Effects of electroporation treatment using different concentrations of Cas9 protein with gRNA targeting Myostatin (MSTN) genes on the development and gene editing of porcine zygotes

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of seven concentrations of Cas9 protein (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1,000 ng/µl) on the development and gene editing of porcine embryos. This included the target editing and off‐target effect of embryos developed from zygotes that were edited via electroporation of the Cas9 protein with guide RNA targeting Myostatin genes. We found that the development to blastocysts of electroporated zygotes was not affected by the concentration of Cas9 protein. Although the editing rate, which was defined as the ratio of edited blastocysts to total examined blastocysts, did not differ with Cas9 protein concentration, the editing efficiency, which was defined as the frequency of indel mutations in each edited blastocyst, was significantly decreased in the edited blastocysts from zygotes electroporated with 25 ng/µl of Cas9 protein compared with that of blastocysts from zygotes electroporated with higher Cas9 protein concentrations. Moreover the frequency of indel events at the two possible off‐target sites was not significantly different with different concentrations of Cas9 protein. These results indicate that the concentration of Cas9 protein affects gene editing efficiency in embryos but not the embryonic development, gene editing rate, and non‐specific cleavage of off‐target sites.     

Effects of voltage strength during electroporation on the development and quality of in vitro‐produced porcine embryos

This study was conducted to determine suitable conditions for an experimental method in which the CRISPR/Cas9 system is introduced into in vitro‐produced porcine zygotes by electroporation. In the first experiment, when putative zygotes derived from in vitro fertilization (IVF) were electroporated by either unipolar or bipolar pulses, keeping the voltage, pulse duration and pulse number fixed at 30 V/mm, 1 msec and five repeats, respectively, the rate of blastocyst formation from zygotes electroporated by bipolar pulses decreased compared to zygotes electroporated by unipolar pulses. In the second experiment, the putative zygotes were electroporated by electroporation voltages ranging from 20 V/mm–40 V/mm with five 1‐msec unipolar pulses. The rate of cleavage and blastocyst formation of zygotes electroporated at 40 V/mm was significantly lower (p < .05) than that of zygotes electroporated at less than 30 V/mm. Moreover, the apoptotic nuclei indices of blastocysts derived from zygotes electroporated by voltages greater than 30 V/mm significantly increased compared with those from zygotes electroporated by voltages less than 25 V/mm (p < .05). When zygotes were electroporated with Cas9 mRNA and single‐guide RNA (sgRNA) targeting site in the FGF10 exon 3, the proportions of blastocysts with targeted genomic sequences were 7.7% (2/26) and 3.6% (1/28) in the embryos derived from zygotes electroporated at 25 V/mm and 30 V/mm, respectively. Our results indicate that electroporation at 25 V/mm may be an acceptable condition for introducing Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA into pig IVF zygotes under which the viability of the embryos is not significantly affected.     

Generation of PDX‐1 mutant porcine blastocysts by introducing CRISPR/Cas9‐system into porcine zygotes via electroporation

Recently, we established the GEEP (“gene editing by electroporation of Cas9 protein”) method, in which the CRISPR/Cas9 system, consisting of a Cas9 protein and single guide RNA (sgRNA), is introduced into pig zygotes by electroporation and thus induces highly efficient targeted gene disruption. In this study, we examined the effects of sgRNA on the blastocyst formation of porcine embryos and evaluated their genome‐editing efficiency. To produce an animal model for diabetes, we targeted PDX‐1 (pancreas duodenum homeobox 1), a gene that is crucial for pancreas development during the fetal period and whose monoallelic disruption impairs insulin secretion. First, Cas9 protein with different sgRNAs that targeted distinct sites in the PDX‐1 exon 1 was introduced into in vitro‐fertilized zygotes by the GEEP method. Of the six sgRNAs tested, three sgRNAs (sgRNA1, 2, and 3) successfully modified PDX‐1 gene. The blastocyst formation rate of zygotes edited with sgRNA3 was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of control zygotes without the electroporation treatment. Our study indicates that the GEEP method can be successfully used to generate PDX‐1 mutant blastocysts, but the development and the efficiency of editing the genome of zygotes may be affected by the sgRNA used for CRISPR/Cas9 system.     

Livestock Gene Editing by One-step Embryo Manipulation

The breakthrough and rapid advance of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) technology has enabled the efficient generation of gene-edited animals by one-step embryo manipulation. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated protein 9 delivery to the livestock embryos has been typically achieved by intracytoplasmic microinjection; however, recent studies show that electroporation may be a reliable, efficient, and practical method for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery. The source of embryos used to generate gene-edited animals varies from in vivo to in vitro produced, depending mostly on the species of interest. In addition, different Cas9 and gRNA reagents can be used for embryo editing, ranging from Cas9-coding plasmid or messenger RNA to Cas9 recombinant protein, which can be combined with in vitro transcribed or synthetic guide RNAs. Mosaicism is reported as one of the main problems with generation of animals by embryo editing. On the other hand, off-target mutations are rarely found in livestock derived from one-step editing. In this review, we discussed these and other aspects of generating gene-edited animals by single-step embryo manipulation.     

鸡Apob基因组织表达与CRISPR/Cas9敲除系统的构建

旨在探究Apob基因在鸡肝脂质代谢过程中的功能。本研究对鸡Apob蛋白进行理化性质分析；利用RT-qPCR检测Apob基因在4周龄黄羽肉鸡组织中的表达情况，每组设置3个重复，进行3次平行试验。根据鸡Apob蛋白关键结构域，在Apob基因外显子设计3对sgRNA，构建Cas/gRNA载体；将重组质粒转染DF-1细胞后，利用T7核酸内切酶I （T7 endonuclease I，T7EI）酶切法和TA克隆测序法筛选敲除活性位点并计算敲除效率。利用RT-qPCR检测基因敲除后亚克隆细胞中Apob基因mRNA表达情况。结果表明，鸡Apob的相对分子质量为523.356 ku，平均亲水性为-0.300，为稳定的蛋白质，并且该基因主要在鸡的肝、肾和小肠组织表达。敲除载体转染至DF-1细胞后，T7EI酶切发现，Cas/gRNA6、Cas/gRNA7和Cas/gRNA8三个位点均可发挥敲除活性，TA克隆测序结果表明，三者的敲除效率分别为33.3%、65%和80%。同时，RT-qPCR结果显示，转染Cas9/gRNA7、Cas9/gRNA6、Cas9/gRNA8的细胞中Apob基因mRNA表达水平约分别下调99.96%（P<0.01）、85%（P<0.01）、47%（P<0.05）。综上所述，本研究揭示了鸡Apob基因在组织中的表达特点和蛋白的理化性质；成功构建了鸡Apob基因CRISPR/Cas9敲除载体，并筛选出最佳敲除位点，获得了Apob基因敲除的亚克隆细胞，为进一步探索Apob基因在鸡肝中的功能奠定了基础。     

Generation of α‐1,3‐Galactosyltransferase‐Deficient Porcine Embryonic Fibroblasts by CRISPR/Cas9‐Mediated Knock‐in of a Small Mutated Sequence and a Targeted Toxin‐Based Selection System

The CRISPR/Cas9 system has enabled the editing of mammalian genomes; however, its applicability and efficiency in the pig genome has not been studied in depth. The α‐gal epitope synthesized by α‐1,3‐galactosyltransferase gene (GGTA1) is known as a xenoantigen obtained upon pig‐to‐human xenotransplantation. We here employed the CRISPR/Cas9 system‐mediated knock‐in of endogenous GGTA1 via targeted homologous recombination (HR). Linearized donors with ~800‐bp homology flanking the CRISPR/Cas9 target site [exon 4 (containing ATG) of GGTA1] served as a template for gene targeting by HR. Using a targeted toxin strategy to select clones lacking α‐gal epitope expression, we successfully obtained several knock‐in clones within 3 weeks of initial transfection. These results suggest that the use of CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated HR to knock‐in a mutated fragment at defined loci represents an efficient strategy to achieve the rapid modulation of genes of interest in swine cells and is a promising tool for the creation of KO piglets.     

gRNA Screening of CRISPR/Cas9 System Targeting Macaca fascicularis NTCP Gene

This study was aimed to screen gRNA of efficient knockout activity targeting Macaca fascicularis NTCP gene by the CRISPR/Cas9 enzyme digestion method and PCR amplification methods in vitro.Comparing NTCP gene sequences between Macaca fascicularis and human,the sequences of NTCP gene coding amino acid 84 to 87 and 157 to 165 were chosen as gene knockout targets.3 to 4 candidate gRNA sequences were designed in two target sequence regions through gRNA software.By screening cleavage activity targeting NTCP gene in vitro,gRNA1.2 and gRNA2.1 were selected and inserted into pLV hUbC-Cas9-T2A-GFP plasmid,respectively.The genome DNA was extracted from primary hepatocytes after gRNA1.2 and gRNA2.1 being transferred,respectively.Then NTCP sequences were amplified by PCR and sequenced by being cloned into T vector.The results indicated that compared to gRNA1.2,gRNA2.1 had much higher activity to make a frame-shift mutation in NTCP gene.This study laid a theoretical foundation for further editing NTCP gene and its biological function in Macaca fascicularis.     

靶向食蟹猴NTCP基因的CRISPR/Cas9系统gRNA筛选

本研究旨在通过CRISPR/Cas9体外酶切法及细胞水平上的PCR扩增测序筛选出靶向食蟹猴NTCP基因具有高敲除活性的gRNA。首先通过比对食蟹猴与人类NTCP氨基酸序列,选择差异位点,即第84-87位和第157-165位氨基酸作为基因靶点序列区;利用gRNA软件设计针对上述基因靶点序列的gRNA,每个靶点设计3~4条候选gRNA序列;然后利用gRNA体外检测试剂盒,筛选出靶向NTCP基因的体外敲除活性较高的两条gRNA序列：gRNA1.2和gRNA2.1。将gRNA1.2和gRNA2.1分别插入pLV hUbC-Cas9-T2A-GFP载体中,转染食蟹猴原代肝细胞。提取转染后细胞基因组DNA,通过PCR扩增NTCP基因并将其克隆到T载体中进行测序分析。结果表明,gRNA1.2和gRNA2.1均可使NTCP基因产生移码突变,但gRNA2.1比gRNA1.2具有更高的敲除活性。本研究为下一步编辑食蟹猴NTCP基因及研究其在乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染中的功能奠定了基础。     

家禽疱疹病毒CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑最新研究进展

基于CRISPR/Cas9系统的基因编辑是最新一代的基因组编辑技术，在向导RNA （gRNA）的介导下几乎可以靶向编辑任何一种基因，实现基因组的定点突变、敲除或插入。近年来将CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术应用于大基因组DNA病毒的研究，尤其是用于疱疹病毒的基因编辑已成为病毒学研究领域的最新国际热点。自2016年首次报道利用CRISPR/Cas9系统改造家禽疱疹病毒如马立克病病毒（MDV）基因组以来，短短5年时间已全面应用于家禽疱疹病毒的蛋白编码基因和非编码RNA基因的编辑、基因缺失疫苗和重组疫苗研发、抗病毒治疗以及抗病育种等领域。本文详细综述了当前CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在家禽疱疹病毒中的应用进展和最新成果，并对其面临的问题和前景进行了展望，以期为后续研究提供重要参考。     

利用CRISPR/Cas9和λ-Red级联技术构建产肠毒素大肠杆菌LT敲除菌株

本研究旨在利用CRISPR/Cas9和λ-Red级联的技术对产肠毒素大肠杆菌（enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli，ETEC）K88的热不稳定性肠毒素（heat-labile toxin，LT）基因进行无痕敲除并获得K88 LT^-缺陷菌株。通过序列比对获取LT两端同源序列，并构建包含LT边界、氯霉素筛选标记、sgRNA和LT同源臂的供体片段；将供体片段转化至ETEC K88，同时分别利用λ-Red同源重组系统和CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统，对LT基因进行敲除；通过PCR验证获得了K88 LT^-缺陷菌株，并通过试验测定了敲除菌株的溶血能力和生长曲线。结果显示，λ-Red同源重组系统可成功地将LT基因替换为相应的供体片段，CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统可高效地对筛选标记进行删除，最终通过λ-Red和CRISPR/Cas9结合的基因编辑系统可成功对ETEC K88的LT基因进行无痕敲除。体外试验结果表明，K88 LT^-缺陷菌株的溶血能力丧失，并且生长速度比野生型菌株减缓，LT可能和ETEC K88的致病能力和生长性能有关。表明λ-Red和CRISPR/Cas9级联的基因敲除方法可用于LT毒素基因及其他一些大肠杆菌基因的敲除。K88 LT^-缺陷菌株的构建为下一步研究LT毒素的致病机制奠定基础。     

Effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) supplementation during in vitro maturation culture on the development and quality of porcine embryos with electroporation treatment after in vitro fertilization

Electroporation is the technique of choice to introduce an exogenous gene into embryos for transgenic animal production. Although this technique is practical and effective, embryonic damage caused by electroporation treatment remains a major problem. This study was conducted to evaluate the optimal culture system for electroporation‐treated porcine embryos by supplementation of chlorogenic acid (CGA), a potent antioxidant, during in vitro oocyte maturation. The oocytes were treated with various concentrations of CGA (0, 10, 50, and 100 μmol/L) through the duration of maturation for 44 hr. The treated oocytes were then fertilized, electroporated at 30 V/mm with five 1 msec unipolar pulses, and subsequently cultured in vitro until development into the blastocyst stage. Without electroporation, the treatment with 50 μmol/L CGA had useful effects on the maturation rate of oocytes, the total cell number, and the apoptotic nucleus indices of blastocysts. When the oocytes were electroporated after in vitro fertilization, the treatment with 50 μmol/L CGA supplementation significantly improved the rate of oocytes that developed into blastocysts and reduced the apoptotic nucleus indices (4.7% and 7.6, respectively) compared with those of the untreated group (1.4% and 13.0, respectively). These results suggested that supplementation with 50 μmol/L CGA during maturation improves porcine embryonic development and quality of electroporation‐treated embryos.     

Effect of different penetrating and non‐penetrating cryoprotectants and media temperature on the cryosurvival of vitrified in vitro produced porcine blastocysts

The aim of this study was to determine the most efficient vitrification protocol for the cryopreservation of day 7 in vitro produced (IVP) porcine blastocysts. The post‐warm survival rate of blastocysts vitrified in control (17% dimethyl sulfoxide + 17% ethylene glycol [EG] + 0.4 mol/L sucrose) and commercial media did not differ, nor did the post‐warm survival rate of blastocysts vitrified in medium containing 1,2‐propandiol in place of EG. However, vitrifying embryos in EG alone decreased the cryosurvival rate (55.6% and 33.6%, respectively, p < .05). Furthermore, the post‐warm survival rates of blastocysts vitrified with either trehalose or sucrose as the non‐penetrating cryoprotectant did not differ. There was also no significant difference in post‐warm survival of blastocysts vitrified in control (38°C) media and room temperature (22°C) media with extended equilibration times, although when blastocysts were vitrified using control media at room temperature, the post‐warm survival rate increased (56.8%, 57.3%, 72.5%, respectively, p < .05). The findings show that most cryoprotectant combinations examined proved equally effective at supporting the post‐warm survival of IVP porcine blastocysts. The improved post‐warm survival rate of blastocysts vitrified using media held at room temperature suggests that the cryoprotectant toxicity exerted in 22°C media was reduced.     

单碱基水平上胞嘧啶碱基编辑器(CBE)的研究进展

尽管新一代基因编辑技术CRISPR/Cas9拥有众多优点,但在执行单个碱基水平的突变时其效率往往很低。由于DNA的双链断裂具有很多的不确定性,又加上基于供体模板的同源末端重组（homology directed repair,HDR）仅仅发生在分裂活跃的细胞中,而非同源末端连接（non-homologous end joining,NHEJ）在整个细胞周期中都可以发生,因此,传统CRISPR/Cas9在单碱基分辨率上进行基因编辑时存在一定弊端。碱基编辑器（base editor,BE）的出现则在一定程度上弥补了这一缺陷。胞嘧啶碱基编辑器（cytosine base editor,CBE）或腺嘌呤碱基编辑器（adenine base editor,ABE）都能够在不引起双链断裂的情况下实现C·G到T·A或A·T到G·C的转换,极大地提高了单碱基编辑的应用价值。本文侧重对出现较早的CBE的原理、发展、应用及存在的问题进行综述,以期为高效单碱基突变工具在生物医学和畜牧业生产中的应用提供有益的参考和借鉴。     

Hypothermic storage of porcine zygotes in serum supplemented with chlorogenic acid

The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of 100% foetal bovine serum (FBS) and 100% porcine follicular fluid (pFF) as a storage medium on the developmental competence of porcine zygotes stored at 25°C for 24 hr. Moreover, we evaluated the additive effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) in the storage medium. When in vitro‐produced zygotes were stored at 25°C for 24 hr in tubes containing either tissue culture medium (TCM) 199 supplemented with 1 mg/ml bovine serum albumin (BSA), 100% of FBS or 100% of pFF, the rate of blastocyst formation was significantly higher in 100% of FBS than in BSA‐containing TCM 199. When the effects of CGA supplementation in 100% of FBS on the development of zygotes stored at 25°C for 24 hr was evaluated, more zygotes stored with 50 µM CGA developed to blastocysts compared with the other concentrations of CGA. When the formation date and quality of blastocysts derived from zygotes stored in 100% of FBS supplemented with 50 µM CGA were investigated, the highest ratio of blastocysts formation in the storage group appeared 1 day later than in the non‐stored control group. However, a higher proportion of blastocysts with apoptotic nuclei was observed in the stored group as compared to the non‐stored group. In conclusion, 100% of FBS is available for a short storage medium of porcine zygotes. The supplementation of 50 µM CGA into the storage medium improves the rates of blastocyst formation of zygotes after storage, but the quality of embryos from the stored zygotes remains to be improved.     

ALG5对猪流感病毒复制的影响

在实验室前期利用猪肾细胞（PK-15）CRISPR/Cas9全基因组敲除文库（PK-15-GeCKO）筛选到猪流感病毒（swine influenza virus,SIV）复制相关的宿主因子磷酸十二烷基磷酸酯-葡萄糖基转移酶（ALG5）的前提下,深入研究ALG5与SIV复制的关系。本研究利用CRISPR/Cas9技术构建了包含ALG5基因向导RNA（gRNA）的质粒LentiGuide-puro-ALG5,并通过慢病毒包装感染稳定表达Cas9蛋白的新生猪气管上皮（NPTr）细胞系,采用有限稀释法筛选ALG5基因敲除的单克隆细胞株,通过靶基因组测序及Western blot验证了ALG5基因在NPTr细胞上的敲除水平,通过CCK-8试验验证基因敲除细胞和野生型细胞的细胞活性。结合TCID₅₀和Western blot试验检测了ALG5敲除和过表达对SIV复制的影响。同时,检测了SIV感染NPTr细胞后内源性ALG5蛋白表达量的变化。最后检测了ALG5敲除对猪流感毒株F26复制的影响。结果显示：获得了ALG5敲除的NPTr单克隆细胞系（ΔALG5）,ALG5基因敲除细胞与野生型细胞的细胞活性无显著差异。ALG5基因敲除显著抑制SIV的增殖,过表达促进SIV的增殖。在病毒感染条件下,随着病毒的增殖,ALG5的蛋白表达量上调。ALG5基因敲除后,也可以抑制猪流感毒株F26的复制,无毒株特异性。本研究表明,ALG5是影响猪流感病毒复制过程的一个重要宿主因子,为研究猪流感病毒的复制和致病机制奠定了基础。     

山羊Zfy基因克隆分析及其敲除载体构建

旨在对西农萨能奶山羊Zfy基因进行克隆和生物信息学分析,并利用CRISPR/Cas9技术成功获得敲除Zfy基因的奶山羊成纤维细胞株,为进一步探索Zfy基因功能及性别调控提供基础数据.本研究以健康的西农萨能奶山羊为对象,采集3只3月龄公山羊睾丸组织并提取总RNA.根据NCBI中预测的山羊Zfy基因mRNA序列信息(Gen...     

In vitro development of IVF-derived bovine embryos following cytoplasmic microinjection for the episomal expression of the IGF2 gene

Important genomic imprinting changes usually occur following the in vitro production (IVP) of bovine embryos, especially in the imprinting pattern of components of the IGF system. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a transient episomal overexpression of the IGF2 gene in bovine IVP embryos following embryo cytoplasmic microinjection (CMI) at the 1-cell stage on embryo survival, early and late developmental kinetics and morphological quality up to Day 7 of development. Selected cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured and fertilized in vitro and subsequently segregated into six experimental groups: non-CMI control group and five CMI groups at increasing doses (0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ng/μl) of a GFP vector built for the episomal expression of bovine IGF2. Zygote CMI was effective in delivering the expression vector into the ooplasm, irrespective of the groups, with 58% of positive GFP fluorescence in Day 7 blastocysts. Considering developmental rates and late embryo kinetics, the 10-ng/μl CMI vector dose promoted a lower blastocyst rate (10.4%), but for blastocysts at more advanced stages of development (93.0% blastocysts and expanded blastocysts), and higher number of cells (116.0 ± 3.0) than non-CMI controls (23.3%, 75.0% and 75.0 ± 6.8 were obtained, respectively). In conclusion, CMI at the 1-cell stage did not compromise subsequent in vitro development of surviving embryos, with the 10-ng/μl group demonstrating a possible growth-promoting effect of the IGF2 gene on embryo development, from the 1-cell to the blastocyst stage.     

CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术原理及其在牧草中的应用

CRISPR/Cas9系统是一种新型RNA靶向的基因编辑系统。在近几年的研究中, CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术的发展十分迅猛, 因其具有经济、高效、简便的特点而广泛应用于育种、医疗、工业等领域。介绍了2种新型基因编辑技术, 阐述了CRISPR/Cas9的结构、功能以及CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术原理, 综述了该技术在牧草中的应用研究进展, 以期为利用CRISPR/Cas9系统研究牧草基因功能及改良牧草性状提供思路。     

Generation of RUNX3 knockout pigs using CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated gene targeting

Pigs are an attractive animal model to study the progression of cancer because of their anatomical and physiological similarities to human. However, the use of pig models for cancer research has been limited by availability of genetically engineered pigs which can recapitulate human cancer progression. Utilizing genome editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 system allows us to generate genetically engineered pigs at a higher efficiency. In this study, specific CRISPR/Cas9 systems were used to target RUNX3, a known tumour suppressor gene, to generate a pig model that can induce gastric cancer in human. First, RUNX3 knockout cell lines carrying genetic modification (monoallelic or biallelic) of RUNX3 were generated by introducing engineered CRISPR/Cas9 system specific to RUNX3 into foetal fibroblast cells. Then, the genetically modified foetal fibroblast cells were used as donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer, followed by embryo transfer. We successfully obtained four live RUNX3 knockout piglets from two surrogates. The piglets showed the lack of RUNX3 protein in their internal organ system. Our results demonstrate that the CRISPR/Cas9 system is effective in inducing mutations on a specific locus of genome and the RUNX3 knockout pigs can be useful resources for human cancer research and to develop novel cancer therapies.     

CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在家畜育种新材料创制中的研究进展

规律性成簇间隔的短回文重复序列/CRISPR相关蛋白（clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated,CRISPR/Cas）系统是最新一代能对细胞或生物体基因组进行精准编辑的基因工程技术,与前两代基因编辑技术ZFN和TALEN相比,CRISPR/Cas具有应用成本低、适用编辑范围广、打靶效率高、操作简单、可支持多位点操作等诸多优点。近年来,CRISPR/Cas系统尤其是Type II类、A型的CRISPR/Cas9系统已经作为最新一代基因编辑技术被广泛应用于提高家畜繁殖效率、生产性能、抗病性以及动物模型构建等研究中,并创制了一批基因编辑牛羊育种新材料。本文就其发展历程、技术改造和优化最新进展以及在家畜繁殖性状、生产性状和抗病性状等方面的研究应用进行综述,重点介绍了该系统在家畜育种学研究中已取得的最新进展,并就CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在家畜育种应用中现存的问题及其应用前景进行简要论述。