杂交棉高效制种及栽培技术研究

杂交棉制种技术关系到杂交棉种的成本、杂交种的纯度,影响到杂交棉产量的高低和植棉的经济效益.杂交棉的栽培方法不同于常规棉,只有采取高效的栽培技术才能充分发挥杂交棉的增产潜力,通过长期的研究与总结,本文形成杂交棉高效制种及栽培技术,利用于棉花制种和生产.     

故乡的茶

正又是一年要过去了,之所以叫春节不叫冬节,是盼着春的温暖而非冬的寒冷,是念着希望的开始而非悲凉的结束,是许着嫩绿的春芽而非沉睡的大地。好在这冬春之交,年来了。窗花、对联、灯笼、炮仗,火红的来了,连邻家的姑娘都换上了一年一见的花衣裳,年的色彩来了;年的味道您闻见了吗!大锅盖揭开了,热气似火箭喷发般的涌     

探访碧螺春

我是爱茶的人。茶可消食,茶可解乏,茶可清心,茶可益思,茶的好处多得难以枚举。我喜欢茶的淡雅清香,尤其是它营造的清雅氛围,和它造就的闲适和愉悦的情调。我喝茶的历史,毫不夸张地讲,足有三十年,我几乎喝遍我国所产的名茶。这在于环境的熏陶,我     

机耕茶園对於規劃設計的要求

随着國家社会主义建設事業的發展,茶園机械化已經成为必然的發展趋势,但我國現有的旧茶園面積很小,茶樹另星分佈,給今后的机械耕作带來嚴重的阻碍,这部份旧茶園要实行机械耕作是毫無疑問的必須進行一系列的改造工作,可是各地目前正在大規模的开闢新茶園,由于对今后茶園机械耕作的思想不够明确,因此進行开闢时在茶园的规划設計上存在一些問題,例如浙江     

制约黄、红麻纤维生产发展的主要因素与对策

通过对国内外黄麻及其纤维 2001-2005 年生产情况、纤维产量的分布特征和以黄红麻纤维及副产品为主要原料开发的新产品概况分析,结合多年从事研究工作的经验,提出制约黄红麻纤维生产的主要因素为原料生产过程中的收获、沤洗加工劳动强度大、耗工多、脱胶沤洗污染严重,纤维品质受气候及水质等条件影响大;产业链接缺乏协调、产业政策扶持力度不足;育种目标单一,种植者自我定位错位,难以适应加工业日益增长的多种需求;副产品利用程度低,影响植庥整体效益的提高.对解决这些问题提出建议增加黄红麻生产机械研究的投入,加快黄红麻纤维工厂化快速脱胶技术的研发、应用;加强产业内部协调合作,加大产业政策扶持力度;应用现代生物技术,结合行之有效的育种手段,加快多用途品种选育;充分利用成熟的副产品利用技术,提高植庥的整体效益.     

5类茶叶对Con A刺激的小鼠脾淋巴细胞~3H-TdR掺入的影响

研究了5类茶对 ConA 刺激的小鼠脾淋巴细胞~3H-TdR 掺入的影响。结果表明,用2%的茉莉花茶、绿茶、红茶和白茶灌胃,均能显著促进 ConA 刺激的正常和血虚小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化,但乌龙茶的促进作用不显著。对不同浓度 ConA 刺激的正常和血虚小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖反应,2%的茉莉花茶、绿茶、红茶和白茶也分别高于对照组。小鼠脾淋巴细胞活化所需的最适 ConA 浓度,健康小鼠为12.5μg/ml(绿茶、红茶和白茶)和17.5μg/ml(茉莉花茶),血虚小鼠为22.5μg/ml。上述结果表明,2%的茉莉花茶     

荣膺申奥国礼 再续坦洋盛名

一份国茶使命、一份家乡茗茶情节,让从业多年的被称为专家的中年老茶人林瑞富带着一份厚重的责任,倾注自己的真工夫全力塑造热恋家乡的好茶——坦洋工夫。他将一同带领他的团队为坦洋工夫重塑金身,再创辉煌不懈努力、不断向前……——题记     

麻类的分级检验（续）

一、长度检验的意义麻的长度是指纤维(生麻或熟麻)的长短而言。麻的长短对品质、产量和使用价值都有一定的关系。因此,实行长度检验可促使麻农改进栽培技术,选育良种,对提高产量和质量均有一定的意义。(一)长度与农业增产的关系麻的单株纤维含量是决定单位面积产量的主要因素,而株高、茎粗、皮厚、茎重与单株的纤维重量呈正相关。也就是株高纤维产量高,株矮产量低。而麻株中的     

豫南棉区抗虫杂交棉栽培技术

抗虫杂交棉利用转基因抗虫棉的抗虫性状,又克服了转基因抗虫棉存在的铃小、衣分低、易早衰等缺陷.有效地提高了棉花的产量,实践证明,推广种植抗虫杂交棉是实现棉花增产的有效途径.     

如何提升植棉效益

棉农的植棉效益很大程度上取决于市场棉价。但作为弱势群体的棉农没有价格的发言权,只能被动地接受市场。在市场经济日益完善的今天,如何化被动为主动,把握市场提升植棉效益呢?笔者认为:棉农作为产品的第一生产力,虽无法左右市场,但可以在数量和质量上即棉花品级和产量上下功夫。因此,一定程度上棉农不仅能决定棉价,而且能决定全年的植棉效益。精心选择适应本地的优良棉种,采取科学的栽培手段,以较低的成本投入,就能获得较高的产量和品级收益。1增产是提升植棉效益的根本1·1选用高产品种杂交棉自20世纪90年代推广以来,以其优势强、结桃多、…     

Milling,functional and thermo-mechanical properties of wheat,rye, triticale,barley and oat

The milling potential of hulled barley, hulled oat, triticale, rye and wheat was studied using a long tempering process and a laboratory four-roller mill. Regardless of the investigated cereal, the results indicated a significant influence (p < 0.05) of volume per surface area ratio on the milling yield and ash contents of the flour. The lowest milling yield was obtained in case of hulled oat. Solvent retention capacity profiles were determined for all investigated whole cereals and flours for predicting the contribution of different polymers to the functionality of samples. For all solvents higher values were obtained for the whole cereals compared to the corresponding flour. Thermo-mechanical properties of the whole cereals and refined flours were also investigated. If in case of wheat the gluten proteins play an essential role on dough behaviour during kneading at 30 °C, in case of triticale, rye, hulled barley and hulled oat, the fibers play a major role as well. Thermo-mechanical properties of starch registered a large variation between cereals and/or flours. The lowest torque value corresponding to starch gelatinization (C3) was registered in case of the hulled oat flour, 1.92 Nm, while the highest value in case of rye flour, 2.65 Nm.     

WTO与茶叶--法治、创新、流通、标准、茶协

本文从以法治茶;科技创新,以新品种、新技术、新机械设备,促使茶产品"升级换代;搞活流通;建立"茶市场",规范管理;实施标准,创立名牌;发挥协会、学会、商会的作用.由政府牵头,调动官、企、产、学、研各方面力量,建设浙茶为现代化、产业化的强省,为"入世"作好积极的准备.     

Ester and ether linkages between hydroxycinnamic acids and lignins from wheat,rice, rye,and barley straws,maize stems,and fast-growing poplar wood

Treatment of solvent extracted wheat, rice, rye, and barley straws, maize stems, and fast-growing poplar wood with 60% aqueous ethanol in 0.2 M HCl at 75 °C for 3 h released 51.8, 51.2, 47.2, 43.7, 54.0, and 16.7% of the original lignin, and 44.3, 50.3, 30.9, 36.1, 40.0, and 25.5% of the original hemicelluloses, respectively. It was found that the bulk of p-coumaric acid (PCA) (67.0–83.5%) was esterified at the lignin side chains, while ferulic acid (FA) is linked to lignin side chains through both ether bonds (51.6–68.3%) and ester bonds (31.7–48.4%), indicating that FA may form intra- and/or inter-molecular ester–ether bridges between lignin fragments, which is first proposed in this study. In addition to p-hydroxybenzoic acid esterified to lignins in the cell walls of wheat straw and fast-growing poplar wood, a small portion of ether-linked p-hydroxybenzoic acid in the lignin preparations, obtained from rice, rye, and barley straws and maize stems, was also detected. It was also detected that noticeable amounts of syringic and vanillic acids were predominantly esterified to the lignin molecules in the cell walls of the materials studied.     

Fucanomics and galactanomics: marine distribution, medicinal impact, conceptions, and challenges

Glycomics turned out to be a very extensive project where its subdivision is consequently emerging. This is seen by the growing number of terminologies used to define subprojects concerning particular classes of bioactive carbohydrates. Sulfated fucans (SFs) and sulfated galactans (SGs) are relatively new classes of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) that occur mostly in marine organisms, and exhibit a broad range of medicinal effects. Their structures are taxonomically dependent, and their therapeutic actions include benefits in inflammation, coagulation, thrombosis, angiogenesis, cancer, oxidation, and infections. Some red algae, marine angiosperm and invertebrates express SPs of unique structures composed of regular repeating oligomeric units of well-defined sulfation patterns. This fine pattern of structural regularity is quite rare among any naturally occurring long SPs, and enables accurate structure-biofunction correlations. Seeing that, fucanomics and galactanomics may comprise distinguished glycomics subprojects. We hereby discuss the relevance that justifies the international recognition of these subprojects in the current glycomics age associated with the beneficial outcomes that these glycans may offer in drug development.     

Phytosterol,Squalene, Tocopherol Content and Fatty Acid Profile of Selected Seeds,Grains, and Legumes

The unsaponifiable lipid fraction of plant-based foods is a potential source of bioactive components such as phytosterols, squalene, and tocopherols. The objective of the present study was to determine the levels of phytosterols, and squalene, as well as tocopherols (α and β + γ) in selected grains, seeds, and legumes. The method comprised acid hydrolysis and lipid extraction followed by alkaline saponification, prior to analysis by HPLC. In addition, the fatty acid profile of the foods was determined via total lipid extraction, fatty acid derivitisation and GC analysis. In general, β-sitosterol was the most prevalent phytosterol, ranging in concentration from 24.9 mg/100 g in pumpkin seed to 191.4 mg/100 g in peas. Squalene identified in all foods examined in this study, was particularly abundant in pumpkin seed (89.0 mg/100 g). The sum of α- and β+ γ-tocopherols ranged from 0.1 mg/100 g in rye to 15.9 mg/100 g in pumpkin seeds. Total oil content ranged from 0.9% (w/w) in butter beans to 42.3% (w/w) in pumpkin seed and the type of fat, in all foods examined, was predominantly unsaturated. In conclusion, seeds, grains, and legumes are a rich natural source of phytosterols. Additionally, they contain noticeable amounts of squalene and tocopherols, and in general, their fatty acid profile is favorable.     

Plant population,planting date,and germplasm effects on guayule latex,rubber, and resin yields

Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is a perennial shrub native to the Chihuahuan Desert. While guayule traditionally has been cultivated for rubber, more recently it is being cultivated for its hypoallergenic latex. Other uses including termite resistant wood products and an energy source have also been identified. However, the effects of various agronomic practices, such as planting and harvesting dates, plant spacing, cutting height and frequency, irrigation frequency, and herbicide application, on latex concentration and yield of newly developed germplasm have not been reported. The objectives of this study were to determine the yield and concentration of latex, rubber, and resin of four guayule lines planted at two populations and two planting dates. Four guayule lines (AZ-1, AZ-3, AZ-5, and 11591) were transplanted at two dates (28 November 2000 and 7 June 2001) and two plant populations (27,000 and 54,000 plants ha^?1). Treatments were replicated four times. Each treatment plot was subdivided into six subplots for harvesting at 6-month intervals beginning 1 year after transplanting. Results showed that transplanting date did not affect plant size or latex concentration or yield consistently. Instead, it appeared that the time of harvest (fall vs. spring) was more important. The sixth (last harvest) in the fall planting date and the fifth harvest date in the spring planting date were the optimum for plant biomass and latex, rubber, and resin concentrations and yields. The lines AZ-1 and AZ-3 were larger, whereas AZ-5 had higher latex and rubber concentrations than the control, 11591. The greater plant population (54,000 plants ha^?1) had higher biomass, rubber, and resin yields than the lower population (27,000 plants ha^?1) at the early harvest dates, but not at the later harvest dates (5 and 6). More studies must to be conducted to determine the optimum plant population and transplanting date for other newly developed guayule germplasm lines.     

氮磷钾肥对稻米铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响

 采用田间试验，在四川省西昌市用两个水稻品种研究了氮、磷、钾肥施用量对稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响。结果表明，稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量均随着施氮量增加先上升后下降，滇屯502的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量都以施用90 kg/hm2 N最高，稻谷产量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高；而合系39的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙的含量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高，稻谷产量以施用270 kg/hm2 N最高，说明供试籼型品种滇屯502对氮肥的敏感性较粳型品种合系39强；磷肥明显降低了稻米中铁、铜、锰、钙的含量和产量，适量增施磷肥有利于增加稻米中镁的含量和产量；适量施用钾肥有利于提高稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰含量和产量，两供试品种铁、锌、铜、锰含量均以90 kg/hm2 K2O时最高，而钾肥明显降低了稻米中镁、钙的含量和产量。     

Temperature,cyanide, and oxygen effects on the respiration,chip color,sugars, and organic acids of stored tubers

The possibility that sugar accumulation of potatoes stored at low temperatures may be linked to activation of cyanide-resistant respiration (CRR) was investigated. After a lag period of several days, continuous HCN treatment stimulated CO₂ production of tubers stored in 20% O₂. At 1°C in 20% O₂, HCN treatment increased respiration over that effected by low temperature treatment. After several weeks of treatment, cyanide-stimulated CO₂ production was greater at 1°C than at 10°C. Sucrose and malate levels of HCN treated tubers were sometimes higher than those of the 10°C control tubers, but they were always lower than those of the 1°C control tubers. This indicated that CRR alone could not account for the sugar increases at 1°C. Storage in 2% O₂ blocked the increase in CO₂ production and changes in constituents associated with HCN treatments in 20% O₂. HCN treatment had no significant effect on chip color. The level of CRR was measured in freshly cut slices from Monona, Norchip, and Kennebec tubers previously stored at 10°, 5°, or 1°C for several months. Slices from tubers previously stored at 1°C had increased CRR, but there was no difference in CRR between the 5°C and 10°C treatments. Sugars accumulated at 5°C, again indicating that sugar accumulation in potatoes stored at low temperatures was at least partially independent of the activation of CRR.