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1.
Sixty‐three dogs with multiple contemporaneous cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs) were identified. The aim of this study was to determine the significance of breed, concurrent dermatological condition; number of cutaneous MCTs, size, location, histological grade and mitotic index; completeness of excision (complete, close or incomplete); local recurrence, metastasis and adjuvant therapy for the prognostic evaluation of dogs with a unique disease presentation of multiple, simultaneously occurring cutaneous MCTs. On the basis of multivariable survival analysis, dogs with one recorded grade 3 MCT had shorter progression‐free survival (PFS) times (18.7 versus 2.2 months) and median survival times (MSTs) (24 versus 3 months). Dogs treated with adjuvant vinblastine/lomustine had a 16 times increased risk of dying. MSTs were found to be significantly longer in dogs with one recorded MCT on an extremity. For all dogs, the PFS (range 14–1835 days) and MSTs (range 28–1835 days) were not reached. 相似文献
2.
Mylonakis ME Koutinas AF Leontides LS 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2006,35(3):311-314
BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mastocytosis has been reported rarely in naturally occurring canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME). OBJECTIVES: The aims of the present study were to estimate the prevalence and magnitude of bone marrow mastocytosis in a case series of dogs with natural CME and to assess the association, if any, between mastocytosis and the clinical severity of the disease. METHODS: Seventy-six dogs with confirmed CME (Ehrlichia canis) were included in the study. Affected dogs were allocated into group A (n = 51) without bone marrow hypoplasia and group B (n = 25) with bone marrow hypoplasia. Twenty clinically healthy Beagles not previously exposed to E canis served as controls (group C). The main inclusion criteria for group A were documentation of normocellular to hypercellular bone marrow and complete clinical cure following a 4-week treatment with doxycycline, while those for group B were bone marrow hypoplasia and lack of response to doxycycline. Bone marrow aspirate smears from all 96 dogs were Giemsa-stained and examined for the presence of mast cells, which were calculated as a percentage of 1,000 nucleated cells (NCs). The prevalence of mastocytosis was compared among the 3 groups by the Pearson's chi-square test. RESULTS: Bone marrow mastocytosis (>0.1% of NCs) was found in 5 (20%) dogs in group B (range, 0.5-2.5% of NCs; median, 1% of NCs). One dog in each of groups A and C had 0.1% mast cells in the marrow. The prevalence of bone marrow mastocytosis in dogs in group B was significantly higher (P = .004) than in groups A and C. CONCLUSION: Bone marrow mastocytosis can be seen in a substantial number of dogs with E canis-induced myelosuppression. 相似文献
3.
E. Treggiari P. Valenti I. Porcellato G. Maresca G. Romanelli 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2023,21(3):437-446
Subcutaneous mast cell tumours (SC MCTs) can display a different biological behaviour in dogs when compared to their cutaneous counterpart. There is a paucity of information with regards to the outcome of dogs with SC MCTs treated with surgery and/or receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to retrospectively review the outcome of dogs with surgically excised SC MCTs undergoing adjuvant treatment or not. A secondary aim was to assess prognostic factors in the same group. Fifty-two cases were included. Recurrence rate was 15% and 63% of evaluated lymph nodes were consistent with early or overt metastasis. Median survival time (range 83–1357 days) and median time to progression (range 14–1357 days) were not reached. Factors predictive of shorter overall survival time included increasing age (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.06–1.55, p = .0092), presence of clinical signs at presentation (HR 10.44, 95% CI 2.69–40.52, p = .0007), mitotic count >4 (HR 8.69, 95% CI 2.55–29.55, p = 0.0005), presence of multinucleation (HR 4.21, 95% CI 1.35–13.18, p = .0135), use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy (HR 7.16, 95% CI 1.26–40.73, p = .0266). The same factors, together with increasing tumour dimensions, were predictive for shorter progression-free survival (PFS), including increasing age (p = .0012), presence of clinical signs at presentation (p = .0045), increasing tumour dimensions (p = .0004), MC > 4 (p = .0004), presence of multinucleation (p = .0282), use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy (p = .0485). No variables remained significant for overall survival using multivariate analysis. There was a longer survival in cases where chemotherapy was not required (HR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03–0.68, p = .0148), and this variable remained significant for PFS on multivariate analysis (HR 0.13, 95% CI 0.02–0.76, p = .02). In conclusion, our study suggests that dogs with SC MCTs, in the absence of negative prognostic factors, may have a prolonged survival when treated with surgery alone. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of adjuvant treatment for biologically aggressive SC MCTs in dogs. 相似文献
4.
Official guidelines do not consider bone marrow (BM) assessment mandatory in staging canine lymphoma unless blood cytopenias are present. The aim of this study was to find out if blood abnormalities can predict marrow involvement in canine large B‐cell lymphoma. BM infiltration was assessed via flow cytometry. No difference was found between dogs without haematological abnormalities and dogs with at least one. However, the degree of infiltration was significantly higher in dogs with thrombocytopenia, leucocytosis or lymphocytosis and was negatively correlated to platelet count and positively to blood infiltration. Our results suggest that blood abnormalities are not always predictive of marrow involvement, even if thrombocytopenia, leucocytosis or lymphocytosis could suggest a higher infiltration. BM evaluation should therefore be included in routine staging in order not to miss infiltrated samples and to improve classification. However, its clinical relevance and prognostic value are still not defined and further studies are needed. 相似文献
5.
The preclinical canine model has proved valuable for the development of principles and techniques of haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) applicable to human patients. Studies in random‐bred dogs concerning the impact of histocompatibility barriers on engraftment and graft‐versus‐host disease, the kinetics of immunological reconstitution, the efficacy of various pretransplant conditioning regimens, post‐transplantation immunosuppression protocols, treatment of malignant diseases, and graft‐versus‐tumour effects have advanced HCT from an investigational therapy with uncertain clinical benefit half a century ago to an important treatment choice for thousands of patients treated annually in transplantation centres worldwide. More recent preclinical canine studies have resulted in the clinical translation of non‐myeloablative, minimally invasive transplantation protocols that have extended allogeneic HCT to include older human patients with malignant and non‐malignant, acquired or inherited haematological disorders, and those with comorbid conditions. Here, we review the contributions of the canine model to modern HCT and describe the usefulness of HCT for the treatment of canine haematological disorders. 相似文献
6.
L. Marconato U. Bonfanti D. Stefanello M. R. Lorenzo G. Romanelli S. Comazzi E. Zini 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2008,6(2):80-89
Cytosine arabinoside (ara‐C) is a component of many protocols for the treatment of acute leukaemia and non‐Hodgkin lymphomas in humans. The aim of the study was to prospectively evaluate the efficacy of ara‐C in a myeloablative regimen in a cohort of canine lymphomas with bone marrow involvement. Seventeen dogs were enrolled. Eight were treated with a VCAA‐based protocol (Group 1) and nine with the same regimen added with ara‐C (Group 2). Ara‐C was administered on a 5‐day schedule as an i.v. continuous infusion at the dose of 150 mg m?2 per day for five consecutive days. During treatment complete remission (CR) was achieved in two dogs in Group 1 and in eight dogs in Group 2. CR rate was significantly higher in Group 2 (P < 0.01). Median survival was 72.5 days (range 6–174) in Group 1 and 243 days (range 73–635) in Group 2. Survival was significantly longer in Group 2 (P < 0.001). Both protocols were well tolerated, with a low incidence of adverse events. Ara‐C added to a VCAA‐based protocol appears to be safe and beneficial in dogs with stage V lymphoma. Incorporation of the nucleoside analogue might be crucial for the development of future therapeutic strategies in dogs. 相似文献
7.
H. Gregório T. Raposo F. L. Queiroga I. Pires L. Pena J. Prada 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2017,15(4):1382-1392
COX‐2 overexpression is associated with several hallmarks of carcinogenesis such as proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Fifty cases of canine mast cell tumours (MCT) were retrospectively evaluated and submitted to immunohistochemistry for COX‐2, CD31, Ki‐67, MAC‐387 and CD3. Furthermore its relationship with clinicopathological variables and overall survival (OS) was analysed. COX‐2 intensity (P = 0.016), but not COX‐2 extension nor score was associated with decreased OS and higher grades of malignancy according to Patnaik (P = 0.002) and Kiupel (P < 0.001) grading systems. Cox‐2 intensity was also associated with higher Ki‐67 scores (P = 0.009), higher mitotic index (P = 0.022) and higher microvascularization density (P = 0.045). No association was observed for COX‐2 intensity and CD3‐T lymphocyte (P = 0.377) and macrophage infiltration (P = 0.261) by MAC‐387 immunollabelling, suggesting an active role of COX‐2 in MCT oncogenesis mainly through proliferation and angiogenesis stimulation making it a potentially clinical relevant prognosis marker and therapeutic target. 相似文献
8.
Sangho Kim Kenji Hosoya Ayumi Kobayashi Masahiro Okumura 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2019,17(1):61-68
Peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation following consolidation therapy is a feasible treatment option for canine haematological malignancies. In veterinary medicine, haematopoietic stem cells are generally mobilized into peripheral circulation using a granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF). This pilot study aimed to evaluate the haematopoietic stem cell mobilization effect of three different regimens for PBSC apheresis with Spectra Optia continuous mononuclear cell (CMNC) protocol in healthy dogs. Stem cell mobilization was performed using high‐dose plerixafor (CXCR‐4 inhibitor) alone, a G‐CSF alone, or a combination of the low‐dose plerixafor and G‐CSF. Three dogs were assigned to each mobilization protocol. Regardless of the mobilization protocol, the total blood volume processed was uniformly set as 270 mL/kg and many PBSCs, defined as CD34+/CD45dim cells, within the apheresis product were compared. Changes in complete blood count, PBSC counts, and blood chemistry analysis were monitored before, during, and after apheresis. All dogs tolerated the apheresis procedure using the Spectra Optia system with minimal adverse effects. The mean PBSC counts of the apheresis products for plerixafor, G‐CSF, and the combination groups were 1.3 ± 0.24, 4.2 ± 0.47, and 6.4 ± 0.9 × 106 cells/kg, respectively. The apheresis procedure using Spectra Optia CMNC protocol in dogs is safe and feasible. Furthermore, PBSC mobilization with a combination of G‐CSF and plerixafor appeared more effective than either compound alone in mobilizing PBSC to the peripheral blood in dogs. 相似文献
9.
M. M. Endicott S. C. Charney J. A. McKnight A. S. Loar A. M. Barger P. J. Bergman 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2007,5(1):31-37
Bone marrow aspiration for routine staging of canine cutaneous mast cell tumour is not consistently performed, and the overall incidence of bone marrow infiltration and predictive value of the complete blood count (CBC) is unknown. This study evaluated a series of 157 dogs presented for cutaneous mast cell tumours in which a CBC and bone marrow aspiration were performed. The incidence of bone marrow infiltration at initial staging was low at 2.8%, and 4.5% overall. Factors significantly associated with bone marrow infiltration included increased age, leucocytosis, anaemia, neutrophilia, monocytosis, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, being purebred and staging at the time of recurrent or progressive disease. Our study suggests that a bone marrow sample is not indicated for routine staging but maybe indicated for those dogs with mast cell tumours having either an abnormal haemogram (neutrophilia, monocytosis, eosinophilia, basophilia, anaemia and thrombocytopenia) or presenting for tumour regrowth, progression or new occurrence. 相似文献
10.
O. A. Smrkovski L. Essick B. W. Rohrbach A. M. Legendre 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2015,13(3):314-321
Masitinib mesylate is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of gross, non‐metastatic grade II and III canine mast cell tumours (MCTs). This study evaluated the use of masitinib as a frontline and rescue agent for metastatic and non‐metastatic canine MCTs. Identification of toxicities and prognostic factors in these dogs was of secondary interest. Twenty‐six dogs were included in this study. The overall response rate to masitinib was 50%. The median survival time for dogs that responded to masitinib was 630 days versus 137 days for dogs that did not respond (P = 0.0033). Toxicity was recorded in 61.5% of treated dogs, but the majority of adverse events were mild and self‐limiting. Response to masitinib, not tumour grade, stage or location, was the most significant prognostic factor for survival in dogs with MCTs. 相似文献
11.
R. Finotello A. Pasquini V. Meucci I. Lippi A. Rota G. Guidi V. Marchetti 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2014,12(2):120-129
Oxidative stress status has been evaluated in depth in human medicine and its role in carcinogenesis has been clearly established. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate antioxidant concentrations and oxidative stress in dogs with mast cell tumours (MCTs) that had received no previous treatments, and to compare them to healthy controls. In 23 dogs with mast cell tumour and 10 healthy controls, oxidative status was assessed using the Reactive Oxygen Metabolites‐derived compounds (d‐ROMs) test, antioxidant activity was measured by the Biological Antioxidant Potential (BAP) test, and α‐tocopherol levels were evaluated using high‐performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet analysis. At baseline, dogs with MCT had significantly higher d‐ROMs (P < 0.00001) and lower BAP (P < 0.0002) compared with healthy controls. However, no significant difference was observed for α‐tocopherol (P = 0.95). Results suggest that oxidative stress pattern and oxidative defence barrier are altered in dogs with newly diagnosed MCT compared with control dogs. Future studies are needed in order to assess the prognostic role of oxidative stress and to evaluate the impact of different therapeutic approaches. 相似文献
12.
Atsushi Kodama Hiroki Sakai Keiya Kobayashi Takashi Mori Kohji Maruo Tadaaki Kudo Tokuma Yanai Toshiaki Masegi 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2008,37(4):409-415
Abstract: A 1‐year‐old intact female miniature Dachshund was presented with hematochezia, vomiting, and diarrhea of more than 1‐week duration. An abdominal mass was palpated, which at exploratory surgery was found to be a 7‐cm‐long thickened section of ileum. The thickened ileum was resected. Impression smears revealed numerous small‐ to medium‐sized lymphocytes, with a smaller number of cells resembling Mott cells. The Mott‐like cells contained multiple pale vacuoles that were positive for periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) in wet‐fixed smears, consistent with Russell bodies. Histologic evaluation of the surgically excised ileum revealed 2 populations of neoplastic lymphoid cells. The majority were uniform medium‐sized lymphocytes with hyperchromatic oval or round nuclei and inconspicuous nucleoli. The remaining cells resembled Mott cells, which contained several PAS‐positive eosinophilic globules in the cytoplasm, occasionally compressing the nucleus. The majority of neoplastic cells stained positively for vimentin, CD20, CD79a, and Pax‐5, but were negative for CD3 and lysozyme; 43.5% of cells stained positively for Ki‐67. The Mott cells were strongly positive for immunoglobulin but were negative for Pax‐5. Using electron microscopy, a homogenous substance of intermediate electron density was observed frequently in the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm of the Mott cells, and rarely in the perinuclear cisternae of the lymphoid cells, corresponding to the site of immunoglobulin staining. Monoclonal rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy‐chain (IgH) gene was observed by PCR testing for lymphocyte–antigen receptor rearrangement. The morphologic features, immunophenotype, and IgH gene rearrangement verified the lymphoid cells were neoplastic (mature cell type) and had a B‐cell phenotype, with evidence of immunoglobulin production and differentiation into Mott cells. This case was unusual because of the age of the dog and because most intestinal lymphomas are T‐cell phenotype. The Mott cell morphology also differed from typical mature B‐cell lymphoma types and may be a unique B‐cell lymphoma variant. 相似文献
13.
J. Smith M. Kiupel J. Farrelly R. Cohen G. Olmsted J. Kirpensteijn B. Brocks G. Post 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2017,15(1):36-45
Grade II mast cell tumours (MCT) are tumours with variable biologic behaviour. Multiple factors have been associated with outcome, including proliferation markers. The purpose of this study was to determine if extent of surgical excision affects recurrence rate in dogs with grade II MCT with low proliferation activity, determined by Ki67 and argyrophilic nucleolar organising regions (AgNOR). Eighty‐six dogs with cutaneous MCT were evaluated. All dogs had surgical excision of their MCT with a low Ki67 index and combined AgNORxKi67 (Ag67) values. Twenty‐three (27%) dogs developed local or distant recurrence during the median follow‐up time. Of these dogs, six (7%) had local recurrence, one had complete and five had incomplete histologic margins. This difference in recurrence rates between dogs with complete and incomplete histologic margins was not significant. On the basis of this study, ancillary therapy may not be necessary for patients with incompletely excised grade II MCT with low proliferation activity. 相似文献
14.
L. E. Barrett K. Skorupski D. C. Brown N. Weinstein C. Clifford A. Szivek S. Haney S. Kraiza E. L. Krick 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2018,16(2):188-193
Prognosis of feline gastrointestinal mast cell tumours (FGIMCT), based on limited available literature, is described as guarded to poor, which may influence treatment recommendations and patient outcome. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical findings, treatment response, and outcome of FGIMCT. Medical records of 31 cats diagnosed with and treated for FGIMCT were retrospectively reviewed. Data collected included signalment, method of diagnosis, tumour location (including metastatic sites), treatment type, cause of death and survival time. Mean age was 12.9 y. Diagnosis was made via cytology (n = 15), histopathology (n = 13) or both (n = 3). Metastatic sites included abdominal lymph node (n = 10), abdominal viscera (n = 4) and both (n = 2). Therapeutic approaches included chemotherapy alone (n = 15), surgery and chemotherapy (n = 7), glucocorticoid only (n = 6) and surgery and glucocorticoid (n = 3). Lomustine (n = 15) and chlorambucil (n = 12) were the most commonly used chemotherapy drugs. Overall median survival time was 531 d (95% confidence interval 334, 982). Gastrointestinal location, diagnosis of additional cancers, and treatment type did not significantly affect survival time. Cause of death was tumour‐related or unknown (n = 12) and unrelated (n = 8) in the 20 cats dead at the time of analysis. The prognosis for cats with FGIMCT may be better than previously reported, with 26% of cats deceased from an unrelated cause. Surgical and medical treatments (including prednisolone alone) were both associated with prolonged survival times. Treatment other than prednisolone may not be necessary in some cats. Continued research into prognostic factors and most effective treatment strategies are needed. 相似文献
15.
Nakage AP Santana AE de Cápua ML Godoy AV 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2005,34(4):394-399
BACKGROUND: Models for the study of hematopoietic stem cells in dogs provide important information for bone marrow transplantation in humans. Recent studies have reported the importance of human umbilical cord blood (UCB) as an alternative to allogenic bone marrow for hematopoietic reconstitution. However, there are no studies on the UCB cells of dogs. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this experiment was to characterize and quantify the blood cells of the umbilical cord of dogs. METHODS: The blood of the umbilical cord of 20 neonatal dogs, delivered at term, with a median gestation time of 58 days, was collected with a 5-mL syringe containing EDTA. Total RBC, WBC, and platelet counts, HCT, hemoglobin (Hgb) concentration, and RBC indices were determined using an automatic cell counter. The differential leukocyte count was determined manually in blood smears stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa. Reticulocyte percentages were determined on blood smears stained with brilliant cresyl blue and counterstained with May-Grünwald Giemsa. RESULTS: The MCHC and numbers of RBCs, WBCs, neutrophils, and eosinophils in UCB were lower as compared with reference values for the peripheral blood of healthy neonatal and adult dogs; whereas, the MCV and reticulocyte percentages were higher. CONCLUSION: Erythrocyte macrocytosis and hypochromasia in UCB were consistent with marked reticulocytosis and indicative of high erythropoietic activity. The results of this study are an important first step in the characterization of UCB from neonatal dogs. 相似文献
16.
Makoto Akiyoshi Masaharu Hisasue Sakurako Neo Masami Akiyoshi Yuko Goto‐Koshino 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2019,48(1):71-77
A 12‐year‐old castrated male mixed breed dog was presented with anorexia, lethargy, intermittent vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss. Clinicopathologic and imaging abnormalities included pancytopenia, icterus, and splenomegaly with multiple minute hypoechogenic nodules. Bone marrow (BM) smears revealed 2.5% hemophagocytic macrophages. In addition, an increased number of small to intermediate lymphocytes (16.3%) and plasma cells (3.2%) were recognized in the BM smears. More than 80% of the lymphocytes contained multiple small intracytoplasmic magenta granules. Histopathologic findings of the spleen revealed hemophagocytosis. Large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) were not found on the liver cytology or splenic histopathology at this time. PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR) analysis showed a clonal reaction in the T‐cell receptor ? (TCR?) gene in the BM sample. The dog was diagnosed with hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS). The dog was maintained in good condition with immunosuppressive therapy. However, the dog developed hepatic LGL lymphoma 7 months later. At this time, PARR analysis showed a clonal TCR? gene rearrangement in the hepatic LGL lymphoma samples. The BM and liver sample clonal rearrangements showed 100% homology, indicating that the small to intermediate granular lymphocytes in the BM at the HPS stage had progressed to hepatic LGL lymphoma. To our knowledge, this is the first report of canine secondary HPS caused by the occurrence of a BM LGL lymphoma clone that progressed to hepatic LGL lymphoma. 相似文献
17.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of a CCNU and vinblastine chemotherapy protocol for canine mast cell tumours. Fifty-seven tumours in 56 dogs were evaluated, 37 had macroscopic disease and 20 had microscopic disease. A 57% response rate was seen in dogs with macroscopic disease for a median duration of 52 weeks. Dogs with macroscopic disease had a median progression free survival time (PFST) of 30 weeks and a median overall survival time (OST) of 35 weeks. Dogs with microscopic disease had a median PFST of 35 weeks and a median OST of 48 weeks. Toxicity was recorded in 54% of the dogs treated, with the majority of events being mild. This chemotherapy protocol appears to be well tolerated and should be considered for canine mast cell tumours. 相似文献
18.
Pokorny E Hecht S Sura PA LeBlanc AK Phillips J Conklin GA Haifley KA Newkirk K 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2012,53(2):167-173
Mast cell tumors (MCT) are the most common cutaneous tumors in dogs. Our purpose was to describe the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of cutaneous MCT and to identify imaging characteristics that allow differentiation of metastatic from normal lymph nodes. Eight dogs with a total of nineMCT were imaged as were their presumed draining and associated contralateral lymph nodes. The signal intensity of tumors and lymph nodes was compared to adjacent musculature. On T2-W images, 7/9 MCT were hyperintense to muscle and 2/9 were isointense. On T1-W images, 8/9 MCT were isointense and 1/9 were mildly hypointense. All tumors were strongly contrast enhancing; 5/9 were homogeneous and 4/9 heterogeneous in their enhancement patterns. Six lymph node pairs were included in the evaluation (five sentinel lymph nodes with metastases, one without, and six contralateral lymph nodes). Metastatic lymph nodes were significantly larger than their contralateral lymph nodes (P = 0.039). All lymph nodes were isointense on T1-W images and hyperintense on T2-W images. 5/5 metastatic and 2/7 normal lymph nodes were heterogeneously T2-hyperintense. All lymph nodes were moderately to strongly contrast enhancing. 4/5 metastatic and 2/7 normal lymph nodes had heterogeneous enhancement patterns. While heterogeneity was more common in metastatic than in normal lymph nodes, this difference was not significant (P = 0.058 for T2-W images; P = 0.234 for postcontrast images). MR imaging may be useful in the presurgical evaluation and clinical staging of cutaneous MCT. 相似文献
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