不同水平的青贮饲料对饲喂稻草秸秆奶牛瘤胃微生物数量和微生物蛋白合成的影响

本试验的目的是确定饲粮中青贮银合欢添加水平对奶牛瘤胃微生物种群、氮平衡和微生物蛋白合成的影响。试验采用4×4拉丁方设计,选择12头初始体重为163±16 kg、带有瘤胃瘘管的奶牛,随机分为4个组,每组3个重复,每个重复1头牛。基础日粮以100%的水稻秸秆为原料,处理组分别用30%、60%和100%的青贮银合欢替代水稻秸秆,奶牛自由采食水稻秸秆和青贮银合欢,每天按照体重的0.2%补充浓缩料。结果表明,用60%青贮银合欢替代水稻秸秆组奶牛瘤胃微生物群,尤其是纤维素分解菌、蛋白分解菌和厌氧真菌的数量显著增加(P<0.05),各组对淀粉分解菌群无显著影响(P>0.05)。原生动物种群数量随日粮青贮银合欢添加水平的增加呈线性下降(P<0.05)(P<0.05)。此外,氮平衡和微生物蛋白合成均随着日粮青贮银合欢添加水平的升高而升高(P<0.05),其中以60%青贮银合欢组最高。结论:在本试验基础上,用60%青贮银合欢替代水稻秸秆可以显著提高奶牛体内的微生物数量和微生物蛋白的合成。     

The particulate passage rate,nutrient composition and fermentation characteristics across gastrointestinal tracts in lactating dairy cows fed three different forage source diets

This study was conducted to investigate the particulate passage rate, nutrient characteristics and fermentation parameters across the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in lactating dairy cows fed cereal straws in comparison with alfalfa hay. Eighteen multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned to one of three experimental diets consisting of 55% concentrate, 15% corn silage and 30% different forage sources as follows (% of dry matter [DM]): (i) 23% alfalfa hay and 7% Chinese wild rye hay (AH); (ii) 30% corn stover (CS); and (iii) 30% rice straw (RS). The Cr‐mordanted corn silage‐neutral detergent fibre was used to estimate the passage flow at week 14. After 14‐week feeding, the animals were slaughtered to collect the gastrointestinal digesta. Dietary forage sources had little effect on the fractional passage rates in the rumen (range from 5.05 to 6.25%/hr) or hindgut (range from 4.49 to 5.24%/hr). Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration in the caecum was highest, followed by the rumen, colon and rectum, and the lowest in the abomasum and duodenum, indicating that the large intestines, especially caecum, are the important positions for carbohydrate degradation. Greater proportion of propionate and butyrate and lower acetate were found in the AH compared to CS or RS in colon, but higher acetate in abomasum was found in the cows fed CS or RS compared to AH. In conclusion, cereal straw diets did not change the particulate passage rate in the rumen and hindgut which might be mainly due to the similar DM intake among these three diets. Different forage source diets significantly changed VFA proportion in the abomasum and colon, indicating the existence of different digestion or absorption rates in these tracts among the experimental diets.     

Effects of grass hay proportion in a corn silage‐based diet on rumen digesta kinetics and digestibility in dairy cows

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of six levels of orchardgrass hay (GH) proportion (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% or 50% of dry matter) in finely chopped corn silage (CS)‐based diets on digesta kinetics of CS and GH in the rumen. Six non‐lactating, rumen‐cannulated Holstein cows were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square design. Ruminal digesta kinetics was measured by ruminal dosing of feed particle markers (dysprosium for CS, erbium for GH) followed by fecal sampling. The increase of GH proportion had a quadratic effect (P < 0.01) on total tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber. The proportion of GH did not affect the particle size distribution of rumen digesta, total weight of dry matter or NDF in the rumen. The rates of large particle size reduction in the rumen for CS tended to increase linearly with increasing GH proportion (P = 0.077). A quadratic effect (P < 0.05) was found with increasing the GH proportion for the ruminal passage rate of small GH particles, but not for CS particles. The results suggested that associative effects between CS and GH could be generated on rumen digesta kinetics when cows were fed a CS‐based diet with an increased proportion of GH.     

Effects of supplementation level and particle size of alfalfa hay on growth characteristics and rumen development in dairy calves

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of particle size (PS) of alfalfa hay on growth characteristics and rumen development in dairy calves at two levels of alfalfa supplementation. Fifty newborn dairy calves (42.7 ± 2.2 kg BW) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with the factors supplementation level (low, 8%; or high, 16% on DM basis) and PS (medium, 2.92 mm; or long, 5.04 mm as geometrical means) of alfalfa hay. In addition, a control group without alfalfa hay was used. Hence, treatments were: control (C); low level with medium PS (LM); low level with long PS (LL); high level with medium PS (HM) or high level with long PS (HL). Growth performance of alfalfa‐fed calves did not differ from control calves, but alfalfa supplementation decreased corneum thickness of the rumen wall. In alfalfa‐fed calves, post‐weaning starter intake was greater for LL calves than for LM calves. During the entire rearing period, starter intake was 26–32% higher for LL and HM calves than for LM calves. Pre‐weaning average daily gain was higher for LL and HM calves than for HL calves, but this effect was not persistent over the entire rearing period. Final body weight decreased from 86 to 79 kg when the level of long PS alfalfa hay increased from 8 to 16%, but increased from 78 to 87 kg when the level of medium PS alfalfa increased from 8 to 16%. Regardless of PS and level, morphometric characteristics of rumen wall were generally similar among alfalfa feeding groups, but corneum thickness decreased from 8.7 to 6.1 μm with greater PS at the low level. These results indicate that adequate, but not excessive, physical stimulation is required for appropriate rumen development and growth performance of dairy calves.     

不同来源吸附载体大豆糖蜜对奶牛瘤胃内环境的影响

为考察不同来源吸附载体大豆糖蜜对奶牛瘤胃内环境的影响,采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,选用3头年龄相同(3胎次)、体重相近[(500±50)kg]且安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的中国荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,分别饲喂基础日粮、豆皮糖蜜和麸皮糖蜜日粮。结果表明,豆皮糖蜜组和麸皮糖蜜组瘤胃pH均极显著高于对照组(P0.01),而豆皮糖蜜组和麸皮糖蜜组之间瘤胃pH没有显著差异(P0.05);麸皮糖蜜组瘤胃NH_3-N浓度显著低于对照组(P0.05),但与豆皮糖蜜组没有显著差异(P0.05);各处理间奶牛瘤胃各单个挥发性脂肪酸(volatile fatty acid,VFA,包括乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸和戊酸)浓度、总VFA浓度和乙丙比均没有显著差异(P0.05);但与对照组相比,豆皮糖蜜组瘤胃总VFA浓度有降低趋势;而麸皮糖蜜组瘤胃总VFA浓度有提高趋势。结果显示,在奶牛饲料中可用豆皮糖蜜替代15%玉米以及用麸皮糖蜜替代6%玉米和10%麸皮,均具有调控瘤胃稳衡的作用,且麸皮糖蜜替代效果优于豆皮糖蜜。     

酵母铬对围产前期奶牛抗氧化能力的影响

研究在日粮中添加不同水平的酵母铬对围产前期奶牛抗氧化性能的影响。选用20头体况和预产期相近的中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为4组,对照组为基础日粮,3个处理组在基础日粮中分别添加2.4、4.8和7.2g/d的酵母铬。结果显示,与对照组相比,添加酵母铬可以提高血清中总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）的活力（P〈0.01）;在4.8g/d铬水平下,与对照组相比饲喂酵母铬奶牛血清丙二醛（MDA）含量显著降低（P〈0.01）。结果表明,基础日粮添加酵母铬,0.4mg Cr/kg干物质（DM）可提高围产前期奶牛抗氧化能力。     

不同豆粕添加量的日粮对奶牛产奶性能的影响

将40头荷斯坦产奶牛随机分为4个试验组,每组10头。4种试验日粮均配制成蛋白质(CP)含量15.2%、产奶净能(NEL)6.90~7.06 MJ/kg。日粮通过调节豆粕和棉籽粕的用量改变日粮赖氨酸(Lys)含量,这样试验1组日粮赖氨酸含量为0.65%、试验2组0.62%、试验3组0.59%和试验4组0.56%。所有试验奶牛先饲喂10 d试验日粮作为预试期,然后开始70 d正试期。试验1组产奶量最高,平均为(27.13±1.53)kg/d;试验4组产奶量最低,平均为(24.40±1.56)kg/d;试验2组和3组依次为(26.18±1.37)和(25.27±1.58)kg/d;其中试验1组产奶量明显高于试验3组(P<0.01)和试验4组(P<0.01),试验2组明显高于试验4组(P<0.05)。因此,在日粮蛋白质含量保持相同和产奶净能相近的条件下,提高日粮赖氨酸含量则提高了奶牛产奶量,降低日粮赖氨酸含量则降低了奶牛产奶量;大量使用棉籽粕替代豆粕降低日粮赖氨酸含量,导致产奶量降低;尽管日粮赖氨酸含量容易提高奶牛日粮成本,由于提高产奶量,增加了产奶纯收入。使用日粮赖氨酸含量这一指标有利于评价奶牛产奶量、乳成分和经济效益。     

日粮添加碳酸氢钠对荷斯坦奶牛生产性能的影响

选择体重、胎次、泌乳期、乳脂率和产奶量基本一致的健康无病的中国荷斯坦奶牛30头,随机分成3组,分别为试验组Ⅰ,Ⅱ和对照组。试验组Ⅰ,Ⅱ奶牛日粮每日每头分别添加130、150g碳酸氢钠,对照组奶牛日粮每日每头分别添加110g碳酸氢钠,试验期28d。结果表明,试验组Ⅰ干物质采食量、粪便pH比对照组高1.41%、0.20(P0.05),非脂乳固体比对照组低0.4(P0.05);试验组Ⅱ干物质采食量、产奶量、4%标准乳、粪便pH分别比对照组高2.04%、2.01%、2.68%、0.42(P0.05),乳脂率高0.13%(P0.05),乳蛋白、非乳脂固体分别低0.36%、0.51%(P0.05)。另外,碳酸氢钠的增加使得牛乳中体细胞数显著降低,且与乳脂肪呈显著负相关(P0.05),而与乳蛋白质呈显著正相关(P0.05)。由此可知,在每头奶牛日粮中添加150g碳酸氢钠的范围内,随着日粮中碳酸氢钠的增加,能显著改善荷斯坦奶牛的生产性能,有效预防奶牛瘤胃酸中毒。     

Effects of maize grain and lucerne particle size on ruminal fermentation, digestibility and performance of cows in midlactation

This study evaluated the effects of, and interactions between, maize grain particle size (MPS) and lucerne particle size (LPS) on dry matter intake, milk production, milk composition, ruminal fermentation, microbial yield, chewing activity and nutrient digestibility in midlactation cows. Four multiparous Holstein cows with ruminal cannulas were assigned randomly to a 4 x 4 Latin square design, averaged 595 kg (SD = 52) of body weight and 121 days in milk (SD = 21) at the start of the experiment. Experimental periods were 21 days in length (14 days of treatment adaptation and 7 days of data collection). All diets were fed as total mixed ration and were formulated to meet or exceed the requirements of a 600 kg multiparous cow producing 20 kg milk/day with 4.0% fat. The ratio of concentrate to forage was 39:61 (dry matter basis). Treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial design; two levels of LPS (2.54 and 6.22 mm) were combined with concentrates based on either ground maize grain (711 mum) or cracked maize grain (1755 mum). Maize grain and LPS did not affect milk production and milk fat percentage. Milk protein percentage increased when MPS was decreased (p = 0.04). Milk urea nitrogen was lower for cows fed ground maize grain compared with cracked maize grain (118-134 mg/l, p = 0.05). Estimated microbial N supply increased 41.9 g/day for ground maize grain compared with cracked maize grain. Cows fed long lucerne (LL) hay spent more time ruminating compared with cows fed short lucerne (SL) hay ranging from 293 to 336 min/day (p < 0.001). Total time spent chewing by cows increased from 505 to 574 min/day (p = 0.002) for SL and LL respectively. Based on the results from this study, midlactation cows can be fed diets that contain ground maize grain and SL hay without leading to negative effects on ruminal pH and nutrient digestibility.     

益生菌对奶牛亚急性瘤胃酸中毒的保护作用

亚急性瘤胃酸中毒对奶牛的生产性能有很大影响,使用益生菌来稳定奶牛分娩后-产奶过渡期瘤胃pH可以减轻这种代谢紊乱的症状。因此,本试验选择了体重(741±55)kg,产奶期在(212±19.5)d的奶牛4头,试验采用4×4拉丁方设计,共4种日粮:对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理1组为日粮添加0.5 g/d米曲菌,处理2组为日粮添加2.5 g/d米曲菌,处理3组为日粮添加2 g/d粪肠球菌和酿酒酵母菌的混合物。每组经过3 w的适应期、4 d酸中毒期以及3 d恢复期。结果显示:瘤胃最大pH范围在5.6～6.0,占比最高,与适应期和中毒期的结果相似。中毒期间,其他pH范围表现为显著差异(P <0.05)。中毒期,处理3组较对照组显著提高了瘤胃pH(P <0.05),同时处理3组瘤胃pH在5.6～6.0的占比也显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。日粮添加2.5 g/d米曲菌显著降低了产奶量(P <0.05)。奶牛遭受瘤胃酸中毒后,随着时间的推移,丙酸、丁酸和戊酸含量显著升高(P <0.05),而乙酸、异丁酸和异戊酸含量显著降低(P <0.05)。除了处理3组外,其他组瘤胃乳酸含量随时间的增加而升高(P <0.05)。饲喂12 d后,处理3组较对照组显著提高了乳酸含量(P <0.05)。瘤胃白球菌和大肠杆菌含量在饲喂2 h后显著升高(P <0.05),之后在6 h达到稳定。结论 :粪肠球菌和酿酒酵母菌复合物可以缓解奶牛亚急性瘤胃酸中毒的症状,米曲菌可以调控瘤胃pH,但高剂量米曲菌添加水平对瘤胃pH无显著影响。     

体外产气法评价油菜秆与玉米、豆粕的组合效应

本研究旨在探讨不同比例的油菜秆与玉米、豆粕组合对体外瘤胃发酵及其组合效应的影响。采用体外发酵法研究油菜秆与玉米(0%, 15%, 30%)、豆粕(0%, 15%, 30%)组合的体外发酵参数及其组合效应值的变化,探索优化组合效果。结果表明,随着玉米比例的增加,乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和挥发性脂肪酸生成量相应增加,乙丙比下降。当油菜秆∶玉米∶豆粕为40∶30∶30时,培养液pH,氨态氮(NH₃-N)浓度和乙丙比均极显著下降(P<0.01);48 h产气量、潜在产气量、产气速率、乙酸、丙酸、总挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度和有机物消化率(OMD)均极显著提高(P<0.01)。以48 h产气量、NH₃-N、挥发性脂肪酸浓度和OMD的组合效应值以及综合组合效应值(AEs)为衡量指标,油菜秆∶玉米∶豆粕为55∶30∶15组合的正组合效应最大(P<0.01)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,油菜秆∶玉米∶豆粕为55∶30∶15组合的能氮比例较为合理,瘤胃发酵效率最高,为最优组合,可提高油菜杆的利用效率。     

Effects of a pantothenic acid supplementation to different rations on ruminal fermentation, nutrient flow at the duodenum, and on blood and milk variables of dairy cows

To investigate the effects of a dietary pantothenic acid (PA) supplementation on duodenal nutrient flows, blood and milk variables and especially on duodenal PA flows and PA concentrations in blood and milk German Holstein cows, equipped with cannulas in the dorsal sac of the rumen and in the proximal duodenum were used. In the first experiment of the study two dry and six lactating cows received a diet with a forage to concentrate (F:C) ratio of 34:66 (high concentrate, HC), whereas in the second experiment a diet with a F:C ratio of 66:34 (high forage, HF) was fed to four dry and five lactating cows. The cows received both rations with or without 1 g PA/day. By supplementing PA to the HC ration, the molar percentage of acetic acid increased, whereas the concentration of total short chain fatty acids, the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen and the serum glucose levels, decreased. With the HF ration the PA decreased the molar percentage of propionic acid and increased the amount of ruminally fermented organic matter. Furthermore, PA supplementation only increased the duodenal PA flow with the HF ration, while the serum and milk PA concentrations and milk PA yields were not affected. Based on the results of the present study, a rumen-unprotected supplementation of PA makes no sense.     

Faecal characteristics and milk production of dairy cows in early-lactation fed diets differing in forage types in commercial herds

Effects of grass–clover silage (GCS) alone or combined with whole-crop cereal silage, maize silage (MS) or ensiled pressed sugar beet pulp (EPSB) on faecal characteristics and performance of early-lactation dairy cows were studied in 26 herds. Data were analysed with herd as the experimental unit and correlation coefficients among the variables were estimated. Feeding MS combined with GCS resulted in faeces of a firmer consistency (P?P?r?=?0.83, P?r?=??0.54, P?r?=?0.63, P?相似文献   

Metabolic and productive response to ruminal protein degradability in early lactation cows fed untreated or xylose‐treated soybean meal‐based diets

Effects of different dietary rumen undegradable (RUP) to degradable (RDP) protein ratios on ruminal nutrient degradation, feed intake, blood metabolites and milk production were determined in early lactation cows. Four multiparous (43 ± 5 days in milk) and four primiparous (40 ± 6 days in milk) tie‐stall‐housed Holstein cows were used in a duplicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with four 21‐day periods. Each period had 14‐day of adaptation and 7‐day of sampling. Diets contained on a dry matter (DM) basis, 23.3% alfalfa hay, 20% corn silage and 56.7% concentrate. Cows were first offered alfalfa hay at 7:00, 15:00 and 23:00 hours, and 30 min after each alfalfa hay delivery were offered a mixture of corn silage and concentrate. Treatments were diets with RUP:RDP ratios of (i) 5.2:11.6 (control), (ii) 6.1:10.6, (iii) 7.1:9.5 and (iv) 8.1:8.5, on a dietary DM% basis. Different RUP:RDP ratios were obtained by partial and total replacement of untreated soybean meal (SBM) with xylose‐treated SBM (XSBM). In situ study using three rumen‐cannulated non‐lactating cows showed that DM and crude protein (CP) of SBM had greater rapidly degradable fractions. The potentially degradable fractions were degraded more slowly in XSBM. Treatment cows produced greater milk, protein, lactose, solids‐non‐fat and total solids than control cows. Increasing RUP:RDP reduced blood urea linearly. Feed costs dropped at RUP:RDP ratios of 6.1:10.6 and 7.1:9.5, but not at 8.1:8.5, compared with the 5.2:11.6 ratio. Intake of DM and CP, rumen pH, blood glucose, albumin and total protein, faecal and urine pH, changes in body weight and body condition score, and milk lactose and solids‐non‐fat percentages did not differ among treatments. Results provide evidence that increasing dietary RUP:RDP ratio from 5.2:11.6 to 7.1:9.5 optimizes nitrogen metabolism and milk production and reduces feed costs in early lactation cows. Reduced blood urea suggests reprodutive benefits.     

鞣酸对奶牛饲料利用、产奶和抗氧化状态的影响

本研究旨在探讨日粮中添加富含鞣酸的柿子皮对泌乳期奶牛饲料利用、产奶和抗氧化状态的影响.试验将平均体重为(348.85±8.98)kg、泌乳量为(7.20±0.56)kg/d的8头奶牛随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复1头奶牛.对照组饲喂玉米-米糠-菜粕型日粮,处理组在日粮中添加10％柿子皮(鞣酸含量为1.2?mg/k...     

Effects of using thermally treated lupins instead of soybean meal and rapeseed meal in total mixed rations on in vitro microbial yield and performance of dairy cows

The objective was to study whether thermally treated lupins (TTL) can replace solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM) and rapeseed meal (RSM) in dairy cow rations. Three total mixed rations (TMR) were used. They differed in the inclusion of the main protein feeds (TTL alone, TTL + RSM and RSM + SBM) but were equal in organic matter digestibility and metabolizable energy content. In vitro organic matter fermentation was not significantly different between the TMR. Efficiency of microbial crude protein (MCP) synthesis was significantly higher for TMR RSM + SBM than for TTL. In vitro gas production potential was similar for the three TMR. The maximal rate of gas production was achieved later in TMR TTL than in RSM + SBM. Feed intake of dairy cows was significantly lower when TMR TTL was fed than when TMR TTL + RSM or RSM + SBM were fed. Milk yield was significantly lower with the high inclusion rate of TTL in comparison with the other TMR. The contents of milk protein and milk fat were significantly lower when the two TTL containing TMR were fed in comparison with the RSM + SBM ration. Effects of TTL inclusion on MCP synthesis may affect the amino acid supply to the duodenum of cows to a greater extent than differences in the degradability of feed proteins.     

The effect of feed regimen on chewing time, digesta passage rate and particle size distribution in Holstein non-lactating cows fed pasture ad libitum

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding regimen on chewing activity and ruminal passage of digesta in non-lactating cows fed pasture ad libitum. Six ruminally fistulated Holstein dry cows (mean ± SD; parity = 3.7 ± 0.5, length of pregnancy = 28 ± 2 W, BW = 692 ± 75 kg) were assigned randomly to two dietary treatments using a crossover design; three cows were rotationally grazed pasture (treatment G) and the other was fed harvested pasture ad libitum in confinement (treatment C). Passage of digesta was measured by fecal marker excretion using Co-EDTA and Dysprosium (Dy) labeled grass as fluid phase maker or solid phase marker, respectively. Particle size distribution of ruminal digesta and feces was measured by wet sieving method. No significant difference in dry matter intake (DMI) between treatments was observed. Eating time in treatment G (517 min/day or 38.6 min/kg DMI) was longer treatment C (384 min/day or 31.0 min/kg DM). Chewing time per DMI was similar in both treatments (70.0 vs. 66.1 min/kg DMI). Ruminal liquid outflow rate and rumen volume of cows in treatment G were significant higher and lower than treatment C (9.9 vs. 12.2%/h and 111.0 vs. 79.9 L, respectively). The mean retention time in small particle pool to be able to pass through the reticulo-omasum orifice (CMRT₂) in cows of treatment C was longer (P < 0.05) than that for treatment G.. Logarithmic particle distribution and mean particle size of ruminal digesta at 24 h after feeding and feces particles had no significance between treatments. These results indicated that ingestive behavior of dry cow affected on eating time and ruminal volume, and it might have caused the higher ruminal liquid and particulate passage rate in treatment G compare to treatment C, with minimal effect on the particle size of digesta to pass from the rumen.     

Effect of replacing corn with brown rice grain in a total mixed ration silage on milk production,ruminal fermentation and nitrogen balance in lactating dairy cows

Nine multiparous Holstein cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design to determine the effects of substituting corn grain with brown rice (BR) grain in total mixed ration (TMR) silage on milk yield, ruminal fermentation and nitrogen (N) balance. The TMR silages were made from the ensiling of TMR containing (dry matter basis) 50.1% forage in rice silage and corn silage combination, and 49.9% concentrate. The grain portion of the diets contained 31.2% steam‐flaked corn, 31.2% steam‐flaked BR or an equal mixture of corn and BR. Dietary treatments did not affect dry matter intake, milk yield and milk fat, protein and lactose yields. The ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acid concentrations were not affected by dietary treatment. The urinary N excretion decreased linearly (P < 0.01) in response to increased levels of BR, with no dietary effect on N intake, N secretion in milk and fecal N excretion. Our results indicate that steam‐flaked BR is a suitable replacement for steam‐flaked corn in dairy cow diets, and that it can be included in rations to a level of at least 31.2% of dry matter without adverse effects on milk production, when cows were fed rice silage and corn silage‐based diets.     

小麦秸秆与米糠粕瘤胃体外发酵组合效应研究

为了探讨小麦秸秆与米糠粕间的组合效应,采用体外产气法评价了小麦秸秆与米糠粕按100:0(RBM0)、75:25(RBM25)、50:50(RBM50)、25:75(RBM75)、0:100(RBM100)的比例组合后的发酵特性。结果表明,1)在产气特性方面,随着米糠粕比例的增加,12,24,48 h累计产气量(GP)、理论最大产气量(HM)和产气速率(B)逐渐增大,而体外延滞时间(Lag)逐渐降低,各比例之间差异显著(P<0.05)。2)在体外发酵12,24,48 h时,当米糠粕占25%时,小麦秸秆与米糠粕的产气量产生最大组合效应(P<0.05)。3)当米糠粕占75%时,小麦秸秆与米糠粕的干物质降解率(DMD)、中性洗涤纤维降解率(NDFD)、酸性洗涤纤维降解率(ADFD)最大,各比例之间差异显著(P<0.05);当米糠粕占25%时,小麦秸秆与米糠粕的DMD产生最大的组合效应(P<0.05);当米糠粕占75%时,小麦秸秆与米糠粕的NDFD、ADFD产生最大组合效应(P<0.05)。4)当米糠粕占75%时,小麦秸秆与米糠粕组合体外发酵48 h的乙酸、丙酸、丁酸以及总挥发性脂肪酸浓度最高,乙酸/丙酸最低。5)48 h累计产气量、产气速率与干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、粗灰分(Ash)以及中性洗涤可溶物(NDS)极显著正相关(P<0.01),与中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、有机物(OM)、半纤维(HC)以及中性洗涤可溶物/粗蛋白(NDS/CP)呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);理论最大产气量与DM、CP、Ash、NDS显著正相关(P<0.05),与NDF、ADF、OM和HC显著负相关(P<0.05);Lag与NDS/CP极显著正相关(P<0.01)。本试验结果提示,在本试验条件下,从产气量及干物质降解率的组合效应方面来看,小麦秸秆与米糠粕的最优组合是75:25;从纤维降解率的组合效应方面来看,小麦秸秆与米糠粕的最优组合是25:75。