Prime-boost immunization using alphavirus replicon and adenovirus vectored vaccines induces enhanced immune responses against classical swine fever virus in mice

This study was designed to evaluate the prime-boost vaccination regimens as a novel immunization strategy for DNA vaccine against classical swine fever virus (CSFV). BALB/c mice were primed with the alphavirus replicon-vectored DNA vaccine pSFV1CS-E2-UL49 encoding the E2 protein of CSFV fused with the UL49 gene encoding the transduction protein VP22 of pseudorabies virus, followed by either homologous boosting with pSFV1CS-E2-UL49 or heterologous boosting with the recombinant adenovirus rAdV-E2 expressing the E2 protein or with the baculovirus-produced recombinant E2 protein (rE2) in adjuvant. The humoral and cell-mediated immune responses following prime-boost vaccination were assessed. The results showed that: (1) boosting with either rAdV-E2 or rE2 elicited high-level antibodies, whereas homologous boosting with pSFV1CS-E2-UL49 elicited low-level antibodies (below positive threshold); (2) heterologous boosting with rAdV-E2 resulted in stronger CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells proliferation responses and higher stimulation indexes; and (3) heterologous boosting with rAdV-E2 induced more IFN-γ production. These results support the notion that a regimen of DNA prime-recombinant adenovirus boost enhances humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, and the DNA prime-protein boost regimen enhances humoral immune responses.     

猪瘟病毒荧光定量RT—PCR检测方法的建立及其初步应用

针对CSFV基因组5＇端非编码区序列设计并合成了高度特异的一对引物和一条探针,用于猪瘟病毒实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立。将提取的病毒的总RNA做为模板进行反转录和PCR,将PCR产物克隆到pMDl8-T载体后进行大肠杆菌转化,提取阳性质粒做为标准品绘制标准曲线,成功地建立了特异性检测CSFV的荧光定量RT-PCR方...     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒感染对猪瘟免疫的影响

猪瘟病毒（CSFV）与同属的牛病毒性腹泻病病毒（BVDV）同源性较高,抗原性上有交叉。本次调查对368份猪瘟免疫猪血清样本进行BVDV抗原检测,其中7份呈阳性,阳性率1.90%。对7份BVDV阳性血清采用ELISA和IHA两种方法检测猪瘟（CSFV）抗体水平,抗体合格率偏低,两者的结果符合率为71%。研究表明：BVDV在一定程度上干扰了猪瘟疫苗的免疫效果,影响抗体水平。     

猪瘟病毒单克隆抗体及其应用

自1985年wenvoort G C等首次应用细胞培养猪瘟病毒接种小鼠的方法建立并制备13株单克隆抗体以来,猪瘟单克隆抗体不仅越来越多的应用于猪瘟的鉴别诊断,而且还用于猪瘟病毒的分子生物学研究.论文对猪瘟病毒的单克隆抗体在猪瘟的鉴别诊断和猪瘟病毒抗原结构蛋白、保护性抗原蛋白、抗原变异以及Ez囊膜糖蛋白抗原表位分析等方面进行综述.     

Yeast-expressed classical swine fever virus glycoprotein E2 induces a protective immune response

Classical swine fever (CSF) is an economically important swine disease worldwide. The glycoprotein E2 of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is a viral antigen that can induce a protective immune response against CSF. A recombinant E2 protein was constructed using the yeast Pichia pastoris expression system and evaluated for its vaccine efficacy. The yeast-expressed E2 (yE2) was shown to have N-linked glycosylation and to form homodimer molecules. Four 6-week-old specified-pathogen-free (SPF) piglets were intramuscularly immunized with yE2 twice at 3-week intervals. All yE2-vaccinated pigs could mount an anamnestic response after booster vaccination with neutralizing antibody titers ranging from 1:96 to 1:768. Neutralizing antibody titers at 10 weeks post booster vaccination ranged from 1:16 to 1:64. At this time, the pigs were subjected to challenge infection with a dose of 1 × 10⁵ TCID₅₀ (50% tissue culture infective dose) virulent CSFV strain. At 1 week post challenge infection, all of the yE2-immunized pigs were alive and without symptoms or signs of CSF. Neutralizing antibody titers at this time ranged from 1:4,800 to 1:12,800 and even to 1:51,200 one week later. In contrast, the control pigs continuously exhibited signs of CSF and had to be euthanized because of severe clinical symptoms at 6 days post challenge infection. All of the yE2-vaccinated pigs were E^rns antibody negative and had seroconverted against E^rns by post challenge day 11, suggesting that yE2 is a potential DIVA (differentiating infected from vaccinated animals) vaccine. The yeast-expressed E2 protein retains correct immunogenicity and is able to induce a protective immune response against CSFV infection.     

猪瘟病毒及其致病机制研究进展

猪瘟(CSF)是猪的一种高度接触性传染病,该传染病可分为急性、亚急性、慢性、非典型性和不明显型.急性CSF由强毒株引发,一般导致高发病率和死亡率,而弱毒病毒感染则表现不明显.由于疫苗的广泛应用,有效地控制了猪瘟的大流行,减少了急性死亡.但从20世纪80年代以后,临床症状不典型且病程变长的非典型性猪瘟(或慢性猪瘟)成为该病的主要发生形式,持续感染普遍存在,疫苗的预防效果明显下降,使猪瘟防制遇到了新的困难.以目前人类对猪瘟的认识水平,尚难以从分子水平解释这一新变化的成因,这是因为对猪瘟病毒致病机理及其分子基础的认识深度不够.就此,文章综述了猪瘟及猪瘟病毒研究进展,主要涉及CSFV生物学特性、致病机制及其防控,希望能为猪瘟防控提供新的思路和对策.     

PK-15细胞膜蛋白提取方法的比较及猪瘟病毒膜表面受体的初步鉴定

以猪肾细胞(PK-15)为材料,比较真核细胞膜蛋白提取试剂盒、超声破碎法、反复冻融法、低渗裂解法4种不同方法对PK-15细胞膜蛋白提取的影响,结果表明,通过超声破碎的膜制备方法提取的PK-15细胞膜蛋白较理想。用此方法提取PK-15细胞膜蛋白,经SDS-PAGE后转印NC膜,利用病毒铺覆蛋白印迹技术(VOPBA)鉴定CSFV病毒的细胞受体。结果发现,PK-15细胞膜上有3种能与CSFV结合的蛋白质,分子量在90～100 ku之间,暗示这些蛋白可能是CSFV受体或者受体复合物。     

种公猪精液中猪瘟和蓝耳病病毒混合感染的快速检测

参考GenBank公布的猪蓝耳病病毒(PRRSV)VL2332株、LV株以及猪瘟兔化弱毒(CSFV)C株的基因序列,各设计合成了一对引物,建立了在相同PCR扩增条件下能同时检测PRRSV和CSFV的RT-PCR方法。对2003~2004年期间江苏、浙江、安徽、福建、上海等省市的17个大中型猪场送检的186份种公猪精液进行了检测,结果18份呈PRRSV阳性,24份呈CSFV阳性,其中有11份为PRRSV和CSFV的混合感染,约占送检精液样品的5.91%。试验结果表明,所建立的RT-PCR方法可用于精液中这2种野毒感染的快速鉴定和分子流行病学调查。     

CSFV的RT-PCR检测在控制与净化猪瘟中的应用

应用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测健康猪扁桃体猪瘟病毒以监控与净化猪瘟.2006年用RT-PCR对广西某存栏250头种猪场的母猪扁桃体连续进行3次猪瘟病毒检测,检出并清除带毒猪,猪群中猪瘟病毒的带毒猪明显下降.结果表明,RT-PCR检测猪扁桃体可应用于猪场猪瘟的控制与净化.     

Establishment and application of a solid-phase blocking ELISA method for detection of antibodies against classical swine fever virus

BackgroundClassical swine fever (CSF) is a severe infectious disease of pigs that causes significant economic losses to the swine industry.ObjectivesThis study developed a solid-phase blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (spbELISA) method for the specific detection of antibodies against the CSF virus (CSFV) in porcine serum samples.MethodsA spbELISA method was developed based on the recombinant E2 expressed in Escherichia coli. The specificity of this established spbELISA method was evaluated using reference serum samples positive for antibodies against other common infectious diseases. The stability and sensitivity were evaluated using an accelerated thermostability test.ResultsThe spbELISA successfully detected the antibody levels in swine vaccinated with the C-strain of CSFV. In addition, the detection ability of spbELISA for CSFV antibodies was compared with that of other commercial ELISA kits and validated using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. The results suggested that the spbELISA provides an alternative, stable, and rapid serological detection method suitable for the large-scale screening of CSFV serum antibodies.ConclusionsThe spbELISA has practical applications in assessing the vaccination status of large pig herds.     

泉州市洛江区猪瘟抗体水平检测效果分析

结合实验室每年的检测工作,2013-2014年对洛江区辖区内20个生猪规模养殖场和89个散养户的856份猪血清进行猪瘟疫苗免疫抗体检测。结果表明:洛江区猪瘟疫苗免疫抗体合格率呈现上升趋势,规模场猪瘟疫苗免疫抗体合格率明显高于散养户,免疫2次的抗体合格率明显高于1次。抗体检测工作的开展,对制定科学合理的免疫程序,有效防控猪瘟疫情的发生发挥了积极的作用。     

Generation and efficacy evaluation of a recombinant adenovirus expressing the E2 protein of classical swine fever virus

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is the causative agent of classical swine fever (CSF), which causes significant economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. The E2 glycoprotein of CSFV is the main target for neutralizing antibodies. This study was aimed to develop a recombinant human adenovirus type 5 expressing the CSFV E2 gene (rAdV-E2) and evaluate its efficacy in rabbits and pigs. The results showed that the rabbits and the pigs immunized with the rAdV-E2 developed high-level CSFV-specific neutralizing antibodies. The rAdV-E2-immunized rabbits were protected from fever induced by infection with C-strain, which is pathogenic to the rabbit, and the rAdV-E2-immunized pigs were protected from lethal challenge with highly virulent Shimen strain. This indicates that the recombinant adenovirus can be an attractive candidate vaccine for preventing CSF.     

猪全血溶血对猪瘟抗体检测的影响

为研究猪全血溶血是否对猪瘟抗体效价产生影响,在明溪县某规模养殖场选择注射过2次猪瘟疫苗的肉猪20头,抽取全血各2份,共40份,相同条件保存,使其中1份溶血。将进行溶血处理和未处理的全血离心出的血清进行物理性状观察和ELISA检测,并对检测的OD值进行比较分析。结果发现,是否溶血对ELISA检测的OD值无统计学差异,表明短期内只要保存得当,是否溶血不会造成猪瘟抗体效价的显著降低。     

Simulating the spread of classical swine fever virus between a hypothetical wild-boar population and domestic pig herds in Denmark

Denmark has no free-range wild-boar population. However, Danish wildlife organizations have suggested that wild boar should be reintroduced into the wild to broaden national biodiversity. Danish pig farmers fear that this would lead to a higher risk of introduction of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), which could have enormous consequences in terms of loss of pork exports. We conducted a risk assessment to address the additional risk of introducing and spreading CSFV due to the reintroduction of wild boar. In this paper, we present the part of the risk assessment that deals with the spread of CSFV between the hypothetical wild-boar population and the domestic population. Furthermore, the economic impact is assessed taking the perspective of the Danish national budget and the Danish pig industry. We used InterSpreadPlus to model the differential classical swine fever (CSF) risk due to wild boar. Nine scenarios were run to elucidate the effect of: (a) presence of wild boar (yes/no), (b) locations for the index case (domestic pig herd/wild-boar group), (c) type of control strategy for wild boar (hunting/vaccination) and (d) presence of free-range domestic pigs. The presence of free-range wild boar was simulated in two large forests using data from wildlife studies and Danish habitat data. For each scenario, we estimated (1) the control costs borne by the veterinary authorities, (2) the control-related costs to farmers and (3) the loss of exports associated with an epidemic. Our simulations predict that CSFV will be transmitted from the domestic pig population to wild boar if the infected domestic pig herd is located close to an area with wild boar (<5 km). If an outbreak begins in the wild-boar population, the epidemic will last longer and will occasionally lead to several epidemics because of periodic transfer of virus from groups of infected wild boar to domestic pig herds. The size and duration of the epidemic will be reduced if there are no free-range domestic pig herds in the area with CSF-infected wild boar. The economic calculations showed that the total national costs for Denmark (i.e. the direct costs to the national budget and the costs to the pig industry) related to an outbreak of CSF in Denmark will be highly driven by the reactions of the export markets and in particular of the non-EU markets. Unfortunately, there is a substantial amount of uncertainty surrounding this issue. If hunting is used as a control measure, the average expenses related to a CSF outbreak will be 40% higher if wild boar are present compared with not present. However, a vaccination strategy for wild boar will double the total costs compared with a hunting strategy.     

表达猪瘟病毒E2蛋白重组猪繁殖与呼吸道综合征病毒的研究

为构建表达猪瘟病毒(CSFV)E2蛋白重组猪繁殖与呼吸道综合征病毒(PRRSV),本研究首先利用高致病性PRRSV弱毒疫苗HuN4-F112株的感染性分子克隆作为平台,构建了一个在nsp2区有缺失的感染性分子克隆,命名为pHuN4-F112-△480-620。以pHuN4-F112-△480-620作为载体,采用突变PCR的方法将CSFV的主要保护性抗原E2基因1 bp～9 99 bp,1 bp～600 bp,1 bp～330 bp及256 bp～330 bp基因片段分别插到nsp2中aa 480～aa 620位氨基酸缺失编码区域。结果显示,插入完整E2基因或较大E2基因片段的重组PRRSV cDNA质粒均未能拯救出病毒,只有插入较小的E2基因片段(256 bp～330 bp)的重组病毒cDNA质粒成功地拯救出了重组病毒rPRRSV-F112-E2(256-330),拯救的病毒能够在MARC-145细胞上引起明显的细胞病变,而且生长速度明显高于其亲本病毒,间接荧光检测表明该重组病毒能够表达外源基因。     

猪瘟病毒持续性感染的分子机制

猪瘟病毒的持续性感染是典型急性猪瘟感染以外的一种感染形式,在这类感染中,感染猪并不表现明显的临床症状,但是却长期携带病毒成为重要的传染源。研究表明,猪瘟病毒是通过对细胞溶解性感染的调节,引起树突状细胞无应答,诱导淋巴细胞凋亡,抑制I型干扰素产生和囊膜糖蛋白E2变异等多个方面来逃脱机体的免疫应答,从而建立持续性感染。     

Improved sero-monitoring assay for classical swine fever (CSF) using the recombinant E2 protein of a recent Korean isolate

Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious disease of pigs that causes fever, diarrhea and paralysis, often resulting in death. E2 is the major structural protein of the CSF virus (CSFV) and mediates the entrance of the virus, subsequently inducing a neutralizing immune response. In this study, the E2 gene of a recent Korean isolate of CSF, SW03, was cloned and the DNA sequence was compared to other strains via phylogenetic analysis. With the purified E2 protein, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the serodiagnosis of CSFV infection. The sensitivity and specificity of the E2-ELISA were 96.1% and 94.8%, respectively. A total of 17 out of 485 field-collected pig sera tested demonstrated conflicting results between two ELISA methods, a commercial kit and the E2-ELISA. Of these sera, 60% were determined to be CSFV positive by a virus neutralization test (VNT), suggesting involvement of different immune responses in the cases of CSFV infection. As the E2-ELISA was developed using a recent Korean isolate, SW03, this assay is capable of rapidly identifying newly emerging CSFV strains.