not affect many of the meat quality traits (intramuscular fat (IMF) content, pH, color, tenderness and cooking loss), but drip losses were higher in the outdoor group. The levels of IMF found in this study in both rearing systems (2.65–3.19%) were notably lower than those from previous studies, probably due to differences in the diet used. The rearing system affected the mineral and fatty acid (FA) composition. The distribution of fatty acids in both groups, with a low Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) content, can be expected to produce good quality processed products.     

托佩克(Topigs)种猪日增重与背标厚选择效果分析

文章对托佩克(Topigs)3个品系5年的日增重和背膘厚性状测定数据作选择效果分析.在对两个性状作遗传参数计算的基础上,明确了这两个性状的遗传力为中等以上,3个品系稍有差异(A系日增重和背膘厚遗传力分别为0.68和0.61;B系分别为0.67和0.48,E系分别为0.48和0.38),同一性状存在阶段性的差别.以此为基...     

Effects of different rearing systems on growth performance,carcass traits,meat quality and serum biochemical parameters of Chaohu ducks

This study was conducted using a total of 360 22‐day‐old Chaohu ducks to evaluate the effect of rearing system on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and serum parameters of male and female Chaohu ducks. The birds were divided and raised in separate pens according to sex and rearing system, with three replicate pens of 30 male or 30 female ducks per pen for each rearing system. The rearing systems consisted of a floor rearing system (FRS) and a net rearing system (NRS). Results showed that ducks raised in NRS had better growth performance, whereas, ducks raised in FRS exhibited better carcass traits and meat color, and lower intramuscular fat. For the serum parameters, NRS significantly decreased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol content, and enhanced total protein and triacylglycerol contents. Male ducks had lower abdominal fat percentage, and higher growth performance and shear force, but there were no other significant differences between sexes. No rearing system × sex interaction was observed in the present study, revealing that rearing system had the same effect on both sexes. In conclusion, NRS was beneficial to the growth performance of Chaohu ducks, whereas this system had some negative effects on carcass traits, meat quality and serum profiles.     

莱芜猪脂肪代谢酶活性的发育性变化及其对肌内脂肪沉积的影响

以40~90 kg 6个体重阶段莱芜猪和新莱芜猪共72头为试验对象,研究了不同组织中脂肪代谢酶活性的发育性变化规律及其与肌内脂肪含量、背膘厚的关系。结果表明:(1)在生长期随着体重的增大,肌肉组织中脂肪合成酶异柠檬酸脱氢酶(ICDH)活性显著高于苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)活性(P<0.01);ICDH活性在60~70 kg时达到峰值,而后开始下降,MDH活性规律不明显;脂肪分解酶激素敏感脂酶(HSL)的活性先降后升,70~80 kg时活性最高。(2)背膘中合成酶MDH活性显著高于ICDH活性(P<0.01);MDH和ICDH活性都是先降后升,但总体升降幅度不大;HSL活性40~50 kg基本稳定,而后逐步增强。(3)肝脏组织中合成酶ICDH活性显著高于MDH活性(P<0.01);ICDH、MDH活性逐渐升高,至60 kg以后其活性趋于稳定,脂肪分解酶HSL活性的发育性变化规律不明显。(4)肌肉组织中的MDH、HSL活性与肌内脂肪含量呈极显著相关(P<0.01);肝脏组织中的MDHI、CDH与肌内脂肪含量呈显著正相关,ICDH还与背膘厚呈极显著正相关;背膘组织中的MDH、HSL与背膘厚呈极显著相关(P<0.01)。研究结果提示:肌内脂肪的沉积与背膘脂肪的沉积既存在一定的内在联系(通过肝脏),又具有一定的独立性,通过选择肌肉组织中脂肪代谢酶活性,在不显著影响皮下脂肪沉积量的前提下可望提高肌内脂肪的沉积量。     

菜芜猪脂肪代谢酶活性的发育性变化及其对肌内脂肪沉积的影响

以40-90kg6个体重阶段莱芜猪和新莱芜猪共72头为试验对象，研究了不同组织中脂肪代谢酶活性的发育性变化规律及其与肌内脂肪含量、背膘厚的关系。结果表明：（1）在生长期随着体重的增大，肌肉组织中脂肪合成酶异柠檬酸脱氢酶（ICDH）活性显著高于苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）活性（P〈0．01）；ICDH活性在60-70kg时达到峰值，而后开始下降，MDH活性规律不明显；脂肪分解酶激素敏感脂酶（HSL）的活性先降后升，70～80kg时活性最高。（2）背膘中合成酶MDH活性显著高于ICDH活性（P〈0．01）；MDH和ICDH活性都是先降后升，但总体升降幅度不大；HSL活性40～50kg基本稳定，而后逐步增强。（3）肝脏组织中合成酶ICDH活性显著高于MDH活性（P〈0．01）；ICDH、MDH活性逐渐升高，至60kg以后其活性趋于稳定，脂肪分解酶HSL活性的发育性变化规律不明显。（4）肌肉组织中的MDH、HSL活性与肌内脂肪含量呈极显著相关（P〈0．01）；肝脏组织中的MDH、ICDH与肌内脂肪含量呈显著正相关，ICDH还与背膘厚呈极显著正相关；背膘组织中的MDH、HSL与背膘厚呈极显著相关（P〈0．01）。研究结果提示：肌内脂肪的沉积与背膘脂肪的沉积既存在一定的内在联系（通过肝脏），又具有一定的独立性，通过选择肌肉组织中脂肪代谢酶活性，在不显著影响皮下脂肪沉积量的前提下可望提高肌内脂肪的沉积量。     

高温与高密度对黄羽肉鸡血液生化指标和免疫机能的影响

试验选用 2 8日龄健康快大岭南黄羽肉鸡 ,采用 2 (环境温度 )× 2 (饲养密度 )因子随机分组设计 ,根据体重和性别一致原则随机分为 4组 ,每组 4个重复 ,试验饲粮各组一致。试验期 42d。结果表明 :高温与高密度对试验鸡血液生化指标、免疫指标及免疫器官重与比例具有不同程度的影响 ,而且两者对试验鸡血清Na+ 、尿酸氮、总蛋白、白蛋白含量、白蛋白 /球蛋白比值、CD8+ 含量和法氏囊重及其比例影响存在显著或极显著互作。     

Effects of rearing systems on growth performance,carcass yield,meat quality,lymphoid organ indices,and serum biochemistry of Wannan Yellow chickens

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of free‐range system (FRS) and conventional cage‐rearing system (CRS) on growth performance, carcass yield, meat quality, lymphoid organ indices, and serum biochemistry of Wannan Yellow chickens. At 56 days of age, a total of 640 male chickens were randomly allocated to FRS and CRS groups, each of which included 4 replicates with 80 chickens in each replicate. The experiment lasted from 56 to 112 days of age. The results showed that CRS chickens exhibited better final body weight, average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio, whereas FRS chickens showed better breast and leg yields, shear force, meat color, lower drip loss, and decreased abdominal fat deposition. Moreover, the absolute thymus weight and thymus to body weight ratio of FRS birds were significantly higher than those of CRS birds (p < 0.05). Additionally, FRS chickens had significantly reduced glucose, total protein, triglyceride, and cholesterol contents, but enhanced levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the FRS has advantages in breast and leg yields, meat quality, and some serum biochemical parameters of Wannan Yellow chickens, whereas it has negative effects on growth performance.     

不同精粗比全混合日粮饲养技术对南方奶牛采食行为、产奶性能和血清游离氨基酸的影响

研究了具有南方奶牛日粮类型特征的全混合日粮饲养技术不同精粗比(T1,60∶40;T2,55∶45;T3,50∶50;T4,45∶55;T5,40∶60)对奶牛的采食行为、产奶性能和血清游离氨基酸的影响。试验结果表明,在全混合日粮饲养技术下,日粮精粗比的增加,奶牛的干物质采食量从T5组的13.57 kg/d显著降低至T1组的12.70 kg/d(P<0.05),咀嚼时间从T5组的786.50 min/d极显著降低至T1组的607.83 min/d(P<0.01);奶牛的产奶量、4%标准奶产量、乳糖、乳总固形物、总非脂固形物产量均随日粮精粗比增加而显著增加(P<0.05),以60%精料添加量的T1组为最高,分别为13.92,13.25,0.65,1.73和1.20 kg/d;但对奶牛的血清游离氨基酸含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。表明在南方奶牛典型日粮采用全混合日粮饲养技术时,日粮精粗比的增加可提高奶牛的产奶性能,降低奶牛的干物质采食量、咀嚼时间,对奶牛的血清游离氨基酸含量没有显著影响。     

Body status and blood metabolites profiles during resumption of postpartum ovarian activity in yak (Poephagus grunniens)

We examined the changes in body weight (BW), back-fat thickness (BFT) and blood metabolites in relation to postpartum (PP) ovarian activity status in twenty female yaks raised under semi-intensive system. BFT and ovarian activities, like follicle development, ovulation (OV) and corpus luteum (CL) development, were monitored from 4 to 15 weeks (wk) PP using ultrasonography. Resumption of ovarian activity was confirmed with ovulation of dominant follicle (DF) and subsequent CL development, and >1 ng/ml progesterone concentration in blood plasma sample after 1week of ovulation. Yaks were further classified as cyclic (with CL), acyclic (without CL), and cystic (with >25 mm follicular cyst; FC). Within 20 weeks PP, 60% yaks resumed cyclic ovarian activity, while 25% failed to initiate cycling activity, and 15% developed follicular cysts. In all categories of yak, BW gradually decreased (p < .05) till nadir; however, nadir reached earlier (p < .05) in acyclic yaks. BFT differed (p < .05) among the yak groups, but it tended to be higher in cyclic yaks as compared to acyclic and cystic. No difference (p > .05) in non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) values was found among the different categories of yaks, whereas, beta-hydroxy butyrate (BHB) levels were higher in cystic animals as compared to acyclic and cyclic. Blood glucose levels decreased in all yaks during initial 2 weeks after calving. Our findings suggest that yaks with low BW, BFT and glucose levels, and higher BHB values were at risk of delayed resumption of ovarian activity and concomitant development of follicular cysts.     

添加剂对西藏燕麦和箭薚豌豆混合青贮发酵品质的影响

为评价乳酸菌制剂、山梨酸钾和糖蜜对燕麦与箭薚豌豆（7∶3）混合青贮发酵品质的影响,试验设对照组、乳酸菌制剂处理组（L）、0．15％山梨酸钾处理组（S）和3％糖蜜处理组（M）,分别在青贮后第30,45,60天开窖取样,测定青贮饲料发酵品质。结果表明,与对照组相比,3种添加剂均改善了混合青贮饲料发酵品质。其中乳酸菌制剂和糖蜜添加组乳酸含量、乳酸／乙酸显著（P＜0．05）高于对照组和山梨酸钾添加组,而青贮饲料pH、乙酸、总挥发性脂肪酸含量、氨态氮／总氮显著（P＜0．05）低于后两组。添加糖蜜对混和青贮饲料发酵品质的改善效果略优于乳酸菌制剂。山梨酸钾添加组乳酸含量、乳酸／乙酸显著（P＜0．05）高于对照组,乙酸、丁酸含量、氨态氮／总氮显著（P＜0．05）低于后者,但对青贮饲料pH、丙酸含量无显著（P＞0．05）影响。综上所述,3种添加剂添加效果依次为：糖蜜＞乳酸菌制剂＞山梨酸钾。     

Androgen and oestrogen receptors in the growing antlers velvet of adult and yearling pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) males

To determine the presence, quantity and distribution of androgen (AR) and oestrogen receptors (ER) in the antler velvet (AV), samples were collected from adult and yearling pampas deer males, as well as skin from the ventrolateral abdominal area (ASK). Samples were analysed with ligand-binding assays for AR and ER activity and processed for AR and ERβ immunohistochemistry. There was more content of AR in adults than in yearling males (p = 0.02), as well as a category and type of tissue interaction (p = 0.03). There was more ER content in adults than in yearling males (p = 0.005) and in the AV than in the skin (p = 0.0001). The AR-positive score (PS) was greater in AV than in ASK in the surface stroma (p = 0.0007). In the intermediate epidermis, the AR PS was greater in adults than in yearling males (p = 0.04) and in the ASK than in the AV (p < 0.0001). There was a male category and type of tissue interaction for AR PS in the sebaceous glands (p = 0.014). The ERβ PS in the surface stroma was greater in ASK than in AV (p = 0.004) and tended to be greater in yearling than in adult males (p = 0.093). The ERβ PS in the intermediate epithelium and the sebaceous glands was greater in adults than in yearlings (p = 0.004 and p = 0.007, respectively). In conclusion, we reported for the first time the presence of AR and ER in the velvet skin of growing antlers in pampas deer males. Therefore, the velvet skin is sensitive to both androgens and oestrogens. Furthermore, the greater content of oestrogen receptors in the velvet of adult males suggests that adults are more sensitive to this hormone than yearlings, and thus, oestrogens have greater importance in velvet activity regulation in adult males.     

Autologous conditioned serum: the comparative cytokine profiles of two commercial methods (IRAP and IRAP II) using equine blood

Reasons for performing study: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent and debilitating conditions affecting the horse. Autologous conditioned serum (ACS), commercially available as IRAP and IRAP II, is a recently developed treatment for OA in which plasma is prepared from venous blood by incubation with glass beads for 24 h. This product has been shown to increase anti‐inflammatory cytokines and growth factors in human blood. However, data for equine ACS preparations are lacking. Objectives: To characterise the protein profiles produced by commercially available ACS systems in equine blood. Methods: Blood was drawn from 5 horses into 6 groups: red top vacutainer (control), IRAP and IRAP II, with and without heparin. Samples were collected 1 or 24 h post draw and analysed for IL‐1ra, IL‐10, IGF‐1, TGF‐β, TNF‐α and IL‐1β using ELISAs. Results: Twenty‐four hour IRAP and IRAP II samples contained significantly higher levels of all cytokines relative to 1 h serum controls. At 24 h, IRAP II contained significantly higher levels of IL‐1ra and IRAP contained significantly higher levels of TNF‐α, compared to 24 h controls. In addition, TGF‐β, IL‐10 and IL‐1β in IRAP and IRAP II sera were similar to 24 h serum controls. The addition of heparin significantly reduced levels of IGF‐1, TNF‐α and TGF‐β, and significantly elevated levels of IL‐1ra. Conclusions: The cytokine profile that IRAP II produced is modestly better than IRAP. Incubation of whole blood in glass tubes stimulated cytokine synthesis, although not as efficiently as IRAP II. Potential relevance: Although high levels of IL‐1ra were found in ACS, elevation of other factors suggests these cytokines play a previously understated role in clinical improvements. Because ACS has been shown to alleviate clinical symptoms of OA, the present study suggests that factors other than IL‐1ra alone might be involved in its clinical efficacy. Species‐dependent elevations of cytokines warrant further investigation and optimisation of the systems appears to be necessary based on the differences between human and equine blood.     

Effect of L‐lysine on expression of selected genes,serum concentration of amino acids,muscle growth and performance of growing pigs

Lysine (Lys) is the first limiting amino acid (AA) in most feed formulations for pigs and most abundant, along with leucine, in muscle proteins. An experiment was conducted with 17 pigs (17.7 ± 0.05 kg initial BW) to identify a role of dietary Lys in the control of protein synthesis in pigs. Fourteen pigs were randomly assigned to one of the two wheat‐based dietary treatments: Lys‐deficient, 3.0 g/kg (DEF) and Lys‐adequate, 10.8 g/kg (ADE). Samples from jejunum mucosa, liver, Longissumus and Semitendinosus muscles, and blood were collected. The other three pigs were sacrificed at the beginning of the trial to measure basal carcass composition. Weight gain, gain:feed ratio, Lys intake and loin eye area were greater in ADE than in DEF pigs (p < 0.01). Muscle‐related carcass characteristics were better, and myosin heavy chain IIb expression (MyHC IIb) in Semitendinosus was higher in ADE than in DEF pigs. Expression of AA transporters CAT‐1 was lower (p < 0.05), serum Lys was higher and serum Val was lower in pigs fed the ADE diet. The higher muscularity, MyHC IIb expression in Semitendinosus muscle and Lys serum of pigs fed the ADE diet suggest that Lys increases growth rate not only by functioning as protein construction unit but also as potential control of the protein synthesis process.     

Interaction of zearalenone and soybean isoflavone in diets on the growth performance, organ development and serum parameters in prepubertal gilts

The aim of the present research was to determine the interactive effect of zearalenone (ZEA) and soybean isoflavone (ISO) on the growth performance, development of organs and serum parameters in prepubertal gilts. Ninety 75-day-old female pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 26.5 ± 0.60 kg) were randomly allocated to nine diet treatments during the 21-day study. The experiment employed a 3 × 3 factorial design using a non-soybean meal diet with the addition of 0, 0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg ZEA and 0, 300 or 600 mg/kg ISO. The results indicated that simultaneous addition of ZEA and ISO had no significant influence on the growth performance in prepubertal gilts. Zearalenone with 2 mg/kg increased (p < 0.05) the relative weight of the reproductive organs (including uterus and vagina) but had no obvious effects (p > 0.05) on the relative weight of the heart, liver, lung, kidney and spleen. Isoflavone at 600 mg/kg could offset the increased weight of the reproductive organs induced by ZEA. Simultaneous addition of ZEA and ISO to prepubertal gilts increased the level of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in the serum (p < 0.05) at day 14 but their levels decreased (p < 0.05) over time. Zearalenone increased the level of malondialdehyde and decreased the concentrations of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.05) in the serum. The results suggested that ISO added to diets at 600 mg/kg could reduce the increase in the relative weight of reproductive organs and relieve the oxidative stress induced by ZEA added at 2 mg/kg during the growth phase in prepubertal gilts.     

Comparison of the effects of supplemental Korean mistletoe (Viscum album var. coloratum) powder and antibiotic on growth performance,serum cholesterol profiles,and meat quality of broilers

Abstract

The effects of Korean mistletoe (KM) powder on the growth performance, serum cholesterol profiles, and meat quality of broiler chickens were assessed. A total of 150 male broilers (n = 30 birds/treatment) were randomly assigned to one of five groups (0.05% chlortetracycline or 0, 0.5%, 1%, or 2% KM). No significant differences were observed in growth performance, proximate composition of meat, and meat color, except for crude fat and L* values. The KM-treated groups showed significantly reduced serum cholesterol levels (but not high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol) as the amount of KM in the diet increased. Meat groups that received KM showed a decline in pH and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and an increase in total phenol and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging compared with the antibiotics and control groups. The addition of 1% and 2% KM at the optimal rate can help develop practical broiler diets and improve the antioxidant effects.     

扶正解毒散对荣昌猪生产性能及血液生理指标的影响

为探讨扶正解毒散在加强猪非特异性保护功能及促进生长速度等方面的作用,我们开展了本试验。结果表明,扶正解毒散对荣昌猪的血液生理指标和体重影响显著,可作为促进生长发育的保健药物在养殖场推广应用。     

天然放牧条件下性别对苏尼特羊肌肉组织中胆固醇、脂肪酸含量和血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究不同性别的苏尼特羊血清生化指标及肌肉组织中脂肪酸与胆固醇含量存在的差异.试验选择在天然草场放牧的8月龄羯羔、母羔各8只,禁食12h、禁水2h进行屠宰,测定背最长肌、臂三头肌、股二头肌、臀肌中的脂肪酸、胆固醇等指标.结果 显示,母羔血清中白蛋白(ALB)和钙(Ca)含量显著高于羯羔(P＜0.05),而碱性磷酸...     

猪IL-2对pcDNA-E39.VP2真核共表达质粒免疫原性的影响

为了研究猪IL-2基因的真核质粒和融合基因形式对pcDNA-E39.VP2真核共表达质粒的免疫增强作用,分别将IL-2基因插入pcDNA3.1(+)和pcDNA-E39.VP2(已构建)中构建重组质粒pcDNA-IL2和pcDNA-IL2-E39.VP2。将真核质粒pcDNA-IL2-E39.VP2免疫小鼠,另外,将pcDNA-IL2分别先于和后于pcDNA-E39.VP2 3d免疫小鼠,同时设pcDNA-E39.VP2对照组。对免疫小鼠进行PPV(JEV)抗体水平、脾脏淋巴细胞增殖功能和外周血T淋巴细胞亚群变化的检测。结果显示,1周后,pcDNA-IL2-E39.VP2免疫组和pcDNA-IL2后于pcDNA-E39.VP注射的免疫组JEV/PPV抗体水平和脾脏淋巴细胞增殖活性显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)高于对照组,pcDNA-IL2先于pcDNA-E39.VP注射的免疫组仅在第5周显著(P<0.05)高于对照组;各组(除对照组外)CD8+值差异不显著(P>0.05),CD4+、CD4/CD8值都高于对照组,其中pcDNA-IL2-E39.VP2免疫组与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01)。结果...