大麦新品种闽诱3号的麦草和籽粒产量及其主要营养含量分析

大麦新品种闽诱３号，经连续两年区试和多年多点大面积试种，比福建省主栽品种莆大麦４号增产５．８～１９．４％（籽粒），麦草（幼嫩）产量为莆大麦４号的１６３．９％，籽粒中的蛋白质和氨基酸含量分别比莆大麦４号高２．３１和２．４５个百分点，麦草中的蛋白质和氨基酸含量分别高６．７５和４．８７个百分点，新鲜的麦苗汁液中还含有大量的矿物质，维生素和ＳＯＤ。     

江苏省如皋市水稻麦草还田技术效果分析

水稻麦草还田相关试验示范结果表明,结合配施秸秆腐熟剂,以机械化旋耕秸秆全量还田-机插秧模式为主,秸秆全量旋耕还田-抛秧,“麦套稻”秸秆全量还田,腐熟剂处理堆肥间接还田,墒沟埋草还田-机直播、抛秧模式为辅的5种麦草还田模式,均能显著增加土壤有机质含量,有效提高土壤肥力。     

麦草全量还田技术试验初报

本文初步揭示了麦草全量还田的腐烂发酵过程中土壤理化性状的特点和对秧苗生长影响的原因,介绍了以切短麦草、浅水旋耕为关键,合理肥水调控为配套的麦草全量还田水稻高产栽培技术。     

石灰对稻田麦草熟化及稻米安全的影响初探

随着农业生产水平的不断提高,农作物秸秆产量也相应提高,尤其是小麦与水稻轮作地区,小麦秸秆和稻秸秆年产量高达18 t/hm²左右。泗阳县从2006年开始推广秸秆全量还田,连续实施12年,累计秸秆还田量达216 t/hm²。本研究通过增施石灰、石膏、生物菌剂等措施,探讨这些措施对农田土壤的影响,以及如何促进还田秸秆的熟化,同时开展了水稻生产的安全性监测。结果表明,各处理比对照（不增施石灰、石膏、生物菌剂等）增产3.41%~20.80%,且各处理土壤、稻谷的重金属含量均不超标。     

甘薯麦草覆盖栽培技术的增产效应

甘薯麦草覆盖栽培技术是一项保护生态环境,提高抗旱能力,增产增收效果十分显著的增产措施,麦草覆盖量以２２５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２为宜,盖草后夏季气温干旱地地表温度日变幅小,峰值低,土壤含水量增加,利于甘薯生长。     

土壤冻结对麦田水分运动的初步研究

观测研究了在初冬冻融过程中麦田土壤水分的变化。结果三次冻融过程中0～20cm耕层土壤不结冻的覆盖处理含水量平均减少2．4％，而冻结的自然状态土壤含水量平均增加0．5％，每次冻结过程土壤含水比不冻结处理平均相对增加2．9％，0～san的表层土壤每次冻结过程土壤含水比不冻结处理平均相对增加2．63％。因此，冬季灌溉不能仅根据干旱天数来决定，分析冬季麦田水分状况，需考虑冻结对水分运动的影响。     

Effect of Barley and Barley Components on Rheological Properties of Wheat Dough

The effects of addition of whole barley and barley components (starch, β-glucans and arabinoxylans) on rheological properties of dough prepared from wheat flours with variable gluten quality (cv. Glenlea, extra-strong; cv. Katepwa, very strong; cv. AC Karma, strong; and cv. AC Reed, weak) were investigated in these studies using Mixograph and dynamic rheological measurements. Whole barley meal, starch and non-starch polysaccharides from hulless barley with variable starch characteristics (normal, high amylose, waxy, and zero amylose waxy) were tested. Upon addition of either β-glucans or arabinoxylans, significant increases in peak dough resistance, mixing stability, and work input were recorded in all flours. The addition of starch to various wheat flours reduced the strength of the respective flour-water doughs. The improvement of dough strength upon addition of waxy or zero amylose waxy barley meal was associated with the high content of total and soluble β-glucans present in barley samples. The addition of arabinoxylans or β-glucans increased the G′ of wheat doughs; arabinoxylans had a greater effect than β-glucans. Starch substantially decreased the elastic modulus of dough prepared from cv. Glenlea but waxy and high amylose starches increased the G′ of dough prepared from cv. AC Karma. A combination of the high amounts of non-starch polysaccharides and unusual starch characteristics in barley seems to balance the negative effects associated with gluten dilution brought about by addition of barley into wheat flour.     

不同施肥量对大麦苗产量和品质的影响

试验研究了复合肥不同施用量对大麦苗产量及其麦叶叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质和SOD酶活性的影响.结果表明,增加复合肥施用量有利于麦苗产量和可溶性蛋白质的提高;但过高的复合肥施用量(87.5 kg/667 m2)麦苗的增产效果减弱,且叶绿素含量和SOD酶活性也出现下降.试验表明,在当地适量基施垃圾土的条件下以每667 m2配施62.5 kg复合肥(N:P2O5:K2O=16:16:16)为宜.     

接种AM真菌对龙眼实生苗营养生长与矿质营养的影响

报道了接种AM真菌Glomus versiforme对石硖龙眼（Dimocalpus longan L．CV．Shixia）实生苗营养生长和矿质营养的影响。盆栽试验结果表明,接种处理6个月后,植株根系侵染率达到38．9％,干重显著增加,菌根依赖性为41．7％：植株的株高、复叶数、叶绿素含量和总叶向积都显著提高：含氮量虽然没有显著增加,但是植株的总吸氮量增加约1倍：含磷量和吸磷量均显著增加,后者增幅约1．5倍。表明接种Glomusuer versiforme能够显著促进石硖龙眼实生苗的生长。     

青稞地杂草防除试验初步研究

云南省迪庆青稞地杂草以繁缕、小藜和齐菜等一年生阔叶杂草为主。通过田间试验及大田示范,使用20g/667m2的5.83%麦喜悬浮剂防除杂草效果较好,且安全、效益明显。     

Discovery of and Preliminary studies on a Rapid-Leafing Rice Genotype at the Vegetative Growth Stage

The leafing rates of fourteen rice varieties were measured in a sowing-time experiment, and a rapid leafing genotype at the vegetative growth stage was discovered in an indica variety Yanhui 559. The leaf number on the main culm of Yanhui 559 was always 4-5 leaves more than that of Lemont, and the leafing rate of Yanhui 559 was significantly higher than that of Lemont based on similar growth durations from sowing to heading. Furthermore, the difference of the leafing rate was significant at the vegetative growth stage, but not distinctive at the panicle initiation stage. Genetic analysis of the leafing rates in the two backcross populations of Yanhui 559 and Lemont showed that major and quantitative genes controlled the expression of rapid leafing character. Based on results of investigation for some plants with similar growth durations in the backcrossing populations, the rapid leafing genotypes exhibited earlier tillering and more tiller numbers per plant, and its yield components including the number of panicles per plant and number of grains per panicle were superior to those of the slow leafing genotypes. Further research and application feasibility of the rapid leafing genotype in breeding were discussed.     

Discovery of and Preliminary studies on a Rapid-Leafing Rice Genotype at the Vegetative G rowth Stage

The leafing rates of fourteen rice varieties were measured in a sowing-time experiment.and a rapid leafing genotype at the vegetative growth stage was discovered in an indica variety Yanhui 559.The leaf number on the main culm of Yanhui 559 was always 4-5 leaves more than that of Lemont,and the leafing rate of Yanhui 559 was significantly higher than that of Lemont based on similar grovvth durations from sowing to heading.Furthermore,the difference of the leafing rate was significant at the vegetative growth stage,but not distinctive at the panicle initiation stage.Genetic analysis of the leafing rates in the two backcross populations of Yanhui 559 and Lemont showed that major and quantitative genes controlled the expression of rapid leafing character.Based on results of investigation for some plants with similar growth durations in the backcrossing populations,the rapid leafing genotypes exhibited earlier tiltering and more tiller numbers per plant,and its yield components including the number of panicles per plant and number of grains per panicle were superior to those of the slow leafing genotypes.Further research and application feasibility of the rapid leafing genotype in breeding were discussed.     

大麦发芽期的耐盐性研究

通过对 7个大麦品种在不同盐 (NaCl)浓度条件下发芽率、苗高和相对生长率的比较分析。结果表明 :1 大麦发芽率同时受种子原始活力和盐浓度的影响 ,在盐碱土的种植大麦 ,应选择高活力种子种植 ;2 大麦苗高既受品种本身遗传因素的影响又受品种盐浓度的影响 ,应根据土壤盐浓度选择适宜的品种种植 ;3 发芽率和幼苗的相对生长率应同时作为衡量品种是否耐盐的指标 ,被研究品种发芽期最大耐盐 (NaCl)的浓度为 0 5 %。     

多棱皮大麦大粒种质资源的初步分析及在育种上的应用

对已出版的全部大麦资源目录上6775份多棱皮大麦千粒重进行分关统计、整理分析。初步结果：①多棱皮大麦千粒重随育种方法改进而不断提高。②展现了目前我国选育的多技皮麦卡拉重大作的分布状况和拉重水平。③国内多技皮大麦大位资源缺乏,而保存的国外多植皮大麦大粒资源相对较多。④多棱皮大麦大粒资源的分布与目前千粒重高低分布区域基本吻合,主要在春大麦和裸大麦区。⑤多棱皮大麦大粒资源主要表现春性、稀稳。并对多技文大麦大粒种质在育种上的应用作了初步探讨。     

日喀则和阿里地区栽培大麦分类研究

报道了日喀则和阿里地区栽培大麦种质资源的研究结果。它们属于普通大麦种内二棱大麦和多棱大麦两个亚种。（1）日喀则地区1088个品种分类属于121个植物学变种，其中新变种有13个；（2）阿里地区77个品种分类属于43个植物学变种，包括新变种5个。这对系统了解中国大麦的分类、认识、研究、进一步保护和利用资源都有其深远意义，同时为研究大麦起源、演化提供佐证。