辣椒主要经济性状遗传研究进展

对国内外关于辣椒品种的早熟性状、丰产性状、品质性状等经济性状的遗传特性及性状间相关的研究进展作了分析．指出了今后的研究方向。     

中国南瓜地方品种资源主要经济性状的评价

对24份中国南瓜地方品种资源的3个成熟期性状、2个产量性状7、个果实商品性状和2个果实品质性状进行了分析评价,结果表明,中国南瓜地方品种资源具有丰富的性状表现,能满足不同育种目标的需要,为合理利用中国南瓜地方品种资源提供了参考。     

广西特色果树种质资源数据信息库建立

介绍了广西特色果树种质资源数据信息库的设计目标、系统结构、果树形态特征分类模块设计、功能模块。录入了广西南亚热带农业科学研究所收集保存的80种果树,600多个品种(系)的8个信息板块(基本信息、植物学性状、农艺性状、品质性状、抗逆性状、抗病虫害性状、分子标记和照片影像资料)等主要性状特征描述800多项。该系统是2014年广西科技开发计划项目课题,旨在探索建立完善的广西热带亚热带果树种质资源数据信息管理系统。     

不结球白菜（Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis）主要性状及育种技术的分子生物学研究新进展

从不结球白菜(Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis)外观性状、品质性状、抗性性状和育种相关性状及技术等方面对近10年来国内的研究工作进行了回顾,并提出了不结球白菜的分子生物学研究存在的问题,以期为中国不结球白菜分子生物学的研究、创新与利用提供科学依据。     

春兰属植物表型性状的多样性研究

以10个春兰属品种为试材,对其16个数量性状指标进行了方差分析、相关性分析和聚类分析;对其10个质量性状进行概率分布分析.结果表明:春兰属植物种内的形态性状变异较小,大部分质量性状表现较稳定,数量性状变异较小;种间的形态性状有一定的变异,数量性状上个别表现明显,质量性状表现一致性较高,并且各形态性状间也存在一定的相关性.通过聚类分析表明,16个数量性状可被聚为2类.     

苹果种质资源主要描述标准比较分析

种质资源描述标准是研究和利用种质资源的基础。介绍了国内外7个主要苹果种质资源描述标准的制定国家、发布时间、性状选择以及评价方法,并对其植物学特征和生物学性状进行归纳、整理,比较分析了各标准在描述符性质、层次结构、描述符性状选择以及编码方式等方面的差异。指出我国今后若进一步修订与完善苹果种质资源性状描述标准,可从3个方面进行借鉴:描述性状选择以必选性状为主;样本采集应严格规定取样数量、取样方法及砧木的一致性;性状鉴定以过程控制为主,兼顾结果控制,增加可操作性和可重复性。     

甜瓜种质资源的R型聚类分析及典型相关分析

在前文报道的基础上,进一步研讨了甜瓜性状间的关系。R 型聚类分析揭示了主导甜瓜进化的相关性状群,并表明在人类的驯化过程中,该性状群逐渐解体,甜瓜的多型性随即产生。对甜瓜果实性状,种子性状的典型相关分析表明了性状群相关变异的重要性。在第一、第二对典型变量决定的平面上清楚地显示了不同类型甜瓜的进化位置,即野生附瓜→薄皮甜瓜→厚皮甜瓜。     

木本植物天然种群间叶、果表型性状变异研究进展

植物表型变异研究是遗传多样性研究的基础,也是遗传改良育种的重要基础。为寻找优良性状遗传种质资源的重要途径,从叶表型性状变异、种实表型性状变异、其他表型性状变异3个方面整理了木本植物天然种群间表型性状变异研究进展,梳理了木本植物近年来表型性状变异研究。在总结以往研究的基础上,展望今后木本植物天然种群间表型变异研究方向,旨在为木本植物表型变异研究提供参考。     

苹果杂种实生苗叶片性状遗传趋势研究

以7个苹果品种及5个杂交组合的F1代种苗为试材,测定并评价了叶长、叶宽、叶厚、叶面积、叶形指教5个表现性状,研究了苹果杂种后代叶片性状的遗传规律.结果表明:苹果叶片性状呈现明显的衰退趋势,叶片性状在杂交后代中存在广泛变异,叶片大小在个体间的差异变化最大,比较适合作为杂交后代叶片性状早期选择的指标.     

不同回交代数对乌塌菜核不育系植物学性状和经济性状转育效果的影响

为转育植物学性状和经济性状与乌塌菜相似的核基因雄性不育系,将不育源与乌塌菜自交系的杂交一代与乌塌菜轮回亲本进行多代回交,对不同回交世代材料的植物学性状、经济性状、植株群体整齐度与乌塌菜自交系进行比较.结果表明:回交3代性状与乌塌菜自交系非常相近,群体整齐度较高,达到了植物学性状和经济性状转育的目标.因此推断,转育乌塌菜核不育系最佳回交代数为回交3代.     

不同季节芦笋嫩茎品质的差异研究

研究了在季节性萌发的芦笋嫩茎中,其碳水化合物、蛋白质、矿物盐类含量的变化,结果表明:春季萌发的芦笋与秋季芦笋相比干物质增加10.3%、蔗糖增加59.2%、可溶性总糖增加20.2%,而纤维素下降14.3%;矿物质P、K、Mg、Zn、B、Cu含量春季芦笋明显高于秋季芦笋,Ca含量受季节的影响较小,Na和S含量春季芦笋明显低于秋季芦笋;总蛋白、总氨基酸、类胡萝卜素和黄酮春季芦笋比秋季芦笋分别提高3.64%、25.20%、43.60%和20.00%.在春季不同采收期中,芦笋品质指标差异较大,早春季产的芦笋综合品种为优,在秋季芦笋中差异较小.     

乐都县引进大樱桃效益分析及栽培技术

从气候和区域地理优势角度,对大樱桃在乐都县的发展及栽培优势作出了简单介绍,对栽培大樱桃的效益作出了分析,指出大樱桃在乐都县具有较高的栽培前景,并对大樱桃的栽培技术作了一般性介绍.     

Nucleostemin specific RNAi influences cell proliferation in HeLa cells in vitro and in vivo

AIM: To examine Nucleostemin (NS) expression in tumor cells, and observe the effect of NS specific RNA interference on the cell proliferation in Hela cells. METHODS: Total RNA was extracted from 6 kinds of cultured tumor lines, the NS expression level was measured by RT-PCR and Northern blot. An NS-specific siRNA expression vector was constructed to transfect HeLa cell (NS-siRNA-HeLa), and the proliferation of the cell was observed. RESULTS: NS was highly expressed in 6 kinds of tumor cells. NS expression level in the NS-siRNA-HeLa cells was remarkably reduced, and the percentage of G0/G1 cells increased. The neoplasm forming ability in nude mice by the NS-siRNA-HeLa cells was decreased. CONCLUSION: NS is highly expressed among tumor cells. NS-specific siRNA inhibits the entry of the cell cycle into the S phase, and remarkably reduces the proliferation ability of HeLa cells in vitro and in vivo.     

2020年山东省泰沂山区苹果春季冻害调研报告

调查了2020年4月份3次大风降温天气对山东泰沂山区苹果主产县的影响情况。结果表明,4月5日低温冻害明显,9~12日低温冻害不明显,20~23日低温使个别地区冻害程度加剧;4月5日5~7时局部地区气温降至-6.1℃,沂水和沂源的苹果冻害严重,蒙阴稍轻,泰安、新泰和肥城基本未发生冻害;低洼地、近水地果树冻害明显高于山坡地;枝条、叶片、花瓣冻害较轻,雄蕊花药、花丝和雌蕊子房冻害较重,中心花较重边花较轻,均以子房受冻明显。在发生冻害的区域,富士品种受冻害严重,金冠、嘎拉受冻害较轻;受冻害程度晚熟品种>中熟品种>早熟品种,普通型品种>短枝型品种。     

Role of PARP-2 in cardiac hypertrophy in rats

AIM: To investigate the expression of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-2 (PARP-2) during rat cardiac hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo, and to explore the effects of PARP-2 on the cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS: Abdominal aortic coarctation (AAC) was performed to establish a model of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in SD rats. The expression of PARP-2 at mRNA and protein levels in the myocardium was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot. The hypertrophy model of the cardiomyocytes was induced by treating the cells with angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ). PARP-2 was knocked down by siRNAs in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and the cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was evaluated by measuring the mRNA levels of ANF, BNP, and β-MHC and the cellular surface area. RESULTS: The expression of PARP-2 at mRNA and protein levels was both increased in the AAC rats as compared with those in the sham animals. The expression of PARP-2 at mRNA and protein levels was also increased in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in AngⅡ-induced hypertrophy model of the cardiomyocytes. In the neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, knockdown of PARP-2 expression by siRNA attenuated AngⅡ-induced cardiac hypertrophy of the cardiomyocytes, indicating that endogenous PARP-2 played a positive regulatory role in cardiac hypertrophy. CONCLUSION: The mRNA and protein levels of PARP-2 increase in the in vitro and in vivo models of cardiac hypertrophy. Knockdown of PARP-2 protects cardiomyocytes from hypertrophy.     

Behaviour of some pesticides in a nutrient-film and in a rock-wool system

Adsorption of ethoprophos, tetrachlorvinphos and etridiazole onto rock-wool was found to be much weaker than adsorption onto soils. The rates of transformation in water and in water plus rock-wool at 20°C were low. The concentration of etridiazole was measured in a nutrient-film system with recirculating nutrient solution. The decrease was rapid in the first few hours but was more gradual afterwards, to low values at 8 days after application. Etridiazole penetrated poorly into the lower part of a rock-wool system when the solution was trickled near the stem-base of the tomato plants.     

Change of mTORC2 pathway in amphetamine-induced injury in rat striatum

AIM: To explore the change of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) pathway in amphetamine (AMPH)-induced injury in the central nervous system in rats. METHODS: The animal model was established by intraperitoneal injection of AMPH (2.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1). SD rats were randomly divided into control, saline and AMPH groups. The rat autonomous behaviors were tested by open field experiment. The changes of the neurons and fibers in the rat striatum were observed under transmission electron microscope. The change of mTORC2 signaling pathway in the striatum was detected by Western blot. The immunohistochemical method was applied to observe the changes of mTORC2 positive neurons in the striatum. RESULTS: The stereotyped behavior in AMPH group at 7 d and 14 d was induced. The ultrastructural injury of the neurons and fibers in the striatum was observed in AMPH group at 14 d. In the striatum, p-Rictor (S1219) expression in AMPH group was reduced compared with control group (P<0.01), and the protein level of p-Akt (T308) in AMPH group at 14 d was decreased (P<0.01). The number of p-Rictor (S1219) positive cells in AMPH group at 7 d and 14 d was reduced compared with control group. The result was consistent with that of Western blot. CONCLUSION: The structural damage of the striatum induced by AMPH may be associated with the inhibition of mTORC2/Akt signaling pathway.     

永州地区早春大棚甜瓜新品种引进比较试验

为筛选出适宜永州地区早春大棚种植的甜瓜新品种,通过随机区组设计,对6个参试甜瓜品种进行比较。试验结果表明,脆禧表现为早熟,一品红、玉菇生育期与CK(雪峰蜜2号)接近,3个品种均表现高产,且商品性、口感、含糖量较优,因此认为脆禧、一品红、玉菇这3个品种适宜在湖南永州地区推广种植。     

Dopamine in substantia nigra is involved in the regulation of synthesis and lipolysis of retroperitoneal white adipose tissue in rats

AIM: To observe the alterations of fatty acid synthase (FAS), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and phosphorylated HSL (p-HSL) in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced Parkinson disease (PD) rat model. METHODS: SD rats (n=20) were randomly divided into PD model group and control group. 6-OHDA was injected into bilateral substantia nigra (SN) of the rats in PD model group, and the same volume of saline was injected into the same position of the rats in control group. Food intake was measured daily. Six weeks after operation, rotarod test was performed, and the body weight and rWAT weight of the rats were recorded. Immunohistochemistry was used to observed the change of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in SN. HE staining was used to observe the morphological change of adipocytes in rWAT, and the diameter of adipocytes was measured by ImageJ software. The protein levels of TH in SN, and FAS, p-HSL and HSL in rWAT were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with control group, TH-positive neurons in SN were significantly reduced, and the motor ability of PD model rats was significantly decreased. No obvious change of daily food intake and body weight was observed, but the ratio of rWAT weight/body weight and the diameter of adipocytes in rWAT of PD model rats were significantly decreased. The protein level of FAS was decreased significantly. The protein level of p-HSL was increased significantly, while the protein level of HSL did not change. CONCLUSION: Dopamine in SN is involved in the regulation of rWAT synthesis and lipolysis in rats. The metabolic changes of rWAT caused by the destroy of SN may be related to the weight loss of PD patients.     

云南迪庆金江木耳驯化栽培研究

云南省迪庆州香格里拉县金江镇打芝坝村仿野生黑木耳栽培技术极其原始,管理粗放,产量极低,但该种木耳口感细腻,品质极佳,价格高昂。为了提高产量,增加经济效益,研究组对该木耳进行了菌种分离（菌株YUCM510200）、鉴定,以及菌株的耐高温和栽培实验研究。研究结果显示,该木耳耐高温,出耳速度快,耳基致密,耳片为薄片型,菊花状,孕面呈灰黑色,背面有毛。产品外观、口味和仿野生栽培的木耳基本相同,只是在泡发时的香气较弱;生物学效率为每公斤干料产鲜木耳1300 g,以干品计为100 g。该品种由于耐高温能力强,在热带地区具有推广价值。