青杄自由授粉家系苗期优良家系选择研究

分析9年生青杄50个家系苗的苗高、地径2个性状,结果表明:家系间苗高差异达到极显著,有较高的遗传力与遗传变异系数。以苗高生长指标为基础,初选出8个优良家系,平均苗高和地径分别为32.84cm、6.6mm,比原群体分别提高了14%、19%。     

青海云杉遗传变异分析及早期评价

青海云杉(Picea crassifolia Kom.)是中国青藏高原东北边缘的特有种,生态适应性强,应用价值广泛。为丰富我国高寒地区用材林树种资源的遗传多样性,遵循供种区与引种区环境条件相似之原则,根据引种区土壤、植被分布、地形地貌及地理位置等主要环境条件,兼顾全年明显干湿季节交替的自然气候,确定与之相适应的青藏高原为供种区。以青海云杉为引种对象,在引种驯化的基础上,综合分析与评价子代的遗传变异、早期生长表现和生态适应性。结果表明,青海云杉苗期生长趋势与乡土树种红皮云杉基本一致,能较快地适应新的生态环境。但是,生长性状存在一定的变异,其中:苗高性状变异较小,地径性状变异较大,平均变异系数分别为18.30%和27.23%。结合生态适应性和生长势,确定PcⅠ-08、PcⅠ-04、PcⅠ-11和PcⅠ-07等4家系为优良个体,具有广泛的引种栽培价值。     

广西佛手扦插苗分级标准的初步研究

在藤县、永福、阳朔等广西佛手主产区,选取4个具有代表性的佛手1 a生扦插苗苗圃进行调查,以地径、苗高和侧根数作为苗木分级的质量指标,对120株苗木的苗高、地径、分枝数、根系长、根幅、侧根数以及全株鲜重进行了聚类分析。结果表明:广西佛手1 a生扦插苗分为Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级苗,Ⅰ级苗:苗高≥23 cm,地径≥0.57 cm,侧根数≥8;Ⅱ级苗:23 cm>苗高≥18 cm,0.57 cm>地径≥0.42 cm,8>侧根数≥6。     

番茄主要数量性状的遗传潜势分析

研究了番茄5个数量性状的遗传变异系数、遗传力、遗传进度以及各数量性状与小区产量的相关遗传进度和选择指数。结果表明:病毒病病情指数、单株果数和小区产量的变异程度高,分别为17.89、12.62和12.54;病毒病病情指数的遗传力大,为66.13%;病毒病病情指数的遗传进度和相对效率高,分别为18.58和29.97%;单株果数与小区产量的相关遗传进度较高,为0.462;凡含有单株果数这一性状的选择效率最高,其次为单果重;多个性状的选择优于单一性状的选择,并且由单株结果数、病毒病病情指数、果肉厚、小区产量组成的选择指数方程,综合选择响应值最大为26.9%。     

茶绒杜鹃3年生扦插苗的苗木质量指标分析与苗木分级

采用SPSS16.0统计分析软件,对福建省茶绒杜鹃3年生扦插苗苗高、地径、分枝数、侧枝基径、侧枝枝长、花苞数等苗木质量因子进行测定和统计分析,运用K-均值聚类法对其苗木进行初步分级。结果表明:茶绒杜鹃3年生扦插苗苗高、地径呈正态分布,质量整齐度一般;各质量因子间存在一定的相关性;3年生扦插苗分级标准:Ι级苗,苗高≥45cm、地径≥5mm、分枝数≥5;Ⅱ级苗,苗高30～45cm地径4～5mm、分枝数4。     

福建杉3代幼龄林优良家系和单株的选择

武功山林场林科所于2013年4月从福建省尤溪县洋口林场引进76个杉3代家系。通过栽植2a后对福建杉3代进行全林的全高和地径的测量,根据综合指数、家系和单株间的遗传增益选择较大的优良家系和单株,结果表明,初选家系是68号66号和52号家系,生长性状(全高、地径)在76个家系中最好的家系。在单株选择中选出的优良单株是68号家系第三小区第5株,是最适合武功山林区生长的优良家系和单株。     

内蒙古克什克腾旗种源西伯利亚杏果实表型多样性

以内蒙古克什克腾旗种源10个家系的西伯利亚杏为试材,采用多元统计分析方法,对西伯利亚杏的果实、杏核、杏仁、株高与地径共17个表型性状进行了研究,以期为内蒙古西伯利亚杏的选育及遗传改良提供了理论基础。结果表明:10个家系间所有性状均存在极显著差异,不同性状的变异系数幅度为0.01~0.28,果重变异系数最大为0.28,地径的变异系数最小为0.01;前3个主成分累计贡献率达到84.86%;聚类分析清楚地将10个家系分为3组,散点图分析与聚类分析结果一致。     

核桃实生苗二次移栽苗木生长特性研究

试验将1年生实生核桃苗分为0.5～0.8 cm、0.8～1.0 cm、1.0 cm 3个径级进行移栽,通过移栽苗的成活率、苗高、地径生长,来研究径级与其生长的关系。结果表明:1)径级对移栽苗成活率的影响,表现出苗木规格越大,成活率越高;以地径1.0 cm(Ⅲ)成活率最高,为83.75%;1.0 cm(Ⅳ和Ⅴ)成活率低于80%。2)苗高、地径总生长量从大到小依次为:Ⅲ(苗高100.4 cm、地径1.984 cm)Ⅳ(苗高68 cm、地径1.658 cm)Ⅴ(苗高62.8 cm、地径1.385 cm)。3)苗高、地径生长动态趋势均呈"S"型趋势,地径的生长总体呈现"慢-快-慢"的生长规律;从生长量看,苗高以径级大的为好,Ⅴ、Ⅲ移栽后苗高生长增幅速度最大(分别为218%、214.96%);而地径生长以Ⅴ的增幅速度最大(225%),Ⅲ、Ⅳ较小(分别为186.29%、146.96%)。4)苗木总生物量,以大径级最大(100.47 g),且随着径级的增大而增加。5)按照核桃苗木分级标准,Ⅲ和Ⅳ的合格苗比例较大(分别为93.94%、80%),Ⅴ的合格苗最少(50%)。综合各项指标,Ⅲ径级在苗高、地径、生物量和出圃苗合格率上均高于其他两种径级,说明1.0 cm可作为进行二次移栽的最小地径苗木标准。     

外生菌根菌接种对红椎生长及光合作用的影响

主要分析了几种外生菌根菌接种对红椎生长的影响,依据统计26周试验苗生长指标,接种处理时在须根、地径、苗高、质量中具备一定差距。相比较没接种苗来说,接种外生菌根菌苗地径增加50%~105%,苗高增加20%~75%,干质量提高100%,须根数增加41%~245%,从而可以发现接种苗能够利于其根系发展以及促进地上部分发展。     

俄罗斯红穗醋栗S30生物学特性和扦插繁育技术研究

为丰富高寒地区小浆果树种,于2003年从俄罗斯引进优良红穗醋栗品种S30,连续7 a进行生物学特性和繁育技术试验研究。结果表明:红穗醋栗S30在黑河市能够正常生长发育,开花结实,属于晚熟品种。基生枝年高生长量为114.67 cm、径粗1.28 cm;高速生期在6月初至7月中旬,生量长可达50 cm,为全年的43.6%;径速生期在6、89、月之间。嫩枝扦插成活率高,可达93%,苗高17.2 cm,地径0.36 cm。2种硬枝扦插方法中覆盖地膜扦插苗木成活率高,为58%,苗高59.21 cm,地径1.01 cm,高速生期在7、8月,径速生期在7~9月间,苗床直接扦插苗年生长缓慢,苗高16.86 cm,地径0.63 cm。     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Effect of puerarin on pulmonary arterioles wall collagen metabolism of chronic hypoxia hypercapnia rats

AIM:To investigate the effect of puerarin on pulmonary vessel collagen metabolism in pulmonary hypertension rats induced by chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia.METHODS:Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ and their mRNA were observed in pulmonary arterioles by the technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:① Light microscopy showed media thickness of pulmonary arterioles was much higher in HH(hypoxic-hypercapnia) group than that of NC(normal control) group, and, vessel cavity turned more straiter in HH group than that of NC group.However, the damage of pulmonary arterioles in HP(hypoxic-pueratin) group was much slighter than that of HH group. ② The levels of plasma ET-1 and lung homogenates Hyr were much higher in HH group than those of NC group(P＜0.01), and lower in HP group than HH groups(P＜0.01).Plasma NO content in group HH was lower than that of group NC(P＜0.01), it was higher in group HP than that of group HH(P＜0.01).③Expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅰ mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were significantly higher in HH groups than those of NC group (P＜0.01), and they were lower in HP group than those of HH group (P＜0.01).Expression of collagen Ⅲ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA showed no difference among three groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Puerarin inhibited the deposition of collagen and improved pulmonary vessel remodeling.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Multi-scale landscape and seascape patterns associated with marbled murrelet nesting areas on the U.S. west coast

Habitat for wide-ranging species should be addressed at multiple scales to fully understand factors that limit populations. The marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus), a threatened seabird, forages on the ocean and nests inland in large trees. We developed statistical relationships between murrelet use (occupancy and abundance) and habitat variables quantified across many spatial scales (statewide to local) and two time periods in California and southern Oregon, USA. We also addressed (1) if old-growth forest fragmentation was negatively associated with murrelet use, and (2) if some nesting areas are more important than others due to their proximity to high quality marine habitat. Most landscapes used for nesting were restricted to low elevation areas with frequent fog. Birds were most abundant in unfragmented old-growth forests located within a matrix of mature second-growth forest. Murrelets were less likely to occupy old-growth habitat if it was isolated (> 5 km) from other nesting murrelets. We found a time lag in response to fragmentation, where at least a few years were required before birds abandoned fragmented forests. Compared to landscapes with little tono murrelet use, landscapes with many murrelets were closer to the ocean's bays, river mouths, sandy shores, submarine canyons, and marine waters with consistently high primary productivity. Within local landscapes (≤ 800ha), inland factors limited bird abundance, but at the broadest landscape scale studied (3200 ha), proximity to marine habitat was most limiting. Management should focus on protecting or creating large, contiguous old-growth forest stands, especially in low-elevation areas near productive marine habitat. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Role of cyclic nucleotides in the acute hypoxic responses of hypoxic subcultured porcine pulmonary arterial smooth muscle and endothelial cells

AIM: To detect the role of cyclic nucleotides in the alleviation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in chronic hypoxic animals. METHODS: The intracellular cAMP and cGMP of the cultured porcine pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) and endothelial cells (PAEC) were assayed by RIA. The length of single PASMC during acute hypoxia was measured by imaging analysis system. RESULTS: The basal levels of cAMP and cGMP in PASMC and cGMP in PAEC of Chronic hypoxic groups decreased remarkably compared with normoxic groups (P＜0.01). Under acute hypoxia, the contents of cAMP and cGMP in PASMC of chronic hypoxic groups increased significantly (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, the percentage of PASMC with weak constrictive response in chronic hypoxic group was higher than that of control group. CONCLUSION:It's suggested that the changes of cAMP and cGMP in chronic hypoxic PASMC and PAEC might contribute to the increase in the basic tension of pulmonary artery and the alleviation of HPV in chronic hypoxic animals.