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1.
Quynh A. Le Maki Hirata Nhien T. Nguyen Koki Takebayashi Manita Wittayarat Yoko Sato Zhao Namula Masahiro Nii Fuminori Tanihara Takeshige Otoi 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of seven concentrations of Cas9 protein (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1,000 ng/µl) on the development and gene editing of porcine embryos. This included the target editing and off‐target effect of embryos developed from zygotes that were edited via electroporation of the Cas9 protein with guide RNA targeting Myostatin genes. We found that the development to blastocysts of electroporated zygotes was not affected by the concentration of Cas9 protein. Although the editing rate, which was defined as the ratio of edited blastocysts to total examined blastocysts, did not differ with Cas9 protein concentration, the editing efficiency, which was defined as the frequency of indel mutations in each edited blastocyst, was significantly decreased in the edited blastocysts from zygotes electroporated with 25 ng/µl of Cas9 protein compared with that of blastocysts from zygotes electroporated with higher Cas9 protein concentrations. Moreover the frequency of indel events at the two possible off‐target sites was not significantly different with different concentrations of Cas9 protein. These results indicate that the concentration of Cas9 protein affects gene editing efficiency in embryos but not the embryonic development, gene editing rate, and non‐specific cleavage of off‐target sites. 相似文献
2.
Effects of voltage strength during electroporation on the development and quality of in vitro‐produced porcine embryos
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K Nishio F Tanihara T‐V Nguyen T Kunihara M Nii M Hirata T Takemoto T Otoi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(2):313-318
This study was conducted to determine suitable conditions for an experimental method in which the CRISPR/Cas9 system is introduced into in vitro‐produced porcine zygotes by electroporation. In the first experiment, when putative zygotes derived from in vitro fertilization (IVF) were electroporated by either unipolar or bipolar pulses, keeping the voltage, pulse duration and pulse number fixed at 30 V/mm, 1 msec and five repeats, respectively, the rate of blastocyst formation from zygotes electroporated by bipolar pulses decreased compared to zygotes electroporated by unipolar pulses. In the second experiment, the putative zygotes were electroporated by electroporation voltages ranging from 20 V/mm–40 V/mm with five 1‐msec unipolar pulses. The rate of cleavage and blastocyst formation of zygotes electroporated at 40 V/mm was significantly lower (p < .05) than that of zygotes electroporated at less than 30 V/mm. Moreover, the apoptotic nuclei indices of blastocysts derived from zygotes electroporated by voltages greater than 30 V/mm significantly increased compared with those from zygotes electroporated by voltages less than 25 V/mm (p < .05). When zygotes were electroporated with Cas9 mRNA and single‐guide RNA (sgRNA) targeting site in the FGF10 exon 3, the proportions of blastocysts with targeted genomic sequences were 7.7% (2/26) and 3.6% (1/28) in the embryos derived from zygotes electroporated at 25 V/mm and 30 V/mm, respectively. Our results indicate that electroporation at 25 V/mm may be an acceptable condition for introducing Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA into pig IVF zygotes under which the viability of the embryos is not significantly affected. 相似文献
3.
Fuminori Tanihara Maki Hirata Nhien T. Nguyen Quynh A. Le Takayuki Hirano Tatsuya Takemoto Michiko Nakai Dai‐ichiro Fuchimoto Takeshige Otoi 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(1):55-61
Recently, we established the GEEP (“gene editing by electroporation of Cas9 protein”) method, in which the CRISPR/Cas9 system, consisting of a Cas9 protein and single guide RNA (sgRNA), is introduced into pig zygotes by electroporation and thus induces highly efficient targeted gene disruption. In this study, we examined the effects of sgRNA on the blastocyst formation of porcine embryos and evaluated their genome‐editing efficiency. To produce an animal model for diabetes, we targeted PDX‐1 (pancreas duodenum homeobox 1), a gene that is crucial for pancreas development during the fetal period and whose monoallelic disruption impairs insulin secretion. First, Cas9 protein with different sgRNAs that targeted distinct sites in the PDX‐1 exon 1 was introduced into in vitro‐fertilized zygotes by the GEEP method. Of the six sgRNAs tested, three sgRNAs (sgRNA1, 2, and 3) successfully modified PDX‐1 gene. The blastocyst formation rate of zygotes edited with sgRNA3 was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of control zygotes without the electroporation treatment. Our study indicates that the GEEP method can be successfully used to generate PDX‐1 mutant blastocysts, but the development and the efficiency of editing the genome of zygotes may be affected by the sgRNA used for CRISPR/Cas9 system. 相似文献
4.
The breakthrough and rapid advance of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) technology has enabled the efficient generation of gene-edited animals by one-step embryo manipulation. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated protein 9 delivery to the livestock embryos has been typically achieved by intracytoplasmic microinjection; however, recent studies show that electroporation may be a reliable, efficient, and practical method for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery. The source of embryos used to generate gene-edited animals varies from in vivo to in vitro produced, depending mostly on the species of interest. In addition, different Cas9 and gRNA reagents can be used for embryo editing, ranging from Cas9-coding plasmid or messenger RNA to Cas9 recombinant protein, which can be combined with in vitro transcribed or synthetic guide RNAs. Mosaicism is reported as one of the main problems with generation of animals by embryo editing. On the other hand, off-target mutations are rarely found in livestock derived from one-step editing. In this review, we discussed these and other aspects of generating gene-edited animals by single-step embryo manipulation. 相似文献
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6.
Generation of α‐1,3‐Galactosyltransferase‐Deficient Porcine Embryonic Fibroblasts by CRISPR/Cas9‐Mediated Knock‐in of a Small Mutated Sequence and a Targeted Toxin‐Based Selection System
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M Sato A Kagoshima I Saitoh E Inada K Miyoshi M Ohtsuka S Nakamura T Sakurai S Watanabe 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(5):872-880
The CRISPR/Cas9 system has enabled the editing of mammalian genomes; however, its applicability and efficiency in the pig genome has not been studied in depth. The α‐gal epitope synthesized by α‐1,3‐galactosyltransferase gene (GGTA1) is known as a xenoantigen obtained upon pig‐to‐human xenotransplantation. We here employed the CRISPR/Cas9 system‐mediated knock‐in of endogenous GGTA1 via targeted homologous recombination (HR). Linearized donors with ~800‐bp homology flanking the CRISPR/Cas9 target site [exon 4 (containing ATG) of GGTA1] served as a template for gene targeting by HR. Using a targeted toxin strategy to select clones lacking α‐gal epitope expression, we successfully obtained several knock‐in clones within 3 weeks of initial transfection. These results suggest that the use of CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated HR to knock‐in a mutated fragment at defined loci represents an efficient strategy to achieve the rapid modulation of genes of interest in swine cells and is a promising tool for the creation of KO piglets. 相似文献
7.
本研究旨在通过CRISPR/Cas9体外酶切法及细胞水平上的PCR扩增测序筛选出靶向食蟹猴NTCP基因具有高敲除活性的gRNA。首先通过比对食蟹猴与人类NTCP氨基酸序列,选择差异位点,即第84-87位和第157-165位氨基酸作为基因靶点序列区;利用gRNA软件设计针对上述基因靶点序列的gRNA,每个靶点设计3~4条候选gRNA序列;然后利用gRNA体外检测试剂盒,筛选出靶向NTCP基因的体外敲除活性较高的两条gRNA序列:gRNA1.2和gRNA2.1。将gRNA1.2和gRNA2.1分别插入pLV hUbC-Cas9-T2A-GFP载体中,转染食蟹猴原代肝细胞。提取转染后细胞基因组DNA,通过PCR扩增NTCP基因并将其克隆到T载体中进行测序分析。结果表明,gRNA1.2和gRNA2.1均可使NTCP基因产生移码突变,但gRNA2.1比gRNA1.2具有更高的敲除活性。本研究为下一步编辑食蟹猴NTCP基因及研究其在乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染中的功能奠定了基础。 相似文献
8.
This study was aimed to screen gRNA of efficient knockout activity targeting Macaca fascicularis NTCP gene by the CRISPR/Cas9 enzyme digestion method and PCR amplification methods in vitro.Comparing NTCP gene sequences between Macaca fascicularis and human,the sequences of NTCP gene coding amino acid 84 to 87 and 157 to 165 were chosen as gene knockout targets.3 to 4 candidate gRNA sequences were designed in two target sequence regions through gRNA software.By screening cleavage activity targeting NTCP gene in vitro,gRNA1.2 and gRNA2.1 were selected and inserted into pLV hUbC-Cas9-T2A-GFP plasmid,respectively.The genome DNA was extracted from primary hepatocytes after gRNA1.2 and gRNA2.1 being transferred,respectively.Then NTCP sequences were amplified by PCR and sequenced by being cloned into T vector.The results indicated that compared to gRNA1.2,gRNA2.1 had much higher activity to make a frame-shift mutation in NTCP gene.This study laid a theoretical foundation for further editing NTCP gene and its biological function in Macaca fascicularis. 相似文献
9.
基于CRISPR/Cas9系统的基因编辑是最新一代的基因组编辑技术,在向导RNA (gRNA)的介导下几乎可以靶向编辑任何一种基因,实现基因组的定点突变、敲除或插入。近年来将CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术应用于大基因组DNA病毒的研究,尤其是用于疱疹病毒的基因编辑已成为病毒学研究领域的最新国际热点。自2016年首次报道利用CRISPR/Cas9系统改造家禽疱疹病毒如马立克病病毒(MDV)基因组以来,短短5年时间已全面应用于家禽疱疹病毒的蛋白编码基因和非编码RNA基因的编辑、基因缺失疫苗和重组疫苗研发、抗病毒治疗以及抗病育种等领域。本文详细综述了当前CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在家禽疱疹病毒中的应用进展和最新成果,并对其面临的问题和前景进行了展望,以期为后续研究提供重要参考。 相似文献
10.
本研究旨在利用CRISPR/Cas9和λ-Red级联的技术对产肠毒素大肠杆菌(enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli,ETEC)K88的热不稳定性肠毒素(heat-labile toxin,LT)基因进行无痕敲除并获得K88 LT-缺陷菌株。通过序列比对获取LT两端同源序列,并构建包含LT边界、氯霉素筛选标记、sgRNA和LT同源臂的供体片段;将供体片段转化至ETEC K88,同时分别利用λ-Red同源重组系统和CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统,对LT基因进行敲除;通过PCR验证获得了K88 LT-缺陷菌株,并通过试验测定了敲除菌株的溶血能力和生长曲线。结果显示,λ-Red同源重组系统可成功地将LT基因替换为相应的供体片段,CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统可高效地对筛选标记进行删除,最终通过λ-Red和CRISPR/Cas9结合的基因编辑系统可成功对ETEC K88的LT基因进行无痕敲除。体外试验结果表明,K88 LT-缺陷菌株的溶血能力丧失,并且生长速度比野生型菌株减缓,LT可能和ETEC K88的致病能力和生长性能有关。表明λ-Red和CRISPR/Cas9级联的基因敲除方法可用于LT毒素基因及其他一些大肠杆菌基因的敲除。K88 LT-缺陷菌株的构建为下一步研究LT毒素的致病机制奠定基础。 相似文献
11.
Effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) supplementation during in vitro maturation culture on the development and quality of porcine embryos with electroporation treatment after in vitro fertilization
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Thanh‐Van Nguyen Manita Wittayarat Lanh Thi Kim Do Thanh Van Nguyen Masahiro Nii Zhao Namula Toshiki Kunihara Fuminori Tanihara Maki Hirata Takeshige Otoi 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(8):1207-1213
Electroporation is the technique of choice to introduce an exogenous gene into embryos for transgenic animal production. Although this technique is practical and effective, embryonic damage caused by electroporation treatment remains a major problem. This study was conducted to evaluate the optimal culture system for electroporation‐treated porcine embryos by supplementation of chlorogenic acid (CGA), a potent antioxidant, during in vitro oocyte maturation. The oocytes were treated with various concentrations of CGA (0, 10, 50, and 100 μmol/L) through the duration of maturation for 44 hr. The treated oocytes were then fertilized, electroporated at 30 V/mm with five 1 msec unipolar pulses, and subsequently cultured in vitro until development into the blastocyst stage. Without electroporation, the treatment with 50 μmol/L CGA had useful effects on the maturation rate of oocytes, the total cell number, and the apoptotic nucleus indices of blastocysts. When the oocytes were electroporated after in vitro fertilization, the treatment with 50 μmol/L CGA supplementation significantly improved the rate of oocytes that developed into blastocysts and reduced the apoptotic nucleus indices (4.7% and 7.6, respectively) compared with those of the untreated group (1.4% and 13.0, respectively). These results suggested that supplementation with 50 μmol/L CGA during maturation improves porcine embryonic development and quality of electroporation‐treated embryos. 相似文献
12.
Effect of different penetrating and non‐penetrating cryoprotectants and media temperature on the cryosurvival of vitrified in vitro produced porcine blastocysts
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Louise Katherine Bartolac Jenna Louise Lowe George Koustas Christopher Gerald Grupen Cecilia Sjöblom 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(9):1230-1239
The aim of this study was to determine the most efficient vitrification protocol for the cryopreservation of day 7 in vitro produced (IVP) porcine blastocysts. The post‐warm survival rate of blastocysts vitrified in control (17% dimethyl sulfoxide + 17% ethylene glycol [EG] + 0.4 mol/L sucrose) and commercial media did not differ, nor did the post‐warm survival rate of blastocysts vitrified in medium containing 1,2‐propandiol in place of EG. However, vitrifying embryos in EG alone decreased the cryosurvival rate (55.6% and 33.6%, respectively, p < .05). Furthermore, the post‐warm survival rates of blastocysts vitrified with either trehalose or sucrose as the non‐penetrating cryoprotectant did not differ. There was also no significant difference in post‐warm survival of blastocysts vitrified in control (38°C) media and room temperature (22°C) media with extended equilibration times, although when blastocysts were vitrified using control media at room temperature, the post‐warm survival rate increased (56.8%, 57.3%, 72.5%, respectively, p < .05). The findings show that most cryoprotectant combinations examined proved equally effective at supporting the post‐warm survival of IVP porcine blastocysts. The improved post‐warm survival rate of blastocysts vitrified using media held at room temperature suggests that the cryoprotectant toxicity exerted in 22°C media was reduced. 相似文献
13.
Nhien Thi Nguyen Maki Hirata Fuminori Tanihara Takayuki Hirano Quynh Anh Le Masahiro Nii Takeshige Otoi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(5):750-755
The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of 100% foetal bovine serum (FBS) and 100% porcine follicular fluid (pFF) as a storage medium on the developmental competence of porcine zygotes stored at 25°C for 24 hr. Moreover, we evaluated the additive effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) in the storage medium. When in vitro‐produced zygotes were stored at 25°C for 24 hr in tubes containing either tissue culture medium (TCM) 199 supplemented with 1 mg/ml bovine serum albumin (BSA), 100% of FBS or 100% of pFF, the rate of blastocyst formation was significantly higher in 100% of FBS than in BSA‐containing TCM 199. When the effects of CGA supplementation in 100% of FBS on the development of zygotes stored at 25°C for 24 hr was evaluated, more zygotes stored with 50 µM CGA developed to blastocysts compared with the other concentrations of CGA. When the formation date and quality of blastocysts derived from zygotes stored in 100% of FBS supplemented with 50 µM CGA were investigated, the highest ratio of blastocysts formation in the storage group appeared 1 day later than in the non‐stored control group. However, a higher proportion of blastocysts with apoptotic nuclei was observed in the stored group as compared to the non‐stored group. In conclusion, 100% of FBS is available for a short storage medium of porcine zygotes. The supplementation of 50 µM CGA into the storage medium improves the rates of blastocyst formation of zygotes after storage, but the quality of embryos from the stored zygotes remains to be improved. 相似文献
14.
单碱基水平上胞嘧啶碱基编辑器(CBE)的研究进展 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
尽管新一代基因编辑技术CRISPR/Cas9拥有众多优点,但在执行单个碱基水平的突变时其效率往往很低。由于DNA的双链断裂具有很多的不确定性,又加上基于供体模板的同源末端重组(homology directed repair,HDR)仅仅发生在分裂活跃的细胞中,而非同源末端连接(non-homologous end joining,NHEJ)在整个细胞周期中都可以发生,因此,传统CRISPR/Cas9在单碱基分辨率上进行基因编辑时存在一定弊端。碱基编辑器(base editor,BE)的出现则在一定程度上弥补了这一缺陷。胞嘧啶碱基编辑器(cytosine base editor,CBE)或腺嘌呤碱基编辑器(adenine base editor,ABE)都能够在不引起双链断裂的情况下实现C·G到T·A或A·T到G·C的转换,极大地提高了单碱基编辑的应用价值。本文侧重对出现较早的CBE的原理、发展、应用及存在的问题进行综述,以期为高效单碱基突变工具在生物医学和畜牧业生产中的应用提供有益的参考和借鉴。 相似文献
15.
在实验室前期利用猪肾细胞(PK-15)CRISPR/Cas9全基因组敲除文库(PK-15-GeCKO)筛选到猪流感病毒(swine influenza virus,SIV)复制相关的宿主因子磷酸十二烷基磷酸酯-葡萄糖基转移酶(ALG5)的前提下,深入研究ALG5与SIV复制的关系。本研究利用CRISPR/Cas9技术构建了包含ALG5基因向导RNA(gRNA)的质粒LentiGuide-puro-ALG5,并通过慢病毒包装感染稳定表达Cas9蛋白的新生猪气管上皮(NPTr)细胞系,采用有限稀释法筛选ALG5基因敲除的单克隆细胞株,通过靶基因组测序及Western blot验证了ALG5基因在NPTr细胞上的敲除水平,通过CCK-8试验验证基因敲除细胞和野生型细胞的细胞活性。结合TCID50和Western blot试验检测了ALG5敲除和过表达对SIV复制的影响。同时,检测了SIV感染NPTr细胞后内源性ALG5蛋白表达量的变化。最后检测了ALG5敲除对猪流感毒株F26复制的影响。结果显示:获得了ALG5敲除的NPTr单克隆细胞系(ΔALG5),ALG5基因敲除细胞与野生型细胞的细胞活性无显著差异。ALG5基因敲除显著抑制SIV的增殖,过表达促进SIV的增殖。在病毒感染条件下,随着病毒的增殖,ALG5的蛋白表达量上调。ALG5基因敲除后,也可以抑制猪流感毒株F26的复制,无毒株特异性。本研究表明,ALG5是影响猪流感病毒复制过程的一个重要宿主因子,为研究猪流感病毒的复制和致病机制奠定了基础。 相似文献
16.
Karine Campagnolo Felipe Ledur Ongaratto Camila Rodrigues de Freitas Camilo Andrés Peña Bello Bruna Rodrigues Willhelm Karine de Mattos José Luiz Rigo Rodrigues Marcelo Bertolini 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(5):574-583
Important genomic imprinting changes usually occur following the in vitro production (IVP) of bovine embryos, especially in the imprinting pattern of components of the IGF system. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a transient episomal overexpression of the IGF2 gene in bovine IVP embryos following embryo cytoplasmic microinjection (CMI) at the 1-cell stage on embryo survival, early and late developmental kinetics and morphological quality up to Day 7 of development. Selected cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured and fertilized in vitro and subsequently segregated into six experimental groups: non-CMI control group and five CMI groups at increasing doses (0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ng/μl) of a GFP vector built for the episomal expression of bovine IGF2. Zygote CMI was effective in delivering the expression vector into the ooplasm, irrespective of the groups, with 58% of positive GFP fluorescence in Day 7 blastocysts. Considering developmental rates and late embryo kinetics, the 10-ng/μl CMI vector dose promoted a lower blastocyst rate (10.4%), but for blastocysts at more advanced stages of development (93.0% blastocysts and expanded blastocysts), and higher number of cells (116.0 ± 3.0) than non-CMI controls (23.3%, 75.0% and 75.0 ± 6.8 were obtained, respectively). In conclusion, CMI at the 1-cell stage did not compromise subsequent in vitro development of surviving embryos, with the 10-ng/μl group demonstrating a possible growth-promoting effect of the IGF2 gene on embryo development, from the 1-cell to the blastocyst stage. 相似文献
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Viviana Torres Meriem Hamdi Veronica Maillo Rodrigo Urrego Jose Julian Echeverri Albeiro Lpez‐Herrera Alfonso Gutirrez‐Adn Dimitrios Rizos Maria Jesús Snchez‐Calabuig 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(1):55-62
Ascorbic acid (AC) used as antioxidant in embryo culture is very sensitive and degrades unavoidably in aqueous solution. Methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (CD) improved the stability of AC in solution to elevated temperature, light, humidity and oxidation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the complex AC‐CD during in vitro maturation (IVM) or in vitro culture (IVC) on oocyte developmental competence and subsequent embryo development and quality. AC‐CD (100 µM) was added to IVM media, and maturation level and embryo development were examined. Matured oocytes, their cumulus cells and produced blastocysts were snap‐frozen for gene expression analysis by RT‐qPCR. Besides, in vitro‐produced zygotes were cultured with 100 µM of AC‐CD and blastocysts were as well snap‐frozen for gene expression analysis. A group without AC‐CD (control?) and other with CD (control+) were included. No differences were found on maturation, cleavage or blastocyst rates. However, in matured oocytes, AC‐CD downregulated BAX, GPX1 and BMP15. In cumulus cells, AC‐CD downregulated BAX/BCL2 and GSTA4 while upregulated BCL2 and CYP51A1. The expression of SL2A1, FADS1, PNPLA and MTORC1 was downregulated in blastocysts derived from oocytes matured with AC‐CD, while in blastocysts derived from zygote cultured with AC‐CD, CYP51A1 and IGF2R were downregulated and PNPLA2 was upregulated. In conclusion, AC‐CD in both IVM and IVC media may reduce accumulated fat by increasing lipolysis and suppressing lipogenesis in blastocysts derived from both oocytes and zygotes cultured with AC‐CD, suggesting that CD improves the quality of embryos and bioavailability of AC during IVM and IVC. 相似文献
19.
J‐T Kang J Ryu B Cho E‐J Lee Y‐J Yun S Ahn J Lee D‐Y Ji K Lee K‐W Park 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(6):970-978
Pigs are an attractive animal model to study the progression of cancer because of their anatomical and physiological similarities to human. However, the use of pig models for cancer research has been limited by availability of genetically engineered pigs which can recapitulate human cancer progression. Utilizing genome editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 system allows us to generate genetically engineered pigs at a higher efficiency. In this study, specific CRISPR/Cas9 systems were used to target RUNX3, a known tumour suppressor gene, to generate a pig model that can induce gastric cancer in human. First, RUNX3 knockout cell lines carrying genetic modification (monoallelic or biallelic) of RUNX3 were generated by introducing engineered CRISPR/Cas9 system specific to RUNX3 into foetal fibroblast cells. Then, the genetically modified foetal fibroblast cells were used as donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer, followed by embryo transfer. We successfully obtained four live RUNX3 knockout piglets from two surrogates. The piglets showed the lack of RUNX3 protein in their internal organ system. Our results demonstrate that the CRISPR/Cas9 system is effective in inducing mutations on a specific locus of genome and the RUNX3 knockout pigs can be useful resources for human cancer research and to develop novel cancer therapies. 相似文献
20.
CRISPR/Cas9系统是一种新型RNA靶向的基因编辑系统。在近几年的研究中, CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术的发展十分迅猛, 因其具有经济、高效、简便的特点而广泛应用于育种、医疗、工业等领域。介绍了2种新型基因编辑技术, 阐述了CRISPR/Cas9的结构、功能以及CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术原理, 综述了该技术在牧草中的应用研究进展, 以期为利用CRISPR/Cas9系统研究牧草基因功能及改良牧草性状提供思路。 相似文献