Segregation of loci for C-type virus induction in strains of mice with high and low incidence of leukemia

Multiple genetic loci for induction of murine leukemia viruses are demonstrated in cells of the high leukemic incidence C58 mouse strain. The biologic properties of viruses at C58 inducibility loci are clearly distinguishable from those of viruses activated from mouse cells containing a locus for virus induction of the low leukemia incidence BALB/c strain. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the genes for virus induction in normal mouse embryo cells represent viral structural information.     

Reversion of murine sarcoma virus transformed mouse cells: variants without a rescuable sarcoma virus

Murine sarcoma virus transformed mouse 3T3 cells, which are negative for murine leukemia virus and which yield sarcoma virus after superinfection with murine leukenmia virus, spotaneously give rise to flat variants front which murine sarcoma virus can no longer be rescued. The revertants support leukemia viruis growth and show an enhanced sensitivity to murine sarcoma superinfection and, like normal cells, do not release RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity. Because revertants could be obtained with high frequency from progeny of single transformed cells, each cell that containts the sarconma virus genome seems to have the capacity to suppress or eliminate an RNA tumor virus native to its species of origin.     

Human sarcomas contain RNA related to the RNA of a mouse leukemia virus

Labeled DNA complementary to the RNA of the Rauscher leukemia virus was hybridized with RNA from the polysome fraction of human sarcomas. Eighteen out of 25 specimens contained RNA possessing homology to the RNA of the mouse leukemia virus but not to that of the unrelated viruses causing mammary tumors in mice or myeloblastosis in chickens. Further, no normal adult or fetal tissues showed significant amounts of RNA specific to mouse leukemia virus. It appears that human sarcomas contain RNA sequences homologous to those found in an agent related to a virus known to cause sarcomas in mice.     

活毒疫苗中禽白血病病毒污染的检测方法探讨

[目的]探讨活毒疫苗中禽白血病病毒污染的检测方法.[方法]随机抽取安徽省鸡群使用的国内外活毒疫苗,使用对禽白血病病毒（ALV）群特异性p27抗原ELISA检测试剂盒进行检测,同时根据禽白血病痛毒各亚群保守的pol基因设计引物,进行PCR检测.[结果]7个国内公司鸡传染性法氏囊B87株检测结果均为阳性,某国外公司鸡痘、鸡传染性喉气管炎检测结果呈阳性,某国内公司为阳性.鸡新城疫lasota株共检测疫苗35份,检出率达28.57％.ELISA检测结果与PCR结果相一致.[结论]使用p27抗原ELISA检测试剂盒和PCR法均可作为活毒疫苗中ALV污染检测的有效方法,说明活毒疫苗中ALV污染是ALV传播的重要因素.     

Heterogeneity of murine leukemia virus in vitro DNA; detection of viral DNA in mammalian cells

Kinetic analysis of the reassociation of DNA synthesized in vitro by a murine leukemia virus DNA polymerase revealed two classes of double-stranded product representative of 25 and 100 percent of viral genetic information. The DNA product representing the smaller portion of the viral genome comprised 85 percent of the double-stranded DNA generated in vitro and was extensively duplicated in the genomes of both normal cells and cells containing RNA tumor virus.     

Ⅰ群禽腺病毒双价油乳剂灭活苗的研究

【目的】提高国内I群禽腺病毒疫苗的防控能力,防止I群禽腺病毒蔓延。【方法】优化I群禽腺病毒的增殖条件,以I群禽腺病毒血清4型（FAV-4）及血清8型（FAV-8）的抗原液制备油乳剂单价及双价灭活苗,比较甲醛及β-丙内酯（BPL）的灭活效果,并检验疫苗性状、监测免疫抗体水平及进行免疫攻毒试验和田间试验。【结果】疫苗灭活以1.00 mL/L终浓度的甲醛或0.500 mL/L终浓度的BPL为宜;3种疫苗均为白色状乳液,4°C下保存期均可达12个月,单价疫苗的最小免疫剂量为100 μL/羽,双价疫苗的最小免疫剂量为250 μL/羽;免疫抗体水平监测结果表明,免疫后第4周抗体水平达到峰值,且在免疫后第8周仍维持较高水平;免疫攻毒试验结果显示,3种疫苗的保护率均为100%,能完全抵抗病毒攻击;田间试验结果表明,在免疫初期3种疫苗抗体均达到预期免疫效果,免疫保护期在6个月以上,在生产中使用双价疫苗可以减少注射次数。【结论】FAV-4、FAV-8双价油乳剂灭活苗免疫效果好、保存期长、安全性好,为净化I群禽腺病毒提供了技术支撑。     

A new class of endogenous human retroviral genomes

Human DNA contains multiple copies of a novel class of endogenous retroviral genomes. Analysis of a human recombinant DNA clone (HLM-2) containing one such proviral genome revealed that it is a mosaic of retroviral-related sequences with the organization and length of known endogenous retroviral genomes. The HLM-2 long terminal repeat hybridized with the long terminal repeat of the squirrel monkey virus, a type D retrovirus. The HLM-2 gag and pol genes share extensive nucleotide sequence homology with those of the M432 retrovirus (a type A-related retrovirus), mouse mammary tumor virus (a type B retrovirus), and the avian Rous sarcoma virus (a type C retrovirus). Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed regions in the HLM-2 pol gene that were as much as 70 percent identical to the mouse mammary tumor virus pol gene. A portion of the putative HLM-2 env gene hybridized with the corresponding region of the M432 viral genome.     

Murine leukemia virus: high-frequency activation in vitro by 5-iododeoxyuridine and 5-bromodeoxyuridine

Cells of embryos of the high leukemic mouse strain AKR can be grown in culture as virus-negative cell lines. However, these lines and clonal sublines uniformly have the capacity to initiate synthesis of murine leukemia virus. Exposure of the cells to 5-iododeoxyuridine or 5-bromodeoxyuridine induced synthesis of virus in as high as 0.1 to 0.5 percent of the cells; many of the cells were producing virus as soon as 3 days after initiation of treatment. Induction of virus by these drugs is several orders of magnitude greater than that obtained with any other treatment tested. These studies indicate that the full genome of murine leukemia virus is present in an unexpressed form in all AKR cells and provide a potentially powerful technique for activating leukemia virus genomes in other cell systems.     

Radiation leukemia virus: quantitative tissue culture assay

Radiation leukemia virus does not propagate in tissue cultures from either Swiss or C57BL mouse embryos, but it does augment focus formation by the defective Moloney leukemia pseudotype of murine sarcoma virus in Swiss mouse cells and thus can be quantitatively assayed.     

不同类型H5亚型禽流感疫苗的免疫保护效力比较研究

为比较以我国首个H5亚型禽流感病毒分离株A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996(H5N1)\[GS/GD/96\]为基础构建的新型重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗（H5N1亚型,Re\|1株）、禽流感重组鸡痘病毒载体活疫苗（H5亚型）、禽流感、新城疫重组二联活疫苗（rLH5\|1株）以及禽流感DNA疫苗（H5亚型,pH5\|GD）的免疫保护效力。分别将四种禽流感疫苗以2.8 μg HA/0.3 mL（肌肉注射）、103PFU/100 μL（刺种）、106EID50/100 μL（滴鼻、点眼）、15 μg/200 μL（肌肉注射）等不同剂量和方式免疫3周龄SPF鸡,首次免疫3周后再加强免疫一次,加强免疫2周后用106EID50的高致病力禽流感病毒（HPAIV） GS/GD/96鼻腔途径进行攻击,观察发病与死亡情况。分别于攻毒后第3 d、第5 d、第7 d采集喉头及泄殖腔拭子进行病毒分离、滴定检测排毒情况,同时检测免疫及攻毒后血清HI抗体的动态变化。所有疫苗均可对免疫鸡形成100%完全保护（不发病、不致死、不排毒）;在病毒攻击前,灭活疫苗（H5N1亚型,Re\|1株）、禽流感重组鸡痘病毒载体活疫苗（H5亚型）、禽流感、新城疫重组二联活疫苗（rLH5\|1株）以及禽流感DNA疫苗（H5亚型,pH5\|GD）所诱导的HI抗体平均水平分别为875log2、6.5log2、5.13log2和7.88log2。新型的基因工程疫苗具有良好的免疫保护性,已经或将在H5亚型HPAIV的防治实践中起到有益的补充作用。     

山羊痘苗对羊口疮的交叉免疫试验

在天祝种羊场对羔羊、怀孕母羊共2,189只,用山羊痘苗进行了羊口疮(Orf)交叉免疫试验。通过观察发病率和攻毒试验来确定免疫效果。山羊痘苗一次免疫组羔羊可抵抗1个MID/0.05ml的Orf病毒攻击,三次免疫组羔羊可抵抗10个MID/0.05ml的病毒攻击。山羊痘苗免疫组羔羊发病率比同期平均发病率可降低50％。对临产前一个月的怀孕母羊用山羊痘苗免疫,可保护所产羔羊在哺乳期不发生本病。     

Xenotropic viruses: murine leukemia viruses associated with NIH Swiss, NZB, and other mouse strains

Murine leukemia virus activity is present in tissues from NIH Swiss and other mouse strains after cocultivation with nonvirus-yielding rat cells transformed by Harvey sarcoma virus. The resulting pseudotype sarcoma virus has the same type-specific coat as the virus previously isolated from New Zealand black (NZB) mice, and, like the NZB virus, it is unable to infect mouse cells. The results show that this NZB type virus is endogenous in other strains of mice and is xenotropic; that is, it grows only in cells foreign to the host. This is the first clear demonstration that NIH Swiss mice also carry indigenous infectious murine leukemia virus.     

Bovine leukemia virus long terminal repeat: a cell type-specific promoter

The functional activity of the promoter unit contained within the long terminal repeat (LTR) of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) was examined by monitoring transient expression of a heterologous gene placed under its control. Various cell lines were transfected with recombinant plasmids carrying the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene coupled to the BLV LTR (pBL-cat). Transient expression of CAT activity directed by the BLV LTR was observed only in the established BLV-producer cell lines derived from fetal lamb kidney (FLK) cells and bat lung cells. The amount of CAT activity transiently expressed in FLK-BLV cells was decreased approximately tenfold by deletion of LTR sequences located within a region 100 to 170 nucleotides upstream of the RNA start site. Surprisingly, removal of the region 50 base pairs downstream of the RNA initiation site to the 3'-end of the LTR reduced the expression of CAT activity by 87 percent. The BLV LTR thus appears to be an unusual promoter unit, functioning in a cell type-specific manner and possessing sequences on both the 5' and 3' sides of the RNA start site that influence gene expression.     

Natural antibodies to human retrovirus HTLV in a cluster of Japanese patients with adult T cell leukemia

Human T cell lymphoma leukemia virus (HTLV) is a human retrovirus (RNA tumor virus) that was originally isolated from a few patients with leukemias or lymphomas involving mature T lymphocytes. Here we report that the serum of Japanese patients with adult T cell leukemia, but not the serum of tested normal donors, contains high titers of antibodies to HTLV. These observations, together with data from Japan showing that adult T cell leukemia is endemic in southwest Japan, suggest that HTLV is involved in a subtype of human T cell malignancy, including Japanese adult T cell leukemia.     

2009甲型H1N1流感病毒的研究综述(英文)

[目的]介绍2009甲型H1N1流感病毒的研究进展。[方法]从病毒的分类与宿主,病毒学,分子特征及疫苗等方面简要介绍了2009甲型H1N1流感病毒。[结果]2009年4月初出现的一种新型甲型(H1N1)流感病毒通过人-人传播迅速蔓延全球,该病毒包含一组新的基因片段,已知的最接近的前体为在猪体内发现的病毒。该病毒似乎保留着重新感染猪的潜力从而可能继续与猪源病毒发生重组。所有已注册的2009甲型流感疫苗均在对志愿者的临床试验中测试了安全性和免疫原性,发现所有疫苗都是安全的,并且单剂量的疫苗给药后引起保护性抗体反应。[结论]为进一步研究2009甲型H1N1流感病毒提供依据。     

中华鳖穿孔病的免疫预防研究

选择中华鳖毒力最强的嗜水气单胞菌Ｃ－３菌株和产碱假单胞菌Ｃ－２菌株,制成福尔马林灭活二联菌苗及Ｓｐａｎ白油佐剂菌苗,对中华鳖进行了注射免疫试验。通过检测血清中的凝集抗体产价,血液和脾脏中吞噬细胞的吞噬活性和测定强毒攻击的免疫保护率,证实了２种免疫原对中华鳖均具有较强的的免疫原性,免疫保护率达９０５以上。     

传染性法氏囊病基因工程疫苗研究进展

综述了导致近年来传染性法氏囊病(IBD)疫苗免疫发生重大变化的主要原因,即:传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)超强毒株的出现和IBDV分子生物学研究和分子克隆技术与手段的长足进步.介绍了目前IBD基因工程疫苗的4种主要类型:活病毒疫苗、DNA疫苗、亚单位疫苗、可食用转基因植物疫苗.