杉木种子园子代优良无性系测定及选择

对55个杉木无性繁殖品系的测定结果表明:无性系间在树高、胸径和材积性状上存在着显著差异。遗传力变化范围树高为0.389~0.771,胸径为0.169~0.703,材积为0.377~0.674。3个生长性状中,材积的变异系数最大,树高的变异系数最小。对树高、胸径和材积按10%的入选率进行单性状选择,树高遗传增益平均为4.27%,胸径平均为6.36%,材积平均为15.56%。与对照平均值比较,树高的遗传增益平均为8.09%,胸径的遗传增益平均为13.11%,材积的遗传增益平均为23.17%。经过选择能取得较高遗传增益的杉木优良无性系。     

楸树杂种无性系早期选择研究

对5a生楸树杂种无性系的生长性状进行统计分析,结果表明：无性系间胸径、树高、地径生长性状的差异均达到显著或极显著水平,其胸径最大值为5.09 cm,树高最大值为4.13 m,地径最大值为6.55 cm.胸径、树高、地径生长性状受到中度以上程度的遗传控制.通过综合比较,初步选出3个优良无性系,胸径、树高遗传增益最高值为18.55％,13.45％,入选率13.00％.     

香椿无性系苗期生长及早期选择研究

[目的]对香椿无性系的苗期生长进行分析,筛选优良香椿无性系,奠定遗传改良的基础。[方法]以49个香椿无性系为对象,分别于2015、2016、2017年测量其1、2、3 a生株高、胸径,计算材积,对表型性状及其增长量进行方差分析和遗传参数估算,采用独立淘汰法筛选排名前20%的无性系为优良,对中选无性系进行遗传增益等参数估算,并将试验地不同年份特征气象因子与无性系表型性状进行相关分析。[结果]株高、胸径及材积的生长连续3 a在无性系间存在显著差异,且生长性状的遗传变异系数、表型变异系数逐年减小,而变异幅度、重复力逐年增大;3 a生时,株高、胸径及材积的无性系重复力分别为0.55、0.50、0.67,重复力高。2015—2017年,49个香椿无性系之间胸径、材积增长量分别呈显著、极显著差异,3 a生材积与材积、胸径增长量呈高度正相关关系。以3 a生香椿无性系材积及其增长量为2组指标,独立筛选出优良无性系10个,中选无性系群体平均材积大于0.010 4 m~3·株~(-1),增长量大于0.009 7 m~3·株~(-1)。3 a生材积的遗传增益为17.38%,中选香椿无性系的稳定性系数b值均大于1,对年份环境敏感。气象因子-表型性状相关性分析显示,材积与年总降水量、日均降水量有显著正相关关系。[结论]参试香椿无性系间材积差异极显著,选择潜力大;中选的优良香椿无性系遗传增益超过15%,但其在不同年份差异大且稳定性差,这可能与年份降水量有关。     

Clonal stability in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus radiata</Emphasis> across New Zealand and Australia. I. Growth and form traits

To investigate genotype by environment interaction (G×E) for clones of radiata pine (Pinus radiata), clonal stability was evaluated for growth and form traits from three trials in New Zealand and three trials in Australia. There were 215–245 clones in common between pairs of New Zealand trials, 17–26 clones in common among Australian trials, while 32–52 clones were in common between New Zealand and Australian sites. Clonal repeatability ( [^(H)]² ) \left( {\hat{H}^{2} } \right) and type-B genetic correlations were estimated. The general trend across the six trials for clonal repeatability was that [^(H)]² \hat{H}^{2} was greatest for height (HGT) followed by diameter at breast height (DBH), stem straightness (STR), and branch quality score (BRQ). Within New Zealand trials, there was little evidence of G×E for growth traits, but more for form traits. For DBH the average type-B genetic correlation within New Zealand was 0.82; and for HGT, the average type-B genetic correlation within New Zealand was 0.76. Within Australia, there was only one statistically significant type-B genetic correlation for DBH and this estimate was high indicating that clonal ranks were similar on these two trials. Additionally, within Australia and between regions type-B genetic correlations were generally high for form traits, at least for STR. One Australian trial (Trial 5) showed relatively high clonal stability with the three trials in New Zealand indicating that the ranks of these clones were relatively stable in both regions. From a clonal testing standpoint, these results suggest that stable clones can be identified that perform well in both New Zealand and Australia. Improvements in both growth and form traits can be expected when radiata pine clones are transferred between Australia and New Zealand within regions similar to those sampled in this trial series.     

Genetic variation in growth,stem straightness and branch thickness in clonal trials of Acacia auriculiformis at three contrasting sites in Vietnam

Acacia auriculiformis has become an important species in Vietnam because it displays adaptability to a wide range of site conditions and produces pulp wood and sawlogs on short rotations. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and consider implications for development of clonal forestry. Clonal repeatabilities, genotypic correlations, genotype by environment interactions (G × E), genetic selection gains and correlated responses were estimated for total height (HT), diameter at breast height (DBH), stem volume (VOL), straightness (STR), and branch thickness (BRA) measured in three clonal trials of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. in northern, central and southern Vietnam. Assessments were made at age 1, 2 and 3 years on all three trials and also at age 4 years in one of the trials. The estimates of the genetic parameters were based on a total of 130 clones, of which 115 were selected from a progeny test, and 15 were selected from plantations of the Coen River (Queensland, Australia) provenance in Vietnam. Seventy of these clones were planted in all three trials. The clonal repeatabilities for all studied traits increased with age. The repeatabilities at the latest assessment (3 and 4 years old) of the trials ranged from 0.28 to 0.47 for HT, 0.21–0.56 for DBH, 0.21–0.54 for VOL, 0.21–0.32 for STR, and 0.21–0.28 for BRA. Genotypic coefficients of variation ranged from 8.3 to 13.1% for HT and DBH and from 24.6 to 32.6% for VOL. Age–age genotypic correlations were strong for growth traits but ranged more widely from 0.22 to 0.98 for STR and BRA. Straightness and BRA correlated positively with growth traits, with these correlations ranging from 0.13 to 0.76. Low genotypic correlations between the same traits measured in the different trials at age 3 years indicated that G × E was important for this species in Vietnam. Selection of 10% of the clones resulted in gain varying from 14.3 to 23.0% for HT and DBH. Our results indicate that using HT and DBH as selection traits together with STR and BRA would be beneficial in clonal selection of A. auriculiformis for deployment in Vietnam.     

Comparison and early selection of new clones in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus tomentosa</Emphasis>

In our study, two experimental plantations, respectively, with 24 and 32 new clones of P tomentosa, were established in Weixian County, Hebei Province and Wuzhi County, Henan Province using a completely randomized block design. A comparative study was conducted on the continuous 5-year-old height and diameter at breast height （DBH） of new clones in the two plantations. As well, based on genetic correlation over the years of testing of these clones, a preliminary study of early selection was carried out. Results indicate that the growth traits of the new clones in Weixian were better than those in Wuzhi. The traits show weak correlation between the two plantations. In some stands, the height, DBH and seedling volume of 5-year-old clones presented statistically significant differences among clones. In both plantations, the new clones showed over 0.6 repeatability of height, DBH and volume, as well as larger coefficients of variation （CV）. The fact that these clones achieved the largest repeatability and CV in the second year suggests that these traits are highly controlled by heredity. Thus, based on the growth traits of the second year, the new clones B305, B307, B303, H75, BT18, BT17 and 21J-1 were considered suitable in Weixian. In Wuzhi, the new clones had variable repeatability and CVs in various years and their correlation of growth traits among different years was not high. We conclude that early selection of new clones was not feasible in Wuzhi.     

山地木麻黄种源在海南临高的遗传变异及选择

[目的]研究山地木麻黄种源间抗风性、生长及形质性状的遗传变异规律,为山地木麻黄的良种选育和种质资源的合理开发利用提供科学依据。[方法]以27个山地木麻黄种源为试验材料,于造林后2、5、7 a时测定山地木麻黄种源的树高、胸径、单株材积和保存率等数量性状,并于造林后7 a时调查主干分叉习性(AP)、主干通直度(SFS)、侧枝密度(DPB)、侧枝直径(TPB)、绿色小枝长度(LDB)、侧枝分枝角(APB)、侧枝长度(LPB)等形质性状以及抗风性(RES),通过方差分析、相关性分析及遗传参数估算揭示其遗传变异规律。应用坐标综合评定法对山地木麻黄种源进行综合评定。[结果]表明:造林后2、5、7 a时,27个山地木麻黄种源间保存率和抗风性差异显著(P0.05);对造林后7 a时保存率较高的18个种源进一步分析显示,上述3个年份各种源间树高、胸径和单株材积等生长性状均存在极显著差异(P0.01);7 a时,TPB、APB、LDB、AP和SFS等形质性状在种源间亦存在显著或极显著差异;生长性状的种源遗传力明显高于形质性状,二者分别受中度或中度偏下和低度遗传控制;随着林龄的增长,树高的遗传变异系数变化不大,而胸径和单株材积的遗传变异系数呈先增加后降低的趋势,树高、胸径、单株材积的遗传变异系数分别为11.89%~12.30%、11.67%~13.67%、30.20%~38.11%;7 a时,形质性状的遗传变异系数为3.84×10~(-5)%~5.56%。性状间相关分析表明:树高作为山地木麻黄早期选择性状较适宜。[结论]依据坐标综合评定法,筛选出17877、19489和19490等3个优良种源,可在生产上大面积推广。     

Growth and wood basic density of acacia hybrid clones at three locations in Vietnam

Field trials testing a total of 27 clones of the interspecific hybrid Acacia mangium × A. auriculiformis and seedling controls of the parental species were established at Ba Vi and Yen Thanh in the north of Vietnam and Long Thanh in the south. At both Ba Vi and Yen Thanh there were significant (P < 0.001) differences in height and diameter at breast height (DBH) among 22 tested clones at 4 years. At Long Thanh, twelve hybrid clones did not differ significantly in DBH at age 3 years, but did (P < 0.001) at age 5 years. At the two northern sites the acacia hybrid clones had significantly greater DBH than control seedlots of the parental species. At Long Thanh, DBH of the hybrid clones and A. mangium was similar, with a genetically improved seedlot of A. mangium displaying the best DBH. Mean wood basic density at breast height of the acacia hybrid clones was 539 kg m⁻³ at Yen Thanh at age 8 years, and 473 kg m⁻³ at Long Thanh at age 5 years; density for A. mangium at Long Thanh was only slightly lower than the hybrid clones at 461 kg m⁻³. Linear regressions of Pilodyn penetration (PP) at breast height on wood basic density explained 60% of the variance in density of treatments (clones and control seedlots) at Yen Thanh and 36% at Long Thanh. There were significant differences between hybrid clones in PP at all three trial sites. Clonal DBH performance was not strongly correlated across the three trial sites; Pearson correlations of clone mean DBH between pairs of sites ranged from −0.47 to 0.20. Clonal rankings for PP were more stable, with Pearson correlations between pairs of sites ranging from r = 0.71 to 0.78.     

Quantitative Estimation of Genetic Variability in Morphological Characteristics of Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) Clones

The study was carried out to analyze the genetic variability for different growth parameters in poplar clones at the age of 2 and 3 yr in the nursery. Forty-nine exotic and indigenous clones of poplar were evaluated for eight morphological traits. Clones were planted in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications with four clones in a block in each treatment. Observations for different characters were recorded on six selected competitive clones per genotype. Results showed a high interclonal variability for most parameters. Statistically significant differences among clones indicated that the majority of study characters are controlled by genetic factors, specific to each clone. Highly significant genotypic difference supported by wide range of variation of mean and range values were observed for the characters under study. Significant and positive correlation was observed between diameter at breast height (DBH) and plant height. Leaf lamina length showed positive and significant correlation with petiole length, total leaf length, leaf width, and L/B ratio. Total leaf length showed positive and significant correlation with leaf width and L/B ratio. High estimates of heritability (in a broad sense) were observed for almost all characters in the study. High genetic advance expressed as percent of mean was recorded for petiole length (60.90), followed by plant height (60.78) and collar diameter (44.19) at 2 yr. At the age of 3 yr, genetic advance was found maximum for petiole length (60.05), followed by collar diameter (47.62) and plant height (45.29). The efforts for selecting new clones and their field-testing must continue under a long-term improvement plan so that the best clones can be recommended for plantations and hybridization programs.     

引进种源印度黄檀优株选择及优良无性系选择与评价

[目的]印度黄檀Dalbergia sissoo(Roxb.)是一种经济价值比较高的用材树种,对印度黄檀优株选择及优良无性系筛选,可以为印度黄檀优良品种选育提供理论指导和支持。[方法]本研究测定4种国外引进种源(N0、N2、I4和H6)印度黄檀母株株高和胸径,选择出20棵优株;并通过嫁接进行无性系苗木繁殖,测定2年生无性系苗木胸径和株高,比较分析了20个无性系株高和胸径,筛选出优良无性系用于印度黄檀优良品种选育。[结果]4个种源的印度黄檀母株株高和胸径变异系数较大,选择的20棵优株株高和胸径约等于或大于母株平均株高和胸径的130%;9和10号无性系株高和胸径均明显大于其它无性系,且变异系数远远小于母株;其次为12、18、19和20号无性系;9和10号优株,树干较直,胸径较大,超过母株平均值的170%;9和10号无性系株高和胸径均超过对照的130%,可作为优良无性系。[结论]本研究选择了20棵印度黄檀优株,并繁殖出20个无性系,筛选出9和10号作为优良无性系,用于之后的印度黄檀优良品种的选育。