半胱胺对大鼠生长及免疫的影响

离乳大鼠和160g左右大鼠每周口服半胱胺一次（100mg/kg BW），结果发现半胱胺能明显促进160g左右大鼠的增重，却对离乳大鼠没有明显效果。两组处理均发现大鼠血清生长激素水平显著升高，但是后者血清IGF－I水平较前者具有更强的升高趋势。结果揭示，半胱胺的促生长作用与动物的生长周期密切相关，而且这种状况很可能由IGF－I水平所决定。半胱胺处理大鼠引发诸多免疫指标的改变，推测半胱胺直接或通过激素改变间接影响动物的免疫功能。     

"激生Ⅰ号"疫苗对猪增重效果的观察

“激生Ⅰ号”疫苗即生长抑素基因工程疫苗,是国内著名免疫学家南京农业大学杜念兴教授设计,经十多年的努力,研制开发的用以促进动物生长的新型疫苗———基因工程活载体疫苗。它是利用激素免疫调控机理,通过疫苗免疫动物,产生生长抑素(SS)抗体,中和动物机体内生长抑素,使内源性激素整体水平提高,从而促进动物的生长,可适用于各种家畜的促生长、泌乳。该疫苗被农业部农业生物基因工程安全管理委员会定为“安全等级Ⅰ级”。该疫苗使用后无激素残留,对人体无任何潜在危害。近来我们在天津地区应用该苗进行僵猪和育肥猪免疫增重试验,结果差异显…     

激生1号对生长育肥猪生长效果的试验观察

<正> 激生1号(生长抑素基因工程活载体疫苗)通过免疫调控机理,使免疫动物产生抗生长抑素(SS)抗体。该抗体能中和动物体内生长抑素,使内源性促生长激素整体水平提高,从而促进动物生长、提高饲料报酬。本试验的目的就是检验激生1号对猪生长及肉质的影响。     

生长抑素基因工程苗对育肥猪肌肉嫩度和氨基酸的影响

生长抑素基因工程苗是利用激素免疫调控机理,通过免疫动物产生生长抑素(SS)抗体,中和动物体内生长抑素,使内源性促生长激素整体水平提高,从而促进动物生长的一种活载体疫苗,是由著名动物免疫学家、南京农业大学杜念兴教授经过十多年的努力,研制的用以促进动物生长的新一类疫苗,     

生长抑素基因工程苗的应用效果观察

生长抑素基因工程活载体疫苗简称激生1号，是由著名免疫学家、南京农业大学杜念兴教授设计，南京南农高科技股份有限公司生产。用以促进动物生长的一种新型疫苗，是国家863高科技成果。本疫苗利用激素免疫调控机理，通过疫苗免疫动物。产生生长抑素(SS)抗体中和动物体内生长抑素，使内     

肌肉生长抑素基因工程疫苗免疫动物的效果研究

为检验肌肉生长抑素基因工程疫苗对动物生长的影响,用由大肠杆菌表达的肌肉生长抑素蛋白与油佐制成疫苗,肌肉注射免疫25天龄小白鼠、并观察生长状况,每周称重,纪录结果,饲养至95天龄后试验结束;肌肉注射免疫21天龄幼鸡,饲养至98天龄后进行屠宰,分离胸肌、腿肌并称重。结果,与对照组相比,注射肌肉生长抑素基因工程疫苗的小白鼠体重最高增加17.17%;鸡体重最高增加14.27%,免疫效果比较理想,达到了预期的目的。     

生长抑素基因工程疫苗对生长肥育猪促生长效果试验

生长抑素基因工程疫苗是应用鸡胚培养重组疫苗病毒制备的用于促进动物生长的基因工程ＳＳ活载体疫苗 ,是由国家科委生物技术开发中心资助 ,南京农业大学和中牧股份成都药械厂联合开发的“863”高科技项目。该苗已于 1 999年 1 2月获农业部基因工程安全委员会商品化生产审批书 (农基安审字 99Ｂ -0 3 -0 8)。应用生长抑素基因工程苗促生长的原理是 :动物生长受生长激素 (ＧＨ)调控 ,而ＧＨ的释放又受生长激素释放因子 (ＧＲＦ)和生长抑制激素 (ＳＳ)双向调节 ,前者促进释放 ,后者抑制释放。动物接种生长抑素苗后 ,体内即产生ＳＳ抗体 ,能中和…     

激生1号免疫"内三元"育肥猪低能饲粮饲养试验

激生1号是应用基因工程技术表达生长抑素融合蛋白制备的用于促进动物生长的生长抑素基因工程活载体苗的简称,是国家科委生物技术开发中心立项资助的“863”高科技成果,由中国著名兽医免疫学家、南京农业大学杜念兴教授研制成功。该疫苗主要通过免疫产生生长抑制素(SS)抗体,中和动物体内生长抑素,使内源性促生长的激素整体水平提高,从而促进动物的生长。贵州畜牧所于2004年6～10月在贵阳清镇芦荻养猪场进行激生1号对含本地猪血缘的杜长黔“内三元”杂种猪免疫对比试验,并结合当地大部分农户养猪饲喂大量米糠的习惯采用低能饲粮,观察其促生长…     

生长抑素基因工程活载体疫苗——激生1号对波杂山羊增重的影响

新型生长抑素基因工程疫苗——激生1号免疫后能诱导动物产生抗生长抑素抗体,抑制生长抑素活性,从而促进生长激素的释放,达到促生长的目的。本试验研究了激生1号免疫对波杂山羊增重的影响。以波尔山羊为父本、徐淮白山羊为母本获得的杂交山羊,并根据初始体重4.0～5.5kg和6.0～9.0kg分为2组,再将初始体重为6.0～9.0kg的山羊按饲养水平分为3组。每组中随机抽取半数羊于颈背部皮下注射激生1号疫苗0.5mL/只,对照组注射同剂量的生理盐水。免疫前和免疫90d后分别称重,结果发现激生1号免疫组增重速度明显快于对照组(17.7%～56.4%,P<0.05),但免疫效果受免疫前初始体重和饲养水平的影响。     

“激生1号”免疫育肥猪位生长效果观察

“激生1号”是应用基因工程技术表达生长抑素融合蛋白制备的用于促进动物生长的生长抑素基因工程活载体苗（Genentic Engineering Live Vector of Somatostatin）的简称,该疫苗为国家科委生物技术开发中心立项资助的“863”高科技计划项目,中国著名兽医免疫学家、南京农业大学杜念兴教授研究成功,国内首创、国际领先.激生1号主要通过调控动物内分泌激素水平达到促进动物生长的目的,目前已覆盖了四川、安徽、黑龙江、上海、内蒙等20 余个省市,贵州省畜牧所2004年引用激生1号对含本地猪血缘的“内三元”杂交猪进行免疫试验,观察其对含本地猪血缘的“内三元”杂交猪的促生长效果.试验结果报告如下：     

生长抑素和皮质抑素双表达DNA疫苗免疫杂交水牛育成牛的促生长效果研究

试验旨在探究生长抑素（SS）和皮质抑素（CST）双表达DNA疫苗免疫杂交水牛育成牛的促生长效果,并对其安全性进行验证。将鉴定正确的pVGS/2SS-2A-S/CST-asd质粒电转入减毒猪霍乱沙门氏菌C500构建生长抑素和皮质抑素双表达活载体疫苗。将16头6~12月龄杂交水牛育成牛随机分为低（TL）、中（TM）、高（TH）剂量组及PBS对照组（NC）,每组4头,试验组和对照组分别用双表达疫苗和PBS进行鼻腔免疫,初免时每天09：00和15：00免疫2次,连续免疫3 d,2周后以相同程序加强免疫1次,对免疫后不同时期的增重效果和免疫应答水平等进行监测。免疫应答结果显示,各剂量组免疫后均引起了免疫应答,TL组在初免后2周产生的SS抗体水平高于TM和TH组,而TM组SS抗体阳性率最高,为100%,优于TL （75%）和TH组（50%）;初免后2周产生的CST抗体水平则呈现完全相反的趋势,抗体水平随免疫剂量下降呈下降的趋势;初免后7周SS抗体和CST抗体水平和阳性率整体呈下降趋势,但也有部分牛出现抗体升高趋势;免疫因子检测结果显示,初免后2周TL和TM组IL-4水平极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）,而免疫后7周对照组的IL-4水平显著高于TL组（P<0.05）,与其他各组之间差异均不显著（P>0.05）;对照组INF-γ水平在初免后2周显著高于TL和TM组（P<0.05）,免疫后7周对照组显著高于TL组（P<0.05）,与其他各组之间差异均不显著（P>0.05）;对比抗体阳性组和阴性组发现,初免后2周抗体阳性组的IL-4水平极显著高于阴性组（P<0.01）,初免后7周则显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,而抗体阳性组INF-γ在初免后2和7周均显著低于阴性组（P<0.05）。增重效果检测显示,初免后2周各试验组平均日增重均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,而在其他各时期各组之间差异均不显著（P>0.05）,抗体阳性组仅在初免后2周显著高于阴性组（P<0.05）。激素检测结果显示,各试验组生长激素（GH）和胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）在初免后2周均极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）,而初免后7周TL组GH和IGF-1水平显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,其他各组之间均差异不显著（P>0.05）;抗体阳性组的GH和IGF-1水平在初免后2周极显著高于阴性组（P<0.01）,而初免后7周则极显著低于阴性组（P<0.01）。安全性检测结果显示,各时期采集的水样、土样、粪样中均未检测到目的片段,证实了疫苗的安全性。本试验结果表明,双表达疫苗免疫后机体能产生良好的免疫应答,能提高育成牛的平均日增重,且对环境未产生安全性问题。     

Study on the Growth Promoting Effect of Crossbred Buffalo Calves Immunized with DNA Vaccine of Co-expression of Somatostatin and Cortistatin

The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth promoting effect and the safety of the vaccine in crossbred buffalo calves immunized with somatostatin and corticostatin co-expression DNA vaccine.The identified plasmid of pVGS/2SS-2A-S/CST-asd was electroporated into attenuated Salmonella Choleraesuis C500 to construct the co-expression live vector vaccine of somatostatin and corticostatin,and evaluate the effect on the growth performance of the crossbreds buffalo after nasal immunization.Twenty four 2-6 months of age crossbred buffalo calves with similar body weight were randomly divided into 4 groups immunized with the vaccine in low dosage group (TL),middle dosage group (TM),high dosage group (TH) and negative control group (NC).Immunization was performed once a day for 3 consecutive days,and a booster was given 2 weeks late.The results showed that the antibody of SS and CST could be produced on 2 weeks after the primary immunization,and TL group was the best,showing higher antibody level and positive rate.At 7 weeks,the positive rate of experimental group showed a downward trend.The daily gain of each experimental group was higher than that of control group at 2 and 7 weeks after the primary immunization,but there was no significant difference between experimental groups (P>0.05),while the average daily gain of antibody positive group (P) was significantly higher than that of negative group (N) at 2 weeks (P<0.05).The results of related hormones showed that the levels of growth hormone (GH) and insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were higher in experimental groups at 2 and 7 weeks after the primary immunization.In each experimental group,TL group showed the best performance,both extremely significantly higher than that of control group except GH level at 7 weeks after the primary immunization (P<0.01),antibody positive group was also significantly higher than negative group (P<0.05).Cytokine test results showed that the interleukin 4 (IL-4) level in experimental groups at 2 weeks after the primary immunization was higher than that of control group,and the IL-4 level in TL and TM groups was extremely significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.01),especially in TL group.The IL-4 level in TL and TH groups at 7 weeks after the primary immunization was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).At 2 weeks after the primary immunization,the level of immune interferon γ (INF-γ) in control group was extremely significantly higher than that of experimental groups (P<0.01),but at 7 weeks after immunization was significantly lower than that of TL and TH groups (P<0.05).The levels of IL-4 and INF-γ in antibody positive group were significantly higher than that of negative group at 2 and 7 weeks after the primary immunization (P<0.05),respectively,and there was no significant difference among other groups (P>0.05).The levels of blood glucose (GLU),total protein (TP),total cholesterol (CH) and urea nitrogen (BUN) in serum showed that except that the level of total protein in TL group at 2 weeks after the primary immunization was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05),there was no significant difference of other indexes among each group (P>0.05).In order to confirm the safety of the vaccine,the genes of water,soil and fecal samples after immunization were amplified,which were not detected in PCR sensitivity range.The results indicated that the vaccine could achieve a good immune effect,make the body produce a significant immune response,and the effect of the low dosage group was the best.The vaccine did not cause adverse effects on the environment.     

生长抑素和皮质抑素双表达DNA疫苗免疫杂交水牛犊牛的促生长效果研究

试验旨在探究生长抑素（SS）和皮质抑素（CST）双表达DNA疫苗免疫杂交水牛犊牛的促生长效果及疫苗本身的安全性。将鉴定正确的pVGS/2SS-2A-S/CST-asd质粒电转入减毒猪霍乱沙门氏菌C500构建SS和CST双表达活载体疫苗,喷鼻免疫杂交水牛犊牛后观察其对犊牛生长性能的影响。选取体重相近的2~6月龄杂交水牛犊公牛24头,随机分为低（TL）、中（TM）、高（TH）剂量组和PBS对照组（NC）,每组6头,初次免疫（简称初免）持续3 d,间隔2周后用相同剂量加免一次。结果显示,初免后2周便可产生抗SS和CST抗体,以TL组最佳,表现为更高的抗体水平和阳性率,7周时各试验组阳性率呈下降趋势;TL和TM组的平均日增重在初免后2和7周均高于对照组,但各组间差异均不显著（P>0.05）,而抗体阳性组（P）的平均日增重在0~2周显著高于阴性组（N）（P<0.05）。相关激素的检测结果显示,在初免后2和7周,试验组生长激素（GH）和胰岛素生长因子1（IGF-1）的水平均高于对照组,且以TL组表现最佳,除初免后7周GH与对照组无显著差异外,其余均极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）;初免后2周抗体阳性组极显著高于阴性组（P<0.05）。细胞因子检测结果显示,在初免后2周,试验组白细胞介素4（IL-4）含量高于对照组,且TL和TM组均极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）,尤以TL组最高,免疫后7周TL和TH组均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,而免疫后2周对照组免疫干扰因子γ（INF-γ）含量极显著高于试验组（P<0.01）,免疫后7周对照组INF-γ含量显著低于TL和TH组（P<0.05）;阳性组IL-4水平在免疫后2周、INF-γ水平在免疫后7周均显著高于阴性组（P<0.05）,其他各组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。对血清中血糖（GLU）、总蛋白（TP）、总胆固醇（CH）和尿素氮（BUN）水平进行测定发现,除免疫后2周总蛋白含量TL组显著高于对照组外（P<0.05）,其他指标各组间差异均不显著（P>0.05）。对免疫后的水样、土样和粪样进行目的基因扩增发现,在PCR灵敏度范围内均未检测到,证实了疫苗的安全性。由上述结果可知,疫苗免疫后能取得良好的免疫效果,使机体产生显著的免疫应答,以低剂量组效果最佳,且没有对环境产生不良影响。     

生长抑素在动物生产上研究进展

本文综述了生长抑素的特点及影响动物生长、生产性能的作用机理 ,并对其耗竭剂、基因工程疫苗及主、被动免疫的研究、应用状况进行了总结、分析。生长抑素是通过抑制动物体内多种激素 (生长激素、胰岛素等 )、消化酶 (胃蛋白酶、胰液、胃酸等 )的分泌和胃肠道的运动而抑制动物的生长的。生长抑素的耗竭剂目前研究的有 :半胱胺和大豆黄酮。生长抑素的主、被动免疫在促进动物生长、改善动物的生产性能方面 ,已被大多数人接受 ,但报道结果不尽一致 ,另外也存在着一些问题 ,象激素及其代谢产物残留、过敏反应等。因此要在实践中广泛应用 ,仍需要做大量的研究。     

Relationships between plasma concentrations of placental lactogen, insulin-like growth factors, metabolites and lamb size in late gestation ewes subject to nutritional supplementation and in their lambs at birth

The relationships between placental lactogen (PL), insulin-like growth factor (IGF) -1 and -2, insulin, glucose and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were studied in 10 triplet-bearing ewes in late gestation (120-129 days) which were on ad libitum feeding. To extend the range of plasma metabolite concentrations the ewes received a continuous abomasal infusion from 100 days of gestation until delivery. Three were infused with glucose (160 g/day), 2 received sodium caseinate and 3 were infused with control fluid alone. From 120 days the animals were fed 3 hourly intervals from a belt feeder to achieve steady state and at 125-130 days had intravenous plasma samples pooled for analysis. There was no effect of nutritional supplementation on birth weight. Casein supplementation was associated with reduced maternal PL concentrations but glucose supplementation had no effect on PL concentrations. Circulating PL concentrations showed a positive correlation to IGF-2 activity (r = 0.64, P less than 0.05) and a negative relation to IGF-1 concentrations (r = -0.73, P less than 0.05). IGF-1 levels were higher (P less than 0.05) and IGF-2 levels were lower (P less than 0.05) in nutritionally supplemented ewes. In the ewe, NEFA concentrations showed a negative relationship to IGF-1 (r = -0.75, P less than 0.05) and a positive relationship with IGF-2 (r = 0.87, P less than 0.1). Similar relationships were observed in the ewe at term. These observations suggest that nutritional factors and PL may be important determinants of IGF-2 secretion in the late-gestation ewe. They suggest the possibility that IGF-2 mediates the lipolytic effects of PL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effects of novel vaccines on weight loss in diet-induced-obese （DIO） mice

The purpose of the study was to test the therapeutic effects of novel vaccines for reducing weight gain and increasing weight loss in diet induced obesity (DIO) model. Male C57BL/6 J mice, fed a 60% Kcal fat diet for 8 weeks prior to the start of the study, were vaccinated via the intraperitoneal route with two formulations (JH17 & JH18) of chimeric-somatostatin vaccines at 1 and 22 days of the study. Control mice were injected with PBS. All mice continued to be feed the 60% Kcal fat diet for the 6 week study. Body weights were measured two times a week and food intake was measured weekly. At week 6, mice were euthanized and a terminal bleed was made and antibody levels to somatostatin and levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were determined. Vaccination with both vaccine formulations induced a statistically significant body weight change over the study period, as compared with PBS controls. Percentage of baseline body weight was also significantly affected by vaccination during the study period. Vaccinates finished the study at 104% and 107% of baseline weight, JH17 & JH18 respectively, while untreated controls reached 115% of baseline weight. Food intake per mouse was similar in all mouse groups during the entire study. Control mice did not demonstrate any antibody titers to somatostatin, while all vaccinated mice had measurable antibody responses (> 1:500,000 titer). IGF-1 levels were not statistically significant among the groups, but were elevated in the JH18 vaccinates (mean 440.4 ng/mL) when compared with PBS controls (mean 365.6 ng/mL). Vaccination with either JH17 or JH18 chimeric-somatostatin vaccines produced a statistically significant weight loss as compared with PBS controls (P < 0.0001), even though the DIO mice with continually fed a 60% Kcal fat diet. The weight loss/lower weight gain observations were even more significant, as all mice consumed similar amounts of food for the entire study. The presence of high levels of anti-somatostatin antibodies at 6 weeks was correlative with the weight observations and confirmed the success of vaccination.     

棘腹蛙生长激素/类胰岛素样生长因子轴关键基因的克隆与序列特征分析

机体的生长激素(GH)/类胰岛素样生长因子(IGFs)轴由GH系统和IGFs系统构成,可促进细胞增殖、调节生长发育、调控生理代谢,在机体生长发育调控方面有着重要作用。为明确棘腹蛙GH/IGFs轴的功能结构和进化特征,为棘腹蛙生长发育调控方面的研究提供理论依据,本试验对棘腹蛙GH、类胰岛素生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)和类胰岛素生长因子-Ⅱ(IGF-Ⅱ)进行克隆并对其序列特征进行分析。结果显示:1)与两栖类模式动物的多重序列比对发现,棘腹蛙GH、IGF-Ⅰ和IGF-Ⅱ的功能结构域严格保守,具有一定的遗传多态性;IGF-Ⅱ的N端呈简缩进化趋势。2)遗传进化聚类分析发现,棘腹蛙IGFs与两栖动物聚为一支,并与硬骨鱼相对近缘,说明IGF-Ⅰ和IGF-Ⅱ进化地位相对原始;棘腹蛙GH则与蛙类、鱼类等水生动物相对近缘,暗示该基因具有趋同进化趋势。3)为进一步明确上述基因的特异性功能位点,利用Swiss-model server软件解析其蛋白质结构,最终确定IGF-Ⅰ的THR52、LEU53、PHE72、PHE73、SER74为潜在的功能分化位点,IGF-Ⅱ的TYR81、LYS82、LYS83为潜在的功能分化位点,GH的PHE208为潜在的功能分化位点。由此可知,棘腹蛙GH/IGFs轴的主要基因相对保守,但与已知模式物种相比,存在潜在的功能分化位点,可作为后期棘腹蛙GH/IGF轴功能研究和遗传进化特征分析的分子靶标。     

围产期绵羊血浆胰岛素样生长因子-1水平的动态变化及胆酸负荷对其的影响

:6只成年考力代妊娠母羊 ,经 2周适应饲养后随机分为两组。在安装颈静脉血管瘘后 ,一组通过颈静脉瘘管灌注胆酸 ( 2mg/kg) ,另一组同步灌注等量的生理盐水。间隔 1 4天灌注 1次 ,直至分娩。在灌注前和灌注后每天定时采取血样 ,测定血浆IGF -1水平 ,研究绵羊围产期血浆IGF -1的动态变化及胆酸负荷对其的影响。结果表明 ,围产期母羊血浆IGF -1正常水平在 572 .1 0± 2 0 7.1 5ng/ml～ 787.1 2±4 2 .33ng/ml之间 ,没有明显的动态变化规律。但分娩后的IGF -1平均水平显著低于分娩前平均值 ,分别是 639.54± 56.37ng/ml和 70 5.2 1± 52 .2 4ng/ml(P <0 .0 5)。胆酸灌注组母羊妊娠后期血浆IGF -1水平平均为 62 5.2 8± 85.56ng/ml,比对照母羊低 (P <0 .0 5)。本研究提示妊娠后期绵羊母体血浆高水平的IGF -1可能与胎儿生长发育有关 ;胆酸负荷可能影响了妊娠母体的肝功能或胎盘的调节作用