Mesoscale ocean eddies in the north pacific: westward propagation

A set of subsurface temperature measurements in the trade wind region northeast of Hawaii reveals large perturbations about the mean state, with zonal wavelengths of 480 kilometers. The perturbations are identified as mesoscale baroclinic eddies, and they appear to drift westward at a rate of 4.7 +/- 2.0 centimeters per second. The large-scale ( 1000 kilometers) baroclinic flow at a depth of 200 meters is 1.5 +/- 0.7 centimeters per second, also toward the west, and comparable in magnitude with the eddy drift velocity; this finding suggests that the eddy drift is strongly influenced by the large-scale flow. Mesoscale eddies have been discovered in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean. Their existence in the Pacific Ocean is now confirmed.     

Ocean eddies generated by seamounts in the north pacific

Small-scale (diameters of about 37 kilometers) fluctuations in dynamic topography north of Hawaii along 158 degrees W are well correlated with upstream seamounts. The fluctuations are subsurface but are manifested as baroclinic eddies at the sea surface. These eddies are confirmed by direct observations and supported by theoretical considerations. The eddies cause small-scale variability in the currents and hydrographic structures in this area, and they should be considered in any sampling programs of the region.     

Ventilation of the glacial deep Pacific Ocean

Measurements of the age difference between coexisting benthic and planktic foraminifera from western equatorial Pacific deep-sea cores suggest that during peak glacial time the radiocarbon age of water at 2-kilometers depth was no greater than that of today. These results make unlikely suggestions that a slowdown in deep-ocean ventilation was responsible for a sizable fraction of the increase of the ratio of carbon-14 (14C) to carbon in the atmosphere and surface ocean during glacial time. Comparison of 14C ages for coexisting wood and planktic foraminifera from the same site suggests that the atmosphere to surface ocean 14C to C ratio difference was not substantially different from today's.     

Basalts Dredged from the Northeastern Pacific Ocean

Volcanic rocks dredged from seamounts, fault ridges, and other major geological features of the northeast Pacific Ocean include a wide variety of basalts. Most of these are vesicular, porphyritic types with near analogues in the Hawaiian and other oceanic islands. In addition, aluminous basalts and diabasic theoleiites impoverished in potassium also occur. There is no simple correlation of composition, degree of oxidation, vesiculation, or hydration of these basalts with texture, or depth of dredge site. Most samples appear to have been extruded at much shallower depths than those now pertaining at the dredge site. The distribution of these basalts suggests that the andesite line coincides with or lies on the continent side of the foot of the continental slope.     

东太平洋赤道海域中尺度涡的特征分析

东太平洋赤道海域是我国重要的作业渔场,中尺度涡与渔场形成和分布有着密切的联系。本研究基于流场几何的涡旋判别方法,利用2012-2018年气象卫星遥感数据对东太平洋赤道海域（85°W~125°W,5°S~5°N）的中尺度涡进行识别,分析了该海域中尺度涡旋的空间分布、半径范围、生命周期和迁移路径及速度等基本特征。研究结果显示,东太平洋赤道海域反气旋涡的数量要多于气旋涡的数量;涡旋的生命周期较短,绝大多数不超过一周;涡旋的半径主要集中在250~310 km,迁移速度主要集中在6~18 m/s,迁移距离为25~50 km;在靠近南北纬5°的海域表现出两条涡旋活动较为频繁的“热带区域”,而在纬度为零的海域几乎没有涡旋存在。同时,涡旋的生命周期和半径表现出明显的年间变化。该研究成果为深入分析东太平洋赤道海域渔场形成、时空分布和开展渔情预报提供了基础。     

东南太平洋智利竹䇲鱼资源渔场时空分布

根据2003—2011年东南太平洋智利竹■鱼生产统计数据,利用灰色关联评价等数理方法对东南太平洋智利竹■鱼资源和渔场的时空分布特征进行分析。结果表明,2003—2011年间东南太平洋智利竹■鱼渔场重心主要分布在80°W～95°W、40°S～45°S范围内,随着月份的增加逐步向西北方向移动,并从8月份渔场开始分为两个区域,其渔场重心逐渐向西北和东北两个方向偏移,到10月份逐渐偏移到最北端。在产量比重上,东南太平洋智利竹■鱼渔场分布具有明显的季节变化:秋季渔场分布纬度处于最南端,变化范围相对集中,主要分布在80°W～95°W、40°S～45°S区域内;冬季渔场纬度逐渐北移,春季渔场处于最北端,且变化范围较大。这种变化与渔场重心的分布相一致。经度上集中分布于79°W～101°W区域,纬度上集中分布于30°S～45°S区域。79°W～101°W和30°S～45°S这一区域作业次数也相对较高。灰色关联度表明,9年间东南太平洋智利竹■鱼的资源状况较好,研究竹■鱼的资源时空分布为其今后的可持续开发与管理提供科学依据。     

Variations of Upper Mantle Structure under the Pacific Ocean

The inversion of Rayleigh wave dispersion data for the Pacific Ocean shows that lithospheric thickness increases systematically with age. The lid to the low-velocity channel is very thin or absent near the ridge crest; the low-velocity channel may be absent in the oldest parts of the ocean.     

北太平洋长鳍金枪鱼渔业生物学特性的初步研究

根据2013年10月—2014年2月北太平洋海域长鳍金枪鱼Thunnus alalunga资源探捕项目期间收集的调查数据,对长鳍金枪鱼渔业生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明:北太平洋长鳍金枪鱼叉长范围为63¹22 cm,平均叉长为85.08 cm,优势叉长为81122 cm,平均叉长为85.08 cm,优势叉长为81⁹0 cm(占总数的78.18%);体质量范围为590 cm(占总数的78.18%);体质量范围为5²7 kg,平均体质量为11.11 kg,优势体质量组为927 kg,平均体质量为11.11 kg,优势体质量组为9¹2 kg(占总数的79.29%),雌雄个体叉长、体质量均不存在显著性差异(P>0.05);叉长(FL,cm)与体质量(W,kg)的关系式为W总体=0.0004 FL2.3249,W雄性=0.0003 FL2.3875,W雌性=0.0005 FL2.2515;雌雄性别比为1∶1.17,雌性性腺成熟度以Ⅱ、Ⅲ期为主(占84.69%),雄性以Ⅱ期为主(占41.61%);摄食等级以1、2级为主(占82%),空胃率达到26.25%,胃含物中鲐鱼占大多数(占47.50%)。     

Variations of Rayleigh Wave Phase Velocities across the Pacific Ocean

Rayleigh wave phase velocities on paths crossing the Pacific Ocean show variations which are well correlated with some "average" lithospheric age of the region traversed. The seismic velocities in the upper mantle are highest in the oldest parts of the Pacific and lowest in the youngest parts.     

冬季太平洋与大西洋异常大气环流关系研究

利用1958-2010年逐年的12月和1月的NCEP/NCAR格点资料,分别对北半球太平洋和大西洋、欧亚大陆和北美大陆这2组区域的500 hPa高度场进行了奇异值(SVD)分解。结果表明院所选的2组区域太平洋和大西洋、欧亚大陆和北美大陆500 hPa的位势高度场存在协同变化的关系。当太平洋地区位势高度场偏高时,大西洋地区的位势高度场偏低,反之亦然。冬季的1月上述现象最为明显。上述现象在陆地上比海洋上明显,大洋上高纬度比低纬度明显。     

热带东太平洋中上层食物网结构指数分析

根据2017年6月—2019年2月在热带太平洋东部海域(14°03′N～30°22′S, 179°36′E～114°29′W)开展的6个航次金枪鱼延绳钓渔获采样资料及胃含物组成数据,运用12个食物网网络分析指数,研究热带东太平洋中上层食物网结构特征。结果显示,本食物网物种(类群)数为83,连接数为542,食物网的平均营养级为2.4,顶级物种、中间物种、基础物种的比例分别为10.85%、83.13%、6.02%。食物网不同营养级物种的比例、杂食性指数(omnivorous,O=92.77%)、连接复杂性指数(connection complexity index,C_SC=13.22)和特征路径长度(characteristic path length,P=1.85)的分析表明,该食物网结构处于较稳定状态;聚类系数(clustering coefficient,C_C=0.242)表明食物网物种间可形成几个连接性较密切的子网络结构;由连接密度(linkage density,D=6.53)和连通度指标(connectance,C_l     

Increasing N abundance in the northwestern Pacific Ocean due to atmospheric nitrogen deposition

The relative abundance of nitrate (N) over phosphorus (P) has increased over the period since 1980 in the marginal seas bordering the northwestern Pacific Ocean, located downstream of the populated and industrialized Asian continent. The increase in N availability within the study area was mainly driven by increasing N concentrations and was most likely due to deposition of pollutant nitrogen from atmospheric sources. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition had a high temporal correlation with N availability in the study area (r = 0.74 to 0.88), except in selected areas wherein riverine nitrogen load may be of equal importance. The increase in N availability caused by atmospheric deposition and riverine input has switched extensive parts of the study area from being N-limited to P-limited.     

From anchovies to sardines and back: multidecadal change in the Pacific Ocean

In the Pacific Ocean, air and ocean temperatures, atmospheric carbon dioxide, landings of anchovies and sardines, and the productivity of coastal and open ocean ecosystems have varied over periods of about 50 years. In the mid-1970s, the Pacific changed from a cool "anchovy regime" to a warm "sardine regime." A shift back to an anchovy regime occurred in the middle to late 1990s. These large-scale, naturally occurring variations must be taken into account when considering human-induced climate change and the management of ocean living resources.     

A Net Sink for Atmospheric CH3Br in the East Pacific Ocean

Surface waters along a cruise track in the East Pacific Ocean were undersaturated in methyl bromide (CH(3)Br) in most areas except for coastal and upwelling regions, with saturation anomalies ranging from + 100 percent in coastal waters to -50 percent in open ocean areas, representing a regionally weighted mean of -16 (-13 to -20) percent. The partial lifetime of atmospheric CH(3)Br with respect to calculated oceanic degradation along this cruise track is 3.0 (2.9 to 3.6) years. The global, mean dry mole fraction of CH3Br in the atmosphere was 9.8 +/- 0.6 parts per trillion, with an interhemispheric ratio of 1.31 +/- 0.08. These data indicate that approximately 8 percent (0.2 parts per trillion) of the observed interhemispheric difference in atmospheric CH3Br could be attributed to an uneven global distribution of oceanic sources and sinks.     

日本福岛核泄漏典型人工放射性核素在北太平洋柔鱼渔场的分布

为了解福岛核事故泄漏放射性核素对海洋环境的污染情况,于2011年8—11月在北太平洋公海渔场采集柔鱼样品,带回实验室利用超低本底HPGe γ 谱仪进行分析。监测到福岛核事故释放并扩散至北太平洋公海海域的放射性核素有110Ag、134Cs和137Cs,其中110Ag在3种核素中含量百分比最高,在90%以上,134Cs只占0~1.5%,137Cs也只为0.2~1.3%。在所有站位中,110Ag、137Cs、134Cs 3种核素均在同一站位（155.08°E、42.17°N）含量达最高,分别为101.31、32     

Climate and Chlorophyll a: Long-Term Trends in the Central North Pacific Ocean

Since 1968 a significant increase in total chlorophyll a in the water column during the summer in the central North Pacific Ocean has been observed. A concomitant increase in winter winds and a decrease in sea surface temperature suggest that long-period fluctuations in atmospheric characteristics have changed the carrying capacity of the central Pacific epipelagic ecosystem.