江苏盐城棉花轻简高效栽培技术集成与应用

简速了高品质杂交棉轻简高效栽培技术集成研究的主要内容,介绍了高品质杂交棉新品种应用技术、高品质杂交棉高产保优栽培技术、棉花轻简育苗简化移栽技术、棉花病虫害综合防治技术、棉田立体高效间套种技术的关键措施,评价了集成技术的应用效果.     

湖南省棉花-荷兰豆一年两熟栽培技术

为提高湖南棉田综合效益、创新棉田种植模式,建立了棉花-荷兰豆一年两熟高效栽培模式。从茬口相接、品种选择、直播技术、肥料运筹、化学调控、病虫害防治、采收、秸秆还田等方面介绍了该技术。应用该技术可在保证棉花和荷兰豆稳产的前提下,简化管理、减少用工、减轻劳动强度,促进该地棉田生产方式的变革及棉花生产向多元化、轻简化方向发展。     

江西省棉花轻简化生产的现状及发展前景分析

通过对江西省棉花生产轻简化的调研，概述了目前国内棉花生产情况和江西省棉花生产现状及轻简化生产研究和示范情况，从农村强壮劳力减少、劳动工价上涨、土地流转和集约化经营、单位皮棉成本过高、无替代发展作物和确保原棉自给等方面阐述了目前需要发展棉花轻简化生产，指出了省投入不减产模式、降低劳动强度的机械化和集约化生产模式、取长补短的间套种提高棉田周年效益模式是目前江西适合发展的三种主要模式。并提出了要加快研究成熟的不同轻简化生产模式和配套技术、推进轻简化生产覆盖率的建议，旨在促进江西省棉花轻简化生产的健康和快速发展。     

浅析浙西棉区棉花生产效益的影响因素与对策

近年来，棉花生产由于受国际国内棉价下降、人工成本上升、生产资料价格提高等因素的影响，种植效益连年下滑。作者通过对浙西棉区棉花生产节本增效技术的调研，提出优化品种结构、合理间作套种、推广工厂化育苗技术、实施病虫害综合防治和棉花分级收售等对策措施，以提升浙西棉区棉花竞争力。     

河南省棉花轻简化育苗机械化移栽技术进展

针对河南省棉花生产持续下滑的局面,提出应加大模式创新、技术创新、机械创新和机制创新。改传统的麦棉两熟套种为多熟高效套种;改麦套春棉为春育夏栽麦棉连作;改人工移栽管理为机械化移栽管理。经过多年的试验示范,初步形成了以棉花轻简化育苗、机械化移栽为主体的种植模式,为河南省棉花生产的恢复和可持续发展奠定了良好的技术基础。     

湘西北油后直播棉“三免三减”栽培技术及其示范效果

从种植区域选择、播前准备、播种、施肥、免定苗与整枝、病虫害防治、化学调控与打顶、灌溉、脱叶催熟与采收、秸秆处理等方面，对湘西北油后直播棉“三免三减”（免耕、免定苗、免整枝，减少施肥、化学调控、采摘次数）栽培技术要点进行了详细介绍，并分析了该技术在湖南省桃源县的试验示范效果。结果表明，在稳定棉花产量的情况下，“三免三减”栽培技术能减少劳动力和部分生产资料投入，从而增加植棉效益，为湘西北乃至长江流域棉区油后直播棉轻简种植提供技术指导，有利于促进该区域棉花产业的恢复和发展。     

长江流域棉花轻简高效种植技术探讨

长江流域棉区是中国三大主要产棉区之一。近年来,受劳动力成本上升,棉花用工繁多、比较效益下降,以及生产中机械化、信息化程度低等因素影响,当地棉花种植面积急剧萎缩。为改变现状,从棉花品种、轻简化机械化管理技术、绿色高效栽培技术以及现代农业信息化智能化技术等方面进行了分析,探讨了长江流域棉花轻简高效种植技术措施及研究方向,为长江流域棉花产业持续发展提供参考。     

赣中地区棉花荷兰豆套种及轻简栽培技术

本文介绍了江西赣中地区棉花与荷兰豆套作模式及轻简栽培模式,并介绍该模式下棉花、荷兰豆的轻简栽培技术,包括选择配套栽培的优质良种、田块选择、科学肥水管理、棉花化学调控、病虫草害绿色防控等方面内容.棉花荷兰豆套种经济效益比棉花单作提高59.5％、比荷兰豆单作提高2.84％,棉花荷兰豆套种模式投入减少,提高棉农的经济效益.以...     

辽宁省北票市棉花高产高效轻简化栽培技术及应用

针对辽宁省北票市传统植棉用工多、劳动力不足、植棉成本高、机械化水平低的现状，提出采用以机械直播、化学除草、病虫防治、化学调控塑形、集中采摘为核心的高产高效轻简化栽培技术，可减少植棉的人工投入、提高机械化应用、节约劳动力和成本。该技术可为辽宁特早熟棉区棉花生产的恢复和可持续发展提供重要技术支撑。     

湖南棉花-马铃薯轮作轻简化栽培技术规程

棉花-马铃薯轮作模式对提高棉田综合效益、缓解粮棉争地矛盾等都具有重要意义。根据湖南冬作马铃薯种植习惯,结合湖南棉花轻简栽培技术研究成果,提出了棉花-马铃薯轮作轻简化栽培技术规程。该规程符合省工节本、增产增效的农业发展方向,对棉花-马铃薯轮作标准化生产具有一定的指导作用。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。