灌水对节水小麦“衡观35”产量、蛋白质含量及光合性能的影响

水分是限制小麦产量和品质提高的关键因素。为探究不同时期灌水对冬小麦产量、农艺性状、籽粒品质及光合性能的影响，在自动防雨水肥控制池中设置4个春季水分处理：不灌水(对照，W1)、仅拔节期灌水1050m³/hm²(W2)、仅开花期灌水1050m³/hm²(W3)和拔节期525m³/hm²⁺开花期525m³/hm²(W4)。结果表明，W1处理籽粒蛋白质含量最高，W2处理蛋白质产量最高，W3处理籽粒产量最高，W4处理光合性能最稳定。与W1处理相比，灌水影响小麦旗叶的光合性能，使其净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度和蒸腾速率增大；拔节期灌水可增加叶片叶绿素含量，促进植株干物质积累，提高籽粒蛋白质产量，通过增加单位面积穗数和穗粒数而增加生物产量；开花期灌水促进籽粒长、宽增大，增大库容量，通过增加粒重而提高籽粒产量。通过比较拔节期灌水后至开花期未灌水前W1、W4和W2处理发现，灌水使最大净光合速率和光饱和...     

不同光质对菊花组培苗生长的影响

本文研究新型光源LED辐射的不同光质对菊花组培苗生长的影响,以期为植物组培专用LED光源的研发提供数据支持和理论依据。以菊花组培苗为试材,采用LEDs光源发射的单色光谱红光[(658±20) nm]、蓝光[(460±20) nm]、远红光[(730±20) nm]和绿光[(530±20) nm],进行不同光质配比组合,荧光灯作为对照,对组培苗形态、生根,色素含量,碳氮代谢及抗氧化酶系活性进行差异比较。菊花组培苗在红光下徒长,能效最大。蓝光下矮壮,根系活力最大,复合LEDs光质下,组培苗形态正常。RBG处理的菊花组培苗叶片色素含量最高。红光有利于叶绿素b的合成,蓝光有利于叶绿素a的合成。单频红光处理的菊花叶片淀粉含量最高,RBG处理的叶片可溶性糖、碳水化合物蔗糖、游离氨基酸含量最高。蓝光有利于蛋白质的合成,LEDs光质处理的叶片C/N比高于荧光灯。随着LEDs技术的改进与发展, LEDs光照系统将会替代荧光灯成为植物组织培养的理想光源。     

不同光质对叶用莴苣光合作用及叶绿素荧光的影响

通过研究不同光质(白光、红光、黄光和蓝光)对叶用莴苣叶片光合和叶绿素荧光特性的影响,结果表明：不同光质对叶用莴苣叶绿素含量和Chla/Chlb影响差异显著。不同光质对叶片的净光合速率和CO2羧化效率影响很大,净光合速率以红光处理最强,黄光次之;CO2羧化效率以黄光的最大,红光次之。不同光质处理下叶用莴苣叶片的ΦPSII、ETR、qP、NPQ都以黄光处理最大,红光次之,Fv/Fm以红光下最大,黄光次之,蓝光最小。由此表明,黄光最有利于叶用莴苣的生长发育。     

冬小麦灌浆期光合参数及产量对土壤高湿和干旱变化的响应

为研究土壤湿度变化对冬小麦光合参数和产量变化的影响机制,在防雨棚人工控制灌水,设置土壤高湿、中度干旱、重旱、对照4个处理的田间冬小麦试验,研究土壤水分变化对灌浆期冬小麦光合参数及产量的影响。结果表明：冬小麦灌浆期叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度随土壤水分降低而降低。重旱处理冬小麦叶片胞间CO₂浓度与对照相近,引起光合作用下降的主要原因是非气孔因素限制。土壤高湿冬小麦叶片有效利用光强区间拉大,而土壤干旱胁迫叶片有效利用光强的区间缩小,土壤高湿和干旱胁迫叶片夜间呼吸作用都提高,干旱逆境胁迫白天光合作用受限减弱,夜间呼吸作用增强,消耗营养增多,“一减一增”是其籽粒瘪秕,产量低的生理原因。土壤高湿和干旱影响冬小麦灌浆期籽粒干物质输送、积累的源库匹配。高湿处理叶片的绿色器官光合产物输送籽粒占主导,开花前营养器官干物质转运、贡献率变小;干旱逆境胁迫下,叶片等绿色器官光合产物少,输送籽粒干物质减少,但花前营养器官干物质转运、贡献率相对增大;收获指数土壤高湿和对照基本相近,干旱处理较对照明显偏小。     

不同光质对马铃薯腋芽薯结薯特性及光合性能的影响

将“延薯4号”单叶节茎段转入白光、红光、蓝光、红蓝光（4:1）下,测定了腋芽薯结薯特性、蔗糖和淀粉含量及光合性能等指标。结果表明,蓝光处理腋芽薯形成最早,单薯重和结薯率最高;在腋芽薯形成过程中,叶片蔗糖含量、干物质含量、叶绿素a（Chla）、叶绿素b（Chlb）、净光合速率（P_n）、相对电子传递速率（ETR）、光化学猝灭系数（q_P）、实际量子产量（Y_PSⅡ）显著高于其他光质处理;红光处理叶片的蒸腾速率（T_r）、胞间二氧化碳浓度（C_i）、气孔导度（G_s）显著高于其他光质处理,蓝光处理最低;相同扦插时间叶片的潜在最大光能利用率（F_v/F_m）在不同光质处理间无显著性差异。基于上述结果,蓝光为诱导马铃薯单叶节茎段腋芽薯的理想人工光源。     

LED补光对番茄光合特性的影响

为找出适于番茄生长的最佳光谱成分,采用发光二极管(light-emitting diode,LED)研究不同光质处理对番茄‘菜都5号’叶片光合特性的影响。结果表明,补光改变了番茄叶片光合速率日变化规律,使番茄光合速率日变化曲线由“单峰”型变为“双峰”型;LED光源虽然可以延长光合作用时间,但对胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度和蒸腾速率的影响不明显。LED光源对番茄光合速率的影响因光质而异,红灯和蓝灯的光合速率显著大于绿灯,这表明红灯和蓝灯比绿灯更有利于增加番茄的光合速率,促进番茄叶片内有机物质的积累。     

光温耦合对日光温室番茄生长、产量与品质的影响

为研究根区温度与LED补光耦合对日光温室番茄生长发育的影响,试验设置了根区加温、2种光照强度与2种光质配比3因素裂区试验,另外设置了根区不加温与不补光对照,共10种组合处理。结果表明：根区加温与补光都能显著促进番茄的生长发育,提早番茄上市时期与提高番茄的营养品质,其中补光密度为40 μmol/(m2·s)更能显著提高番茄的生长与产量以及果实品质;而补光光质红蓝比为3:2时更能促进番茄生长以及提高番茄的产量,但光质红蓝比为1:1时,更有利于提早番茄果实前期转色日期,且能增加番茄果实的糖度。另外,根区加温与光强耦合相比于根区加温与光质耦合效应更能促进番茄生长以及提高番茄的产量。总体表明,根区加温与光密度为40 μmol/(m2·s)及光质为红蓝比3:2的耦合处理更符合日光温室番茄生产需要。     

微喷带灌溉对小麦灌浆期冠层温湿度变化和粒重的影响

2012—2013和2013—2014年度田间试验中设小麦灌浆初期不灌水(W0)、畦灌(W1)和小麦专用微喷带灌溉(W2)3个处理,并在灌浆中后期设置不同微喷时间和水量处理,以明确微喷带灌溉对小麦灌浆期冠层温、湿度和粒重的影响。灌浆初期10:00进行W2处理,当日中午穗层温度降低6.8~11.3℃,降幅明显大于W1处理;灌水后第2~4天与W1无显著差异,第4天与W0无显著差异。W2处理当日叶片水势显著大于W1处理,当日光合速率和次日叶片水势与光合速率及千粒重和籽粒产量均与W1无显著差异,且显著大于W0处理;W2的灌水利用效率显著大于W1处理。在小麦灌浆后期于10:00、12:00、14:00时采用微喷带喷水5 mm和10 mm均显著降低冠层温度,提高冠层相对湿度、旗叶水势和群体光合速率,且微喷时间越早越有利。本试验结果表明,小麦灌浆初期微喷补灌或中后期在预报高温当天10:00时微喷补水5~10 mm,可显著提高粒重和籽粒产量。     

Breeding progress in morpho-physiological,agronomical and qualitative traits of durum wheat cultivars released in Italy during the 20th century

Fourteen durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cultivars introduced in Italy between 1900 and 1990 were grown for 2 years (2001 and 2002) at Foggia (Italy) in field trials with three agronomic treatments in order to assess the genetic improvement in agronomic and qualitative parameters. The traits were measured in the field to describe the biomass production and its partitioning to the grain, the phenological behaviours and the photosynthetic properties. Grain protein content, alveograph's W-index, carotenoid pigments content, ash content and the glutenin and gliadin subunit compositions were then measured to assess grain quality. The results showed that differences in agronomic traits among durum wheat cultivars released in Italy in the last century are generally similar to differences observed in hexaploid wheat, with an annual genetic yield gain of 19.9 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. The genetic gain was most clearly associated with a higher kernels number m⁻² indicating a larger grain-sink size and a higher number of spikes m⁻². The gradual reduction in plant height associated with an increased harvest index has represented the main breeding goal with an effect on the sink capacity and on the biomass partitioning. The progressive incorporation into recent cultivars, of favourable alleles (7 + 8 glutenin subunit composition) coding for superior quality subunits reflects the improvement in pasta making quality of the recent genotypes.     

Fourteen years of applying zero and conventional tillage,crop rotation and residue management systems and its effect on physical and chemical soil quality

Soil management systems may negatively affect the quality of the soil. Policymakers and farmers need scientific information to make appropriate land management decisions. Conventional (CT) and zero tillage (ZT) are two common soil management systems. Comparative field studies under controlled conditions are required to determine the impact of these systems on soil quality and yields. The research presented studied plant and soil physical and chemical characteristics as affected by different agricultural management practices, i.e. ZT and CT, cropped with continuous wheat or maize in monoculture (M) or in a yearly rotation (R) of these two crops, either with residue retention (+r) or without residues retention (?r), in an experimental field in the Transvolcanic Belt of Mexico after 14 years. The dominant factors defining soil quality were organic C, total N, moisture, aggregate stability, mechanical resistance, pH and EC. The principal component combining the variables organic C, total N, aggregate stability and moisture content showed the highest correlations with final yield (R = 0.85 for wheat and 0.87 for maize).After 14 years of continuous practice, ZTM + r and ZTR + r had the best soil quality and produced the highest wheat and maize yields of average 2001–2004 (6683 and 7672 kg ha^?1 and 5085 and 5667 kg ha^?1, respectively). Removing the residues, i.e. treatments ZTM ? r with maize (average 2001–2004: 1388 kg ha^?1) and ZTR ? r and CTR ? r with wheat (average 2001–2004: 3949 and 5121 kg ha^?1), gave the lowest yields and less favourable soil physical and chemical characteristics compared to the other practices. It was found that zero tillage with residue retention is a feasible management technology for farmers producing maize and wheat in the agro-ecological zone studied, resulting in a better soil quality and higher yields than with the conventional farmer practice (maize monoculture, conventional tillage and residue removal).     

Carbon assimilation,leaf area dynamics,and grain yield in contemporary earlier- and later-senescing maize hybrids

Maize breeding during the past 50 years has been associated with a delay of leaf senescence, but it is not clear whether this trait is likewise associated with higher grain yield in modern hybrids. Post-silking growth, leaf area dynamics, photosynthetic parameters and yield were compared in modern maize hybrids differing in canopy senescence rate. In the first two experiments, four hybrids were grown in the field at Balcarce, Argentina (37°45′ S, 58°18 W). In spite of differences in chlorophyll retention and photosynthesis of the ear leaf, post-silking growth and grain yield were very similar in all four hybrids while kernel N concentration was lower in the later-senescing hybrids. In a third experiment, a later-senescing (NK870) and an earlier-senescing (DK682) hybrid were grown to analyze the potential photosynthetic contribution of delayed leaf senescence. Leaf area and chlorophyll content were larger in NK870, especially at the lower canopy level (0.75 m above the ground). However, hybrids did not differ for canopy light interception. Because photosynthetic photon flux density below 1 m above the ground was less than 10% of incident radiation and photosynthesis quantum yield did not change during senescence, the potential photosynthetic output of lower leaves below 1 m was very low. Lower leaves of NK870 had N concentrations higher than those needed to sustain photosynthesis at the light conditions below 1 m. Therefore, we show that delayed senescence does not necessarily improve post-silking C accumulation because: (i) canopy light interception is not reduced by senescence except at very late stages of grain filling; (ii) contrasting hybrids show more pronounced senescence differences at canopy levels receiving less than 10% of incident radiation; (iii) delayed senescing hybrids present lower kernel N concentrations while extra N is retained in leaves exposed to a light limiting micro-environment. Delayed senescence at lower canopy levels may be unproductive, at least under non-stressing conditions.     

减氮适墒提高冬小麦旗叶光合潜力和籽粒产量

针对目前小麦高产栽培中大量投入氮肥引起的土壤板结、肥效降低等突出问题,2013-2014和2014-2015年度大田条件下设置自然降水(W1)、适墒(W2, 70%±5%)、足墒(W3, 80%±5%) 3个水分处理和3个氮肥水平处理,即不施氮肥(N1)、减氮(N2, 195 kg hm-2)和高氮(N3, 270 kg hm-2),研究了不同水肥条件对冬小麦旗叶功能期内光响应曲线特征参数、水分利用效率和籽粒产量及其构成因素的影响。在W1和W2条件下,N2处理不同时期旗叶净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)的光响应曲线逐渐上升的幅度均高于N1和N3处理,胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)光响应曲线下降的幅度也大于N1和N3处理;在W3条件下,N2、N3光响应曲线的变化趋势相近。N2W2处理的旗叶光合参数在开花期最具优势,最大净光合速率为33.20 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1,光饱和点达1507.4 μmol m?2 s?1,分别比其他处理平均提高21.4%和9.5%,而光补偿点最低,表现出较高的光合潜能。连续两年产量结果显示,N2W2处理穗粒数和千粒重在9个处理中最高,差异显著(P < 0.01);籽粒产量在9500 kg hm-2以上,水分利用效率比W2和W3条件下的其他处理平均提高18.8%。上述结果表明,在适墒条件下施氮量从270 kg hm-2减少至195 kg hm-2,能充分发挥旗叶功能期的光合潜力,增加穗粒数和千粒重,提高籽粒产量。     

光质对黄瓜幼苗绿色叶片叶绿素荧光的影响

以北方白黄瓜幼苗为试材,用蓝、绿、红发光二级管(LED)单色光进行单色光和混合光照射诱导处理,分析了光质对Fp685、Fp735、Fp685/ Fp735、F685、F735、 F685/ F735和Y（II）的影响。3种LED单色光源（蓝、绿、红）照射诱导下,随着光强的增加白黄瓜叶片叶绿素荧光曲线OJIP中P点呈现快速上升趋势。其中,Fp685主要表现为蓝光>绿光>红光;而Fp735均表现为绿光下高,红蓝光下低;Fp685/ Fp735荧光比值均表现为蓝光最高,绿光和红光下较低。混合光得到的荧光曲线的P点出现早于单色光照射,且P混合>P单色光加和。混合光荧光值计算得到的F685/F735比值始终低于单色光荧光加和值计算得到的F685/F735比值。各个单色光质下的PSⅡ实际光化学量子产量表现为：Y（II）绿光> Y（II）红光> Y（II）蓝光。     

水氮耦合对滴灌冬小麦光合特性、产量及水氮利用效率的影响

旨在明确水氮耦合对滴灌下超高产冬小麦光合特性和产量的影响。本研究采用裂区试验,研究了3种灌水量2775 m3/hm2(W1)、3900 m3/hm2(W2)、4350 m3/hm2(W3)水平与3 种施氮量0 kg/hm2(N0)、180 kg/hm2(N1)、270 kg/hm2(N2)水平对‘新冬41 号’旗叶叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量、光合速率、水分利用效率以及产量的影响。结果表明,水氮同时增加对花后旗叶叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量、旗叶光合速率,水分利用效率和产量的提高比仅增加水或氮的作用更大,均以W2N2、W3N2处理花后旗叶叶绿素（分别较W1N0增加44.5%、41.2%）和可溶性蛋白含量（分别较W1N0增加20.8%、16.85%）、光合速率（分别较W1N0增加46.4%、54.5%）、水分利用效率（分别较W1N0 增加31.9%、34.7%）和产量（分别较W1N0 增加19.05%、20.86%）较高,W2N2、W3N2处理的旗叶光合性能大幅度提高是其产量较高的重要原因。综合水氮利用效率,W2N2(3900 m3/hm2、270 kg/hm2)是本试验条件下冬小麦产量近9000.0 kg/hm2的水氮高效运筹模式。     

不同比例红蓝光对烟苗生长及碳氮代谢的影响

为探索湖南冬季烤烟漂浮育苗补光技术,研究不同比例红蓝光对烟苗根系和叶片生长及主要碳氮代谢产物及酶活性的影响。试验分别采用蓝光与红光1:3、1:1、3:1比例组合的 LED灯,并且与日光灯组合成不同照光强度光源对烟苗进行光照处理。研究结果表明,光质和照光强度对烟苗的出叶时间影响不大;照光强度达到7200 lx以上且红光︰蓝光比为3:1时,烟苗生长最好。红光︰蓝光为3:1有利于叶片叶绿素的合成及生长,而红光︰蓝光为1:3可促进根系生长和根系活力提高。组合光源光照下蓝光强度占总照光强度的5%~15%时,对烟苗的茎的作用尤为明显。随着照光强度增加,组合光源中红光︰蓝光为3:1处理的烟苗叶片可溶性总糖含量和转化酶活性显著提高;组合光源中红光︰蓝光为1:3处理烟苗叶片的蛋白质含量和硝酸还原酶活性显著提高。光质及光照强度对烟苗叶绿素合成、碳氮代谢具有十分灵敏的调节作用。合理光照可促进烤烟幼苗根系与叶片的生长。     

光温处理对甘蔗试管苗光合自养生根的影响

为了提高甘蔗试管苗光合自养生根的成功率,设置了不同季节光温、光补偿和不同光质处理,通过调查无根试管苗生根率、存活率、苗高、根长和单株根数,分析这些因素对无根试管苗生根和生长的影响。结果表明,冬季低温弱光照时期甘蔗试管苗光合自养生根的生根率和存活率比夏季高温强光照时降低。冬季光补偿可以促进无根试管苗植株生长和根系伸长,但对试管苗的生根率和存活率没有显著影响。与自然光处理相比,单独红光和蓝光处理不利于甘蔗试管苗的生根与生长,而自然光补充蓝光或红光均能促进试管苗增高及根伸长,对试管苗的生根率和存活率没有显著影响。     

Long-term evaluation of productivity,stability and sustainability for cropping systems in Mediterranean rainfed conditions

Mediterranean cropping systems in rainfed conditions are generally based on rotations with a very high frequency of winter wheat and, therefore, they are at risk of declining trends for yield and soil health in the long-term. In order to quantify this risk, a long-term experiment was set-up in 1971 in central Italy, which is still running at present (2016). This experiment is based on 13 rotations, i.e. three continuous winter wheat systems with different N fertilization rates (W150, W200 and W250), five maize/winter wheat rotations with increasing wheat frequency (maize preceded by 1–5 years of wheat: i.e., WM, 2WM, 3WM, 4WM and 5WM) and five two-year rotations of winter wheat with either pea (WP), faba bean (WFB), grain sorghum (WGS), sugar beet (WSB) or sunflower (WSU). All these rotations are managed either with the removal of crop residues after harvest (REM), or with their burial into the soil at ploughing (BUR). For each rotation, all phases are simultaneously grown in each year, according to a split-plot design (with REM and BUR randomised to main plots), with three replicates in complete blocks and plots of 24.5 m² each. The following data are considered: (1) total and marketable biomass yields from 1983 to 2012; (2) content of Organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (N) in soil, as determined in 2014. Considering the 30-year period, BUR resulted in an average positive effect on yield (+3.7%), increased OC (+13.8%) and total N content (+9.4%) in soil, while the C/N ratio was not significantly affected. Wheat in two-year rotations showed a significantly higher (+19.4%) average yield level than in continuous cropping or in 2WM, 3WM, 4WM and 5WM, mainly due to a drop in yield occurring in the first (−13%) and second (−19%) year of recropping. Increasing N fertilisation level from 150 to 250 kg N ha⁻¹ with continuous cropping resulted in an increase (+3.7%) in long-term average yield and in a decrease in yield stability. All rotations heavily based on wheat (continuous cropping and 5WM) produced the highest amount of buried biomass (>175 t ha⁻¹ in 30 years), with the highest increase in soil OC content (>16 t ha⁻¹). All the other rotations produced a lower amount of residues and were less efficient in terms of carbon sequestration in soil, apart from WFB, which gave a high increase in soil organic carbon content (+18.9 t ha⁻¹ in 30 years), in spite of a low amount of buried residues (158 t ha⁻¹).     

Cotton yield and fiber quality affected by row spacing and shading at different growth stages

Carbohydrate production and reproductive structure development in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) depends on light availability, a determinant of cotton yield. Light availability is decreased by cloud cover or self-shading when cotton plants are grown in dense populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of shading during cotton growth and its interactions with plant row spacings on yield and fiber quality. Three independent experiments were conducted as follows: in Paranapanema (23°39′S; 48°58′W), cotton was planted in November in row spacings of 0.45, 0.75 and 0.96 m; in Primavera do Leste (15°33′S; 54°11′W), planting was in January with at row spacings of 0.45 and 0.76 m; and in Chapadão do Céu (18°38′S; 52°40′W), cotton was planted in February in rows spaced at 0.45 and 0.90 m. Plants were exposed to shading during the phenological stages B1 (floral bud), F1 (early flowering), PF (peak flowering) and 3OB (fruit maturity). In addition, there was one treatment without shade. There were no interactions of crop spacing with shading. Increasing plant population and shading both decreased net photosynthetic rate. The number of bolls m⁻² increased with higher plant populations only when planting was delayed, and were not affected by shading. When cotton was planted in November and January, higher yields were obtained at 0.75/0.76 m, but when planting was delayed to February, 0.45 m resulted in higher yields with no effect on fiber quality. Shading for eight or ten days decreases boll weight and yields, but do not affect fiber quality. Cotton yield is the most decreased when shading occurs during flowering. These results may be used to build management strategies to minimize shading effects by adjusting cotton sowing time and plant density, by selecting cultivars with increased shade tolerance and by choosing an adequate irrigation period to improve yield.     

Allelic variation and genetic diversity of high molecular weight glutenin subunit in Chinese endemic wheats (Triticum aestivum L.)

The high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) compositions of 66 Chinese endemic wheats were determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Ten alleles at the Glu-1 loci were detected in 50 Tibetan weedrace wheat accessions which in combination resulted in seven different HMW-GS patterns. Four HMW-GS patterns were observed among 10 Yunnan hulled wheat accessions, and two patterns in six Xingjiang rice wheat accessions. Two novel alleles (Bx7** + By8, Bx7 + By8**) and two rare alleles (Dx2 + 1Dy12*, Dx2 + null) were found in Tibetan weedrace accessions, with one of the latter (Dx2 + Dy12*) also being found in Yunnan hulled wheat. The mean indices of genetic variation at the Glu-1 loci in Yunnan hulled wheat, Tibetan weedrace wheat and Xingjiang rice wheat were 0.2232, 0.1655 and 0.0926, respectively, showing that Yunnan hulled wheat and Tibetan weedrace wheat had higher genetic variation than Xingjiang rice wheat.     

去除遮阴后自然强光对小偃54和8602及其杂交后代光合特性的影响

黄淮地区冬小麦生育后期常出现阴雨寡照及连阴骤晴等不良气候,本试验目的是阐明弱光逆境解除后自然强光对冬小麦光合特性的影响。在抽穗至开花期对小偃54和8602及其杂交后代小偃81和212遮阴处理(约自然光40%),10 d后去除遮阴,测定恢复过程中亲本与杂交后代旗叶叶绿素含量、光合气体交换、叶绿素荧光等参数。去除遮阴初期,亲本与杂交后代都发生了光抑制,净光合速率(Pn)、叶绿素a/b比值、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、气孔导度(Gs)、光系统II(PSII)最大量子效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII实际光化学效率(ΦPSII)、非光化学猝灭(NPQ)和电子传递到QA下游的概率(Ψo)都低于对照,并且随着去除遮阴时间的延长逐渐恢复。杂交后代小偃81在去除遮阴后比其2个亲本和另一杂交后代品系212具有相对更高的Pn、ΦPSII和Ψo,表明小偃81对环境光强变化的适应性优于其亲本,且相对较高的PSII光化学效率活性和稳定性是其在去除遮阴后拥有更高Pn的原因之一。小偃81更能适应黄淮地区小麦生育后期光照不足和连阴骤晴的不良气候。