复合生长调节剂对苎麻增产增质的机理初探

复合生长调节剂Ｈ１和Ｈ３使供试苎麻品系原麻增加１３．０％～１７．６％,单纤维支数提高５７～３４９支,单纤维强力符合纺织要求。单株叶片数增加、经济性状协调改善,是喷施Ｈ１和Ｈ３增产优质的直接原因。改善叶片水分状况、优化生理生化代谢的内部环境,增强植株抗逆性、降低电解质外渗率,提高净光合强度、增加光合产物积累并加快向茎、皮转运,是Ｈ１和Ｈ３使苎麻增产优质的生理基础。但Ｈ１和Ｈ３对叶绿素和比叶重影响甚微。     

苎麻雄性不育系育性鉴定和遗传分析

雄性不育性的发现为苎麻雄性不育杂种优势利用展现了乐观前景.通过田间观察、花粉压片观察、杂交及自交后代育性分离观察,鉴定供试苎麻不育系的育性特征和分析育性遗传方式.供试不育系表现为4种类型,Ⅰ型-无雄蕾;∏型-雄蕾不膨大,无花粉粒,最后变黄枯落;Ⅲ型-雄蕾可膨大至1.6-1.8mm,淡黄色,无可育花粉粒,最后变褐枯落;Ⅳ-型个别或少量雄蕾可开放,但无可育花粉粒,其它方面同Ⅲ型.GS14-1、SS370、GSA-2、GS15-8和SS387等不育系的育性由1对隐性核基因和相应的胞质基因所控制,属于核-质互作型雄性不育.已找到不育系的保持系和恢复系.     

苎麻雄性不育系育性鉴定和遗传分析

雄性不育性的发现为苎麻雄性不育杂种优势利用展现了乐观前景。通过田间观察、花粉压片观察、杂交及自交后代育性分离观察 ,鉴定供试苎麻不育系的育性特征和分析育性遗传方式。供试不育系表现为 4种类型 ,Ⅰ型 -无雄蕾 ;∏型 -雄蕾不膨大 ,无花粉粒 ,最后变黄枯落 ;Ⅲ型 -雄蕾可膨大至 1 .6 - 1 .8mm ,淡黄色 ,无可育花粉粒 ,最后变褐枯落 ;Ⅳ -型个别或少量雄蕾可开放 ,但无可育花粉粒 ,其它方面同Ⅲ型。GS1 4- 1、SS370、GSA - 2、GS1 5 - 8和SS387等不育系的育性由 1对隐性核基因和相应的胞质基因所控制 ,属于核—质互作型雄性不育。已找到不育系的保持系和恢复系。     

饲用苎麻收割高度对产量和粗蛋白质含量影响的研究

本试验的研究结果表明随着收割高度的增加,粗蛋白含量逐渐降低,收割高度从40cm至70cm,粗蛋白含量从平均22.67%降低至19.77%,但叶粗蛋白含量变化不明显.收割高度每增加10cm,饲料干料667m2产量约增加40kg,生育期约延长9天.综合考虑饲料产量、营养成分(粗蛋白含量)和生产成本,苎麻作为蛋白饲料开发,整株收割高度应在70cm以下.     

饲用苎麻收割高度对产量和粗蛋白质含量影响的研究

本试验的研究结果表明:随着收割高度的增加,粗蛋白含量逐渐降低,收割高度从40cm至70cm,粗蛋白含量从平均22.67%降低至19.77%,但叶粗蛋白含量变化不明显。收割高度每增加10cm,饲料干料667m2产量约增加40kg,生育期约延长9天。综合考虑饲料产量、营养成分(粗蛋白含量)和生产成本,苎麻作为蛋白饲料开发,整株收割高度应在70cm以下。     

影响苎麻嫩梢扦插成活率的因素分析及改善措施

本文分析了苎麻嫩梢素质、剪取嫩梢质量、嫩梢扦插质量、气候条件、土壤条件等因素对苎麻梢扦插成活率的影响，并提出了防治扦插死苗的有效方法。     

Basic study on the two-tone color dyeing of PET and PVC wig fibers by carrier dyeing method

PET or PVC wig fibers are usually colored by the dope dyeing method in which the pigment or color master batch is mixed before the spinning process. However, the colored fibers need to be dyed again to obtain a two-tone color along the longitudinal fiber direction. In this study, PET and PVC fibers were dyed by the carrier dyeing method using a disperse dye, and the dyeing behavior was investigated. The fiber was dyed at various carrier and dye concentrations. The dye uptake increased with increasing carrier concentration or dye concentration. The saturation of the dye uptake was observed in each case. No change of the glass transition temperature (T_g) was observed in the 1st run of the DSC thermogram, however, a decrease in the value of T_g was observed in the 2nd run performed after the 1st run sample was quenched and re-measured. The reduction in the value of T_g implies that the carrier acted as a plasticizer in the fiber and enhanced the segmental mobility of the polymer chains. The dyeing temperature and carrier concentration were varied and the diffusion coefficients of the dye and activation energy were measured. The activation energy was increased at a higher carrier concentration, because the carrier acted as a plasticizer and lowered the energy barrier to the penetration of the dye molecule into the polymer chains.     

Biological contamination parameters of cotton lint as biomarkers for fibre quality; a preliminary study

It has been reported for several decades that microbes, which naturally contaminate cotton fibres during crop growth and subsequent storage can have an adverse effect on the structural quality of cotton lint. Although several studies have analysed the relationship between numbers of Gram-negative bacteria or bacterial endotoxin and particular physical properties, these studies have been limited to cotton from the United States, and the possible effects of fungal contamination have not been examined in detail. This study quantified the Gram-negative bacteria and fungal cells, as well as measuring concentrations of bacterial endotoxin and fungal glucan, on cotton lint samples from international sources. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients calculated between these results and quality data analysed by an automated testing instrument revealed several significant correlations. Findings included inverse correlations between the biological contamination parameters and fibre elongation, micronaire and reflectance. The possible causes and implications of these findings were also discussed.     

土壤条件与苎麻农艺性状形成关系的初步研究

土壤有机质、氮、磷及铁、硼含量与茎粗、皮厚和出麻率呈负相关,虽略利于优质却降低产量;水解氮对优质高产均不利。钾、锰、锌与株高呈正相关、与有效株呈负相关,不利高产优质和原麻含胶率的降低。土壤容重和ｐ Ｈ 与株高之外其它经济性状呈正相关,有益高产优质,而总孔度的作用相反。土壤毛孔度和比重都有利优质,但前者与株高呈负相关、与有效株呈正相关,后者则反之。     

Optimization of the processing conditions and prediction of the quality for dyeing nylon and lycra blended fabrics

This paper is intended to determine the optimal processing parameters applied to the dyeing procedure so that the desired color strength of a raw fabric can be achieved. Moreover, the processing parameters are also used for constructing a system to predict the fabric quality. The fabric selected is the nylon and Lycra blend. The dyestuff used for dyeing is acid dyestuff and the dyeing method is one-bath-two-section. The Taguchi quality method is applied for parameter design. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is applied to arrange the optimal condition, significant factors and the percentage contributions. In the experiment, according to the target value, a confirmation experiment is conducted to evaluate the reliability. Furthermore, the genetic algorithm (GA) is combined with the back propagation neural network (BPNN) in order to establish the forecasting system for searching the best connecting weights of BPNN. It can be shown that this combination not only enhances the efficiency of the learning algorithm, but also decreases the dependency of the initial condition during the network training. Most of all, the robustness of the learning algorithm will be increased and the quality characteristic of fabric will be precisely predicted.     

天亚7号油纤兼用型亚麻育种研究

围绕高产、抗亚麻枯萎病和油、纤两用的育种目标，利用复式杂交选育出了天亚７号亚麻新品种，并且在自然和人工病圃内进行了抗亚麻枯萎病的鉴定。在品比和区试过程中，天亚７号表现显著增产，籽实含油率达４１．９％，工艺长度５０．７ｃｍ。在自然病田内苗期死亡率０．１９％，在病圃内成株期发病率为３．２％，其它综合性状均优于对照品种。     

Combined use of Multiple Methodologies for the Measurement of Total Antioxidant Capacity in UK Commercially Available Vegetable Juices

Substantial evidence exists to support the hypothesis that high fruit and vegetable consumption, rich in antioxidants, can reduce the incidence of several disease states. The aim of this study was to compare the results obtained by six spectrophotometric biochemical methods including the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH?), 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS??), copper (II) reducing capacity (CUPRAC) and Cerium (IV) reducing antioxidant capacity (CERAC) assays as well as Folin-Ciocalteu method (FC) for the measurement of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total polyphenols (TP) in different commercially available vegetable juices. There was a significant positive correlation between the results obtained for FRAP, ABTS??, CUPRAC, CERAC and FC (0.68?≤?r?≤?0.96, P?相似文献   

Synthesis of cationized anthraquinone dyes and their dyeing properties for meta-aramid fiber

Due to compact structure of meta-aramid fiber caused by the intermolecular hydrogen bondings of amide groups, the degree of crystallinity increased, thus its poor dyeing properties arises. Among commercial dyes used in many previous researches, the basic dyes showed comparatively higher exhaustion yields as comparing to those of disperse dyes and acid dyes. The anthraquinone moiety was adopted for good performances of light fastness on meta-aramid fiber. In this study, eight of anthraquinone dye was synthesized. The three of them were obtained from chloro-anthraquinone, by Ullmann reactions with the corresponding heterocylic residues such as morpholine and one of them was obtained from lueco quinizarine by condensation with the corresponding heterocylic residues. The others were prepared by quaternization from dyes above. The synthesized disperse and cationic dyes were dyed on meta-aramid fibers and investigated for their build-up dyeing properties and wash fastness.     

Blends of castor meal and castor husks for optimized use as organic fertilizer

Production of oil from castor (Ricinus communis) generates two main by-products: husks and meal. For each ton of castor oil, 1.31 ton of husks and 1.13 ton of meal are produced. Castor meal is the most important by-product due to its high nitrogen content, and presently it is predominantly used as an organic fertilizer. This greenhouse study aimed to find optimized blends of castor husks and meal as organic fertilizer for growth of castor plants. The by-products were mixed to sandy soil in the doses (v:v) of 0 + 10%, 2.5 + 7.5%, 5.0 + 5.0%, 7.5 + 2.5% and 10.0 + 0% of castor meal and castor husks, respectively. At 50 days after sowing, data was taken on plant growth and shoot nutrients content. Blends of castor meal and castor husks used as fertilizer promoted substantial plant growth up to the dose of 4.5% (in volume) of meal. Doses higher than 4.5% caused reduction in plant growth and even plant death. It seems that rapidly mineralizing nitrogen from the castor meal is the reason for both the intensive plant growth in low doses, and the reduction of plant growth in high doses due to excessive mineral N. Increments in castor meal dose resulted in increased N and Ca shoot contents. Other macronutrients were not influenced. Castor meal is a good organic fertilizer, due to its high N and P contents, but blending with castor husks is not necessary.     

Effects of bleaching and dyeing on the quality of alpaca tops and yarns

This paper reports the effects of bleaching of alpaca tops and dyeing of bleached alpaca tops/yarns on the quality of tops and yarns. A dark brown alpaca top was bleached with hydrogen peroxide. Two bleaching methods were tried for effectiveness of color removal. A portion of each bleached top was dyed after bleaching. Color parameters were examined for unbleached, bleached and bleached/dyed tops, these tops were then converted into yarns of different twist levels and counts using a worsted spinning system. Some of the bleached yarn from each bleaching method was dyed in a package dye vat to compare the difference of top dyeing versus yarn package dyeing on yarn quality. Fiber diameter, yarn strength, yarn evenness, yarn hairiness and fiber degradation were tested to examine the effects of bleaching and dyeing on these properties at top and yarn stages. A processing route for bleaching and dyeing alpaca fiber was recommended.     

Jute yarn as reinforcement for polypropylene based commingled eco-composites: Effect of fibre content and chemical modifications on accelerated ageing and tear properties

Bidirectional PP/jute yarn eco-composites were fabricated via environment friendly commingling technique and its long term durability/life time was monitored as an effect of accelerated solar ageing on its mechanical properties (tensile & flexural). Accelerated solar ageing promoted the thermal oxidation of PP thus resulting in deterioration of its properties, however; MAPP and KMnO₄ treated commingled composites showed much better stability towards thermal oxidation brought about by the solar concentrator, compared to untreated sample and neat polypropylene. This increased resistivity of treated composites (especially MAPP and KMnO₄) towards thermal oxidation brought about by the solar concentrator is due to the increased interfacial adhesion between the matrix and jute yarn owing to chemical modifications. The significance of effective stress transfer between the PP matrix and reinforcing jute yarns is evident from the increased tear resistance of PP/jute yarn commingled composites with increasing fibre content and also with different chemical treatments.     

Extraction of condensed tannins from grape pomace for use as wood adhesives

The extraction of condensed tannins from grape pomace was examined using a mixture water-sodium hydroxide at 120 °C. The extracts were characterized by solution ¹³C NMR and have showed characteristic consistent with that of condensed tannins with dominant procyanidin units. The tannin fractions reactivity toward formaldehyde was studied by gel time analysis and thermomechanical analysis in bending. It has been demonstrated that the extracts obtained by using 10% of NaOH (w/w) displayed promising properties for adhesive applications.     

The use of conserved forage as a supplement for grazing dairy cows

The difficulty in matching the herbage requirements of grazing dairy cows to herbage production, due mainly to the unpredictability of the latter., causes stocking rates to be too low for maximum per hectare production and, thus, cows to be underfed at certain times in the grazing season. Conserved forage may be used as a supplement for grazing dairy cows in order to reduce variation in forage intake by the cow, to allow pasture stocking rates to be increased and to increase the efficiency of land use. The effect of offering conserved forage with herbage on intakes and production is reviewed in comparison to both ad libitum and restricted herbage. Total nutrient intakes and milk fat + protein yields are reduced for cows offered herbage and supplementary forage compared with cows offered ad libitum herbage, but increased compared with cows offered a restricted herbage level. Increasing pasture stocking rates may allow increases in utilized metabolizable energy levels from grassland but further research is needed in this area. Both grass and maize silage supplements offer potential for increasing the efficiency of land use, but in the case of grass silage this is only achieved in the best management practices.     

Biological pretreatment of sugar cane bagasse for the production of cellulases and xylanases by Penicillium echinulatum

In this study, sugar cane bagasse was pretreated with the white rot fungus Pleurotus sajor-caju PS 2001, and this biomass was subsequently used in the production of cellulases and xylanases by the fungus Penicillium echinulatum. Despite the environmental advantages offered by this type of pretreatment, the enzymatic activity obtained with biologically pretreated sugar cane bagasse (PSCB) was lower than that of the control treatments, which were carried out with untreated sugar cane bagasse (SCB) and cellulose. For medium supplemented with PSCB, the average peak activities obtained were 0.13, 1.0, 0.18, and 0.33 U ml^?1 for FPA, endoglucanase, β-glucosidases, and xylanases, respectively. For the cellulose, control values of 0.52, 1.20, 0.20, and 1.46 U ml^?1, and SCB values of 0.95, 1.60, 0.21, and 1.49 U ml^?1 were obtained, respectively. Although the enzymatic activities of the culture with biologically pretreated sugar cane bagasse were lower than the cultures carried out with untreated sugar cane bagasse, it should be noted that production of enzymes of the cellulase and hemicellulase complex after production of the mushrooms is another way to add value to this agricultural residue.