荷斯坦牛BoLA-DRB3基因多态性及其与乳房炎抗性关系分析

以PCR-RFLP方法检测了BoLA-DRB3基因在荷斯坦奶牛中的多态性，并统计分析了产犊年季和BoLA-DRB3基因分别被RsaⅠ和HaeⅢ酶切后的不同基因型对SCS及其它产乳性状的影响。结果表明：RsaⅠAD型的SCS显著高于RsaⅠEG型（P〈0．05）。另外，年季和BoLA-DRB3被RsaⅠ酶切后的不同基因型对蛋白率和乳脂率的影响均达到了显著水平（P〈0．05）。HaeⅢAB型个体的蛋白率显著高于HaeⅢAA型（P〈0．05）。     

中国荷斯坦牛BoLA-DRB3.2基因座的PCR-RFLP多态性分析

主要组织复合体(Major Histocompatibility Complex,MHC)基因在动物机体免疫系统中具有重要作用,并与多种疾病的抗性或易感性存在相关性。利用限制性内切酶HaeⅢ和RsaⅠ通过FCR-RFLP技术分析了112头中国荷斯坦牛BoLA-DRB3.2基因的多态性。结果表明:所检测牛群中BoLA-DRB3.2基因在两个酶切位点均存在多态性,HaeⅢ酶切位点存在4种等位基因,有4种基因型;RsaⅠ酶切位点存在3种等位基因,有4种基因型。经χ~2适合性检验,所检测牛群中BoLA-DRB3.2基因在两个酶切位点均未达到Hardy-weinberg平衡状态。     

中国荷斯坦牛BoLA-DRB3.2基因座的PCR-RFLP多态性分析

主要组织复合体(Major Histocompatibility Complex,MHC)基因在动物机体免疫系统中具有重要作用,并与多种疾病的抗性或易感性存在相关性.利用限制性内切酶HaeⅢ和RsaⅠ通过PCR-RFLP技术分析了112头中国荷斯坦牛BoLA-DRB3.2基因的多态性.结果表明:所检测牛群中BoLA-DRB3.2基因在两个酶切位点均存在多态性,HaeⅢ酶切位点存在4种等位基因,有4种基因型;RsaⅠ酶切位点存在3种等位基因,有4种基因型.经x2适合性检验,所检测牛群中BoLA-DRB3.2基因在两个酶切位点均未达到Hardy-weinberg平衡状态.     

BoLA-DRB3基因多态性及其与奶牛乳房炎关系的研究进展

主要组织相容性复合体(major histocompatibility complex,MHC)是由脊椎动物的一组紧密连锁基因构成的复合座位,奶牛MHC即BoLA基因,位于牛的第23号染色体的短臂上,它们控制着机体的免疫应答和疾病易感性,是疾病的抗病性和易感性的候选标记基因.由于奶牛BoLA-DRB3基因多态性最为丰富,在免疫中起着重要作用,其与奶牛乳房炎的关系已成为国内外研究的热点.现将BoLA-DRB3基因多态性及其与奶牛乳房炎关系的研究进展综述如下.     

牛CAPN3基因多态性及与肉质性状相关性分析

以中国草原红牛、西门塔尔牛、利木赞牛、天一冈山黑牛为试验对象,利用PCR-SSCP结合测序的方法进行SNPs检测,并采用SPSS软件分析CAPN3基因的遗传多态性与肉质性状的关系。结果表明,仅在草原红牛及天一冈山黑牛中发现第46 414处（NC_007308）发生G→T的突变,且发生G→T突变的位点所对应不同基因型的个体,其大理石花纹、失水率、滴水损失和剪切力这些肉质性状存在显著差异,而西门塔尔牛和利木赞牛中未发现此突变。     

荷斯坦奶牛BoLA—DRB3基因多态性与乳房炎相关性分析

本研究采用HaeⅢ和EstY Ⅰ内切酶,以PCR-RFLP方法分别检测了新疆地区引进的澳大利亚荷斯坦奶牛BoLA-DRB3基因的多态性及其与乳房炎的相关性.结果共检测到9种基因型5种等位基因.其中基因型HaeⅢAB和Bsty ⅠAA为优势基因型.等位基因HaeⅡA和Bsty Ⅰ A为优势基因;在高于健康牛的分布频率中,基因型HaeⅢAB和Bsty ⅠAB,基因HaeⅢB和BstY Ⅰ A基因频率在感染牛中分布频率最高:在高于感染牛的分布频率中.基因型HaeⅢAA和BstY Ⅰ AA,基因HaeⅢA和BstY Ⅰ A在健康牛中分布频率最高.经X2适合性检验,HaeⅢ酶切位点的碱基突变偏离平衡状态(P<0.01),而BstY Ⅰ酶切位点碱基突变达到平衡状态(P>0.05);HaeⅢ酶切基因型和基因频率在感染牛和健康牛中分布差异均极显著(P<0.01);BstYⅠ酶切基因型和基因频率在感染牛和健康牛中的分布差异均不显著(P>0.05).     

西门塔尔牛CS基因多态性与肉质性状的相关性分析

以柠檬酸合成酶基因（citrate synthetase,CS）为候选基因,分析了该基因外显子3的遗传多态性与西门塔尔牛肉质性状的相关关系。选用95头西门塔尔牛为试验材料,采用PCR-RFLP的方法对该基因的外显子多态性进行检测,并利用SPSS软件对该外显子多态性与肉质性状的相关性进行分析。结果表明：CS基因第三外显子第206bp处存在G/A突变,该基因多态性与脂肪颜色呈显著相关,AA型显著高于BB型。对其他性状的影响差异不显著。通过研究CS基因外显子的多态性,为西门塔尔牛利用该基因的多态性进行分子育种提供了试验依据。     

牛TLR4基因的遗传多态性与乳房炎的关联分析

TLR4通过识别病原体而激活免疫细胞，在先天免疫和适应性免疫防御中起着重要作用。以中国荷斯坦奶牛、三河牛和中国西门塔尔牛共397头为研究对象，利用创造酶切位点PCR法扩增243bp的目的片段，通过限制性内切酶HinfⅠ酶切来检测TLR4第3外显子的多态性，结果发现扩增产物的27bp处C到T的突变使得多态位点产生，编码的氨基酸由苏氨酸变为异亮氨酸。A、B2个等位基因在3个群体中均有分布，A等位基因占优势（大于78％），经χ^2适合性检验，三河牛在该位点未达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P〈0．05）。运用SAS8．2软件采用最小二乘法拟合线性模型，将该基因座不同基因型与奶牛乳房炎进行了关联分析，结果表明：AA基因型为乳房炎抗性基因型（P〈0．05），A等位基因为乳房炎抗性的有利基因。     

西门塔尔牛血液蛋白多态性与生产性能的相关性研究

<正>前言 研究牛血液型与数量性状的关系,多集中在运铁蛋白(Tf)和血红蛋白(Hb)与产乳繁殖性能上。众多研究报告指出,Tf~D较Tf~A、Tf~E对产奶量具有更大贡献。不同Tf类型的交配组合,其繁殖成绩有显著差异,以不同纯合体交配为最佳。但是,有关西门塔尔牛Tf和Hb与产乳繁殖性能的相关性研究,国内报导甚少。我们为了西门塔尔牛本品种选育和早期选择探索新途径,特进行本项研究。 材料和方法 一、材料:血样采自四川阳坪种牛场120头健康的西门塔尔成年产奶牛。 二、测定方法:Tf和Hb电泳测定主要参考中畜所提供的实验方法;按佐佐木清纲介绍的图谱为准定型。     

PLIN基因多态性与秦川牛胴体、肉质性状的相关性研究

旨在研究PLIN基因第3、4外显子多态性与秦川牛部分产肉性状的关系。以相同饲养条件下18~24月龄的405头秦川牛为研究对象,利用PCR-SSCP方法和测序技术,对PLIN基因第3、4外显子进行SNPs位点检测,并将发现的SNPs位点与部分产肉性状进行关联性分析。结果,在第3外显子的156 bp处发生T→C突变,第4外显子的14 bp处发生C→T突变。方差分析表明:AB基因型个体的宰前活体质量、胴体质量、背膘厚和眼肌面积显著高于AA和BB基因型个体(P0.05),而且相对于AA基因型个体达到差异极显著水平(P0.01);DE基因型个体的胴体长、胴体胸深和背膘厚显著高于DD和EE基因型个体(P0.05),DD基因型个体的肌肉嫩度极显著高于EE和DE基因型个体(P0.01)。研究显示,PLIN基因单核苷酸多态性对秦川牛脂肪沉积有一定的影响,可作为影响胴体和肉质的候选基因,指导肉牛的育种工作。     

Allelic frequency of PCR-RFLP type of the BoLA-DRB3 in Japanese Holstein herds and the relation to mastitis

Holstein Cows ( n  = 702) from 26 dairy herds in the Tama area of Tokyo, Japan were examined for polymorphisms of the BoLA-DRB3 allele using a PCR-RFLP method. Twenty alleles were observed and allelic frequencies ranged from < 1% to 20.3%. Nine alleles ( DRB3.2 * 24, * 16, * 8, * 23, * 22, * 3, * 11 , * 10 and * 7 in order) constituted 90.0% of all alleles. Somatic cell counts (SCC) were used to classify healthy (group 1), mastitis (group 2) and suspected (group 3) cows. Frequencies of DRB3.2 * 11 and DRB3.2 * 23 were slightly higher in group 1 than in group 2, whereas, frequencies of DRB3.2 * 8 and DRB3.2 * 16 were slightly higher in group 2 than in group 1. However, none of the differences in frequencies between the two groups were statistically significant. For combinations of alleles, frequencies of DRB3.2 * 8/ * 23 ( P  < 0.1) and DRB3.2 * 16/ * 24 ( P  < 0.05) were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1, and their odds ratios were 2.1, 2.5, respectively. However, there were no significant differences between genotypes in their effects for SCC. On the other hand, frequency of DRB3.2 * 23/ * 23 including combinations of DRB3.2 * 23 with minor alleles was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 ( P  < 0.01), and the odds ratio was 0.3. Therefore, it was considered that mastitis resistance or susceptibility of cows may vary with the combination of BoLA-DRB3 alleles.     

催乳素受体（PRLR）基因多态性与动物繁殖性能的关系

催乳素受体广泛存在于人及其它哺乳动物的脑、卵巢、胎盘和子宫在内的各种组织中。研究表明：催乳素基因和催乳素受体基因发生突变,都会引起动物的繁殖机能障碍。本文就PRLR基因的结构与定位,PRLR的生物学功能,以及PRLR基因多态性与动物繁殖性能的关系作一综述。     

牛抗病基因BoLA-DRB3的新等位基因的发现

BoLA-DRB3基因是主要组织相容性复合物（Major Histocompatibility Complex，MHC）基因家族中的Ⅱ类基因，它是该基因家族中最主要的功能基因，所编码的MHC抗原与免疫应答、抗病性密切相关。其第2外显子是编码抗原的主要功能区。本试验以地方良种鲁西牛、秦川牛、晋南牛和南阳牛为研究对象，采用PCR—RFLP方法对DRB3基因307bp的扩增产物进行多态性分析，结果表明DRB3基因第2外显子的第154位C→A，从而产生新的等位基因。经x^2适合性检验，鲁西牛在MHC-DRB3基因第2外显子的Msp I酶切位点未达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P〈0．05）。     

中国南方地区荷斯坦奶牛BoLA-DRB3.2的RFLP分析

用PCR-RFLP方法检测中国南方地区奶牛BoLA-DRB3.2的RFLP多态性。选用RsaI、HaeIII和Bst YI酶切PCR扩增产物,14%PAGE分离酶切片段。HaeIII位点检测到6种等位基因,RsaI位点检测到11种等位基因,而在BstYI位点仅检测到4种等位基因。结果表明BoLA-DRB3.2的多态性极其丰富。PCR-RFLP是BoLA-DRB3分型的一种快速而有效的方法。     

三个牦牛群体DRB3.2基因PCR-RFLP多态性研究

为了研究牦牛DRB3.2基因exon 2遗传多样性,试验采用PCR-RFLP对天祝白牦牛、甘南牦牛、大通牦牛3个类群757头个体的MHC-DRB3.2基因进行PCR-RFLP分析。结果表明:共检测出8个HaeⅢ酶切位点、11种基因型;在3个牦牛类群中,HaeⅢC基因型(225 bp/175 bp/85 bp/35 bp)在大通牦牛、天祝白牦牛中是优势基因型,基因型频率分别为0.387和0.366;而在甘南牦牛中,HaeⅢA基因型(175 bp/85 bp/35 bp)为优势基因型,基因型频率为0.306。3个群体的多态信息含量分别为0.739,0.754,0.743,均达到了高度多态(PIC>0.50)。说明牦牛DRB3.2基因具有高度多态性,在研究牦牛抗病育种和提高牦牛生产性能方面具有独特的效力和广泛的应用前景。     

Association of BoLA-DRB3 alleles identified by a sequence-based typing method with mastitis pathogens in Japanese Holstein cows

The association of the polymorphism of bovine leukocyte antigen ( BoLA-DRB3 ) genes identified by the polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT) method with resistance and susceptibility to mastitis caused by pathogenic bacteria was investigated. Blood samples for DNA extraction were collected from 194 Holstein cows (41 healthy cows and 153 mastitis cows including 24 mixed-infection cows infected with 2 or 3 species of pathogens) from 5 districts of Chiba prefecture, Japan. Sixteen BoLA-DRB3 alleles were detected. The 4 main alleles of DRB3*0101 , *1501 , *1201 , and *1101 constituted 56.8% of the total number of alleles detected. Mastitis cows were divided into 2 groups: group 1 with single-infection cows and group 2 with all mastitis cows including 24 mixed-infection cows. The differences in the frequencies of BoLA-DRB3 alleles and the number of cows homozygous or heterozygous for each BoLA-DRB3 allele between healthy cows and the 2 groups of mastitis cows were evaluated. Furthermore, similar comparisons were performed between healthy cows and the 2 groups of mastitis cows for each mastitis pathogen. It was considered that the 4 alleles, namely, DRB3*0101 , *1501 , *1201 , and *1101 had specific resistance and susceptibility to 4 different mastitis pathogens. Thus, DRB3*0101 might be associated with susceptibility to coagulase-negative Staphylococci and Escherichia coli , and DRB3*1501 might be associated with susceptibility to Escherichia coli . However, DRB3*1101 might be associated with resistance to Streptococci and coagulase-negative Staphylococci , and DRB3*1201 , with resistance to Streptococci , Escherichia coli , and Staphylococcus aureus .     

荷斯坦牛TLR2基因遗传多态性与乳腺炎抗性关系分析

利用PCR-RFLP方法检测TLR2基因在297头中国荷斯坦牛中的多态性,并分析其多态性与体细胞评分(SCS)的相关性.结果显示,TLR2基因exon2扩增片断的109 bp处产生C→A的突变,并导致天冬氨酸改变为谷氨酸.TLR2基因exon2被EcoRV消化后表现多态性,表现AA、AB、BB 3种基因型,其中B等位基因为优势等住基因,等位基因频率为0.784 5,而A等位基因频率则为0.215 5.经X2适合性检验,中国荷斯坦牛在该位点达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态.同时,群体EcoRV基因座不同基因型与SCS相关分析的结果表明,BB、AB型个体的SCS指标显著高于AA型(P<0.05),AA基因型可作为乳腺炎抗性的有利基因型,可将TLR2作为奶牛乳腺炎候选基因,应用于乳腺炎抗性分子标记辅助选择育种.     

猪UCP3基因的分离与多态分析

解偶联蛋白3是一种线粒体内膜上的转运蛋白,可以使氧化过程与ADP磷酸化过程解偶联。本研究分离了猪UCP3基因的外显子2~3和外显子6。经过序列分析,发现猪UCP3基因共有3处框移突变和18个SNP位点。在猪UCP3片段中分别包含一个SmaⅠ和SduⅠ酶切位点。UCP3片段SmaⅠ位点在大白×梅山F2家系中经PCR-RFLP分析,表现为AA、AB和BB 3种基因型,A基因频率为0.57,B基因频率为0.43。因此,可以将UCP3基因作为猪分子遗传育种的候选基因。     

Analysis of Relationship between Bovine Lymphocyte Antigen DRB3.2 Alleles, Somatic Cell Count and milk Traits in Iranian Holstein Population

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a gene complex closely linked to the vertebrate immune system due to its importance in antigen recognition and immune response to pathogens. To improve our understanding of the MHC and disease resistance in dairy cattle, we gathered 5119 test day records of somatic cell count (SCC) and performance traits of 262 Holstein dairy cows to determine whether the DRB region of the MHC contains alleles that are associated with elevated SCC, milk yield, protein and fat percent of milk. To this purpose, genotyping of animals for DRB3 gene was investigated by polymerase chain reaction‐based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) assay. A two‐step PCR was carried out so as to amplify a 284 base‐pair fragment of exon 2 of the target gene. Second PCR products were treated with three restriction endonuclease enzymes RsaI, BstYI and HaeIII. Twenty‐eight BoLA‐DRB3 alleles were identified including one novel allele (*40). The results in general are in good accordance with allele frequencies of Holstein cattle populations reported by previous studies. Analyses of associations were modeled based on repeated measurement anova and generalized logistic linear methods for production traits and SCC data, respectively. The results of this study showed a significant relationship between the elevated SCC reflecting an increased probability of occurrence to subclinical mastitis and DRB3.2 allele *8 (p < 0.03). The results also revealed significant positive relationships of alleles*22 (p < 0.01) and allele*11 (p < 0.05) with milk fat percent as well as of alleles*24 (p < 0.03) and *22 (p < 0.05) with protein percent. The present study failed to find any association between milk yield and tested alleles. Because of the lack of consistency among results of similar studies, we suggest further investigations to determine the precise nature of these associations with the high polymorphic bovine MHC region to be performed based on haplotypes.