青杄自由授粉家系苗期优良家系选择研究

分析9年生青杄50个家系苗的苗高、地径2个性状,结果表明:家系间苗高差异达到极显著,有较高的遗传力与遗传变异系数。以苗高生长指标为基础,初选出8个优良家系,平均苗高和地径分别为32.84cm、6.6mm,比原群体分别提高了14%、19%。     

青海云杉遗传变异分析及早期评价

青海云杉(Picea crassifolia Kom.)是中国青藏高原东北边缘的特有种,生态适应性强,应用价值广泛。为丰富我国高寒地区用材林树种资源的遗传多样性,遵循供种区与引种区环境条件相似之原则,根据引种区土壤、植被分布、地形地貌及地理位置等主要环境条件,兼顾全年明显干湿季节交替的自然气候,确定与之相适应的青藏高原为供种区。以青海云杉为引种对象,在引种驯化的基础上,综合分析与评价子代的遗传变异、早期生长表现和生态适应性。结果表明,青海云杉苗期生长趋势与乡土树种红皮云杉基本一致,能较快地适应新的生态环境。但是,生长性状存在一定的变异,其中:苗高性状变异较小,地径性状变异较大,平均变异系数分别为18.30%和27.23%。结合生态适应性和生长势,确定PcⅠ-08、PcⅠ-04、PcⅠ-11和PcⅠ-07等4家系为优良个体,具有广泛的引种栽培价值。     

广西佛手扦插苗分级标准的初步研究

在藤县、永福、阳朔等广西佛手主产区,选取4个具有代表性的佛手1 a生扦插苗苗圃进行调查,以地径、苗高和侧根数作为苗木分级的质量指标,对120株苗木的苗高、地径、分枝数、根系长、根幅、侧根数以及全株鲜重进行了聚类分析。结果表明:广西佛手1 a生扦插苗分为Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级苗,Ⅰ级苗:苗高≥23 cm,地径≥0.57 cm,侧根数≥8;Ⅱ级苗:23 cm>苗高≥18 cm,0.57 cm>地径≥0.42 cm,8>侧根数≥6。     

茶绒杜鹃3年生扦插苗的苗木质量指标分析与苗木分级

采用SPSS16.0统计分析软件,对福建省茶绒杜鹃3年生扦插苗苗高、地径、分枝数、侧枝基径、侧枝枝长、花苞数等苗木质量因子进行测定和统计分析,运用K-均值聚类法对其苗木进行初步分级。结果表明:茶绒杜鹃3年生扦插苗苗高、地径呈正态分布,质量整齐度一般;各质量因子间存在一定的相关性;3年生扦插苗分级标准:Ι级苗,苗高≥45cm、地径≥5mm、分枝数≥5;Ⅱ级苗,苗高30～45cm地径4～5mm、分枝数4。     

番茄主要数量性状的遗传潜势分析

研究了番茄5个数量性状的遗传变异系数、遗传力、遗传进度以及各数量性状与小区产量的相关遗传进度和选择指数。结果表明:病毒病病情指数、单株果数和小区产量的变异程度高,分别为17.89、12.62和12.54;病毒病病情指数的遗传力大,为66.13%;病毒病病情指数的遗传进度和相对效率高,分别为18.58和29.97%;单株果数与小区产量的相关遗传进度较高,为0.462;凡含有单株果数这一性状的选择效率最高,其次为单果重;多个性状的选择优于单一性状的选择,并且由单株结果数、病毒病病情指数、果肉厚、小区产量组成的选择指数方程,综合选择响应值最大为26.9%。     

福建杉3代幼龄林优良家系和单株的选择

武功山林场林科所于2013年4月从福建省尤溪县洋口林场引进76个杉3代家系。通过栽植2a后对福建杉3代进行全林的全高和地径的测量,根据综合指数、家系和单株间的遗传增益选择较大的优良家系和单株,结果表明,初选家系是68号66号和52号家系,生长性状(全高、地径)在76个家系中最好的家系。在单株选择中选出的优良单株是68号家系第三小区第5株,是最适合武功山林区生长的优良家系和单株。     

内蒙古克什克腾旗种源西伯利亚杏果实表型多样性

以内蒙古克什克腾旗种源10个家系的西伯利亚杏为试材,采用多元统计分析方法,对西伯利亚杏的果实、杏核、杏仁、株高与地径共17个表型性状进行了研究,以期为内蒙古西伯利亚杏的选育及遗传改良提供了理论基础。结果表明:10个家系间所有性状均存在极显著差异,不同性状的变异系数幅度为0.01~0.28,果重变异系数最大为0.28,地径的变异系数最小为0.01;前3个主成分累计贡献率达到84.86%;聚类分析清楚地将10个家系分为3组,散点图分析与聚类分析结果一致。     

核桃实生苗二次移栽苗木生长特性研究

试验将1年生实生核桃苗分为0.5～0.8 cm、0.8～1.0 cm、1.0 cm 3个径级进行移栽,通过移栽苗的成活率、苗高、地径生长,来研究径级与其生长的关系。结果表明:1)径级对移栽苗成活率的影响,表现出苗木规格越大,成活率越高;以地径1.0 cm(Ⅲ)成活率最高,为83.75%;1.0 cm(Ⅳ和Ⅴ)成活率低于80%。2)苗高、地径总生长量从大到小依次为:Ⅲ(苗高100.4 cm、地径1.984 cm)Ⅳ(苗高68 cm、地径1.658 cm)Ⅴ(苗高62.8 cm、地径1.385 cm)。3)苗高、地径生长动态趋势均呈"S"型趋势,地径的生长总体呈现"慢-快-慢"的生长规律;从生长量看,苗高以径级大的为好,Ⅴ、Ⅲ移栽后苗高生长增幅速度最大(分别为218%、214.96%);而地径生长以Ⅴ的增幅速度最大(225%),Ⅲ、Ⅳ较小(分别为186.29%、146.96%)。4)苗木总生物量,以大径级最大(100.47 g),且随着径级的增大而增加。5)按照核桃苗木分级标准,Ⅲ和Ⅳ的合格苗比例较大(分别为93.94%、80%),Ⅴ的合格苗最少(50%)。综合各项指标,Ⅲ径级在苗高、地径、生物量和出圃苗合格率上均高于其他两种径级,说明1.0 cm可作为进行二次移栽的最小地径苗木标准。     

外生菌根菌接种对红椎生长及光合作用的影响

主要分析了几种外生菌根菌接种对红椎生长的影响,依据统计26周试验苗生长指标,接种处理时在须根、地径、苗高、质量中具备一定差距。相比较没接种苗来说,接种外生菌根菌苗地径增加50%~105%,苗高增加20%~75%,干质量提高100%,须根数增加41%~245%,从而可以发现接种苗能够利于其根系发展以及促进地上部分发展。     

俄罗斯红穗醋栗S30生物学特性和扦插繁育技术研究

为丰富高寒地区小浆果树种,于2003年从俄罗斯引进优良红穗醋栗品种S30,连续7 a进行生物学特性和繁育技术试验研究。结果表明:红穗醋栗S30在黑河市能够正常生长发育,开花结实,属于晚熟品种。基生枝年高生长量为114.67 cm、径粗1.28 cm;高速生期在6月初至7月中旬,生量长可达50 cm,为全年的43.6%;径速生期在6、89、月之间。嫩枝扦插成活率高,可达93%,苗高17.2 cm,地径0.36 cm。2种硬枝扦插方法中覆盖地膜扦插苗木成活率高,为58%,苗高59.21 cm,地径1.01 cm,高速生期在7、8月,径速生期在7~9月间,苗床直接扦插苗年生长缓慢,苗高16.86 cm,地径0.63 cm。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.