小麦跨区作业信息需求分析

根据2005年小麦跨区作业调研的结果,分析了机手的基本情况、跨区作业过程中的信息需求、信息获取方式、信息获取渠道等。建议建立一个短信息系统网络,通过手机短信来发送与传递信息,引导跨区作业可持续发展。     

简明新闻

全国跨区作业机手享受免费信息服务根据农业部与福田重工的协议,自今年5月16日始,设在福田重工的全国跨区作业信息中心,为“三夏”跨区作业提供了良好的信息服务。该信息中心利用手机短信,为跨区作业机手免费提供全国小麦产区天气情况、麦收作业时间、收获机维修保养知识、交通     

信息超市

10万农机手可免费享受“三夏”跨区作业短信息服务今年“三夏”期间,农业部农机化管理司将与福田雷沃国际重工股份有限公司再度合作,依托福田“三夏”跨区作业信息服务中心,为参加跨区作业的农民免费提供短信息服务。今年,福田“三夏”跨区作业信息服务中心将免费向参加“三夏”跨区作业的农民提供区域机收作业预计时间、区域机收作业进度、各地区作业期间天气状况、区域机收作业平均价格、区域农机投入量及需求量等短信息服务。同时,该服务中心还将提供咨询服务和求援协调服务。     

农业部携手福田雷沃重工无偿为机手提供跨区作业信息

为了向跨区作业农机手提供及时的信息服务,促进机具有序流动,日前农业部与福田雷沃国际重工股份有限公司再次签署合作协议,为16万多名注册备案的农机手免费提供＂三夏＂农机跨区作业信息。及时发布＂麦收进度、机具供需、作业价格＂等农机作业市场信息,是保障农机跨区作业顺利进行的有效举措。为满足广大机手对＂三夏＂小麦跨区机收市场信息的迫切需求,从2006年起,农业部开始与福田雷沃公司合作,共同搭建＂三夏跨区作业信息服务中心＂,开通热线服务电话,并为注册备案的农机手提供免费的手机短信息服务,     

如何做好跨区作业准备

小麦联合收获机跨区作业是延长机具作业时间,增加农民收入的主要形式之一,也是加快夏收进度,做到颗粒归仓,实现增产增收的重要手段。不过,如果机手作业前的准备工作不充分、不扎实,再加上操作使用不当,就容易影响作业质量,减少收入。为确保联合收获机跨区作业正常进行,取得最佳效益,作业前应做好以下几方面的工作。     

组织跨区作业加快农机服务产业化进程

组织联合收获机跨区作业,是社会主义市场经济条件下,农业机械开展社会化服务的重要举措,是深受领导重视、农民欢迎、机手称赞,经济效益和社会效益俱佳的一项工作,也是把农机作业服务全面推向市场,加快农机服务产业化进程的重要途径。通过跨区作业,打破了地域界限,提高了组织化程度,实行规模经营,联合收获机的使用效率和经济效益明显提高,极大地提高了广大农民购买农机的积极性,为农机化发展开辟了新的途径。为此,江苏省江阴市在１９９８年取得跨区机收三麦成功的基础上,按照省、市政府及农机主管部门的要求,加大宣传力度,精…     

延津县有德农机合作社赴豫南跨区作业

<正>金秋时节,玉米丰收在即。河南省延津县的国家级农机示范社有德农机服务专业合作社今年组织50余台玉米联合收获机,赴许昌、漯河等地进行玉米机收跨区作业,通过开展玉米机收跨区作业将为机手增加收入150余万元。河南省近几年玉米收获机发展势头强劲,大有星火燎原之势,农民对玉米机收有了更深     

牡丹区农机跨区作业谱新章

<正>随着国家购机补贴资金的逐年增加,联合收获机的社会拥有量逐年增大,跨区作业服务的范围正逐年缩小,作业市场竞争加剧,收入逐年减少。在新的形势下,如何组织开展好农机跨区作业,保障作业机手的收入,成为农机部门组织开展农机社会化服务面临的新课题。为此,牡丹区农机局组织专门人员对农机跨区作业进行了专题调研分析。一、牡丹区农机跨区作业现状1995年以来,牡丹区农机部门在交通、公安、气象、石油、移动等部门的密切配合下,逐步形成了     

对玉米机收跨区作业的初步探讨

玉米机收跨区作业,能够延长收获机单机作业天数,增加作业量,有效提高收获机户的收入。除了时间、天气、地理条件、种植模式、机具质量等不利因素外,还有缺乏获取跨区机收信息的有效渠道,缺乏组织,无序流动等问题,都对玉米机收跨区作业产生严重影响。建议相关部门积极组织引导,建立和完善跨区作业信息平台,加强服务,有效利用有限农机资源。     

跨区作业如何实现品牌化经营

2009年夏收工作已经结束.据统计,今年夏收期间,全国共投入小麦联合收获机44万台,其中参加跨区作业的有28万台,小麦机收率达到84%,3项指标均创历史新高.据农业部历年统计资料显示,2005年～2008年,全国大部分省市适宜联合收获机收的面积变化不大,而最近4年小麦联合收获机保有量分别达到33万台、35万台、44万台、47.5万台,在机收面积基本不变的情况下,小麦收获机的保有量剧增,参加跨区作业的机手普遍反应今年的小麦联合收获机太多了.     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。