共查询到16条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
为明确猕猴桃黑点病的发生与果实矿质元素含量的关系,以期为黑点病的防治提供理论依据和指导方法,本研究通过测定病果与健果的果皮中主要矿质元素N、P、K、Ca、B、Mn,分析各矿质元素含量与发病的相关性,进而采取补施病果中显著缺乏的矿质元素,并测定补施后其对黑点病的预防效果。结果表明:2018—2019年,猕猴桃黑点病普遍发生,病园率高达100%。不同年份、不同果园“翠香”猕猴桃黑点病发病程度不同。通过对比病果与健果中矿质元素含量发现,病果皮中的N、B含量显著高于健果,Ca含量显著低于健果,并且病果皮中N/K、N/Ca、P/Ca和K/Ca比值显著大于健果,而Ca/B和Ca/Mn比值显著低于健果。连续两年田间补施Ca肥,对猕猴桃黑点病的预防效果可达到70%以上。猕猴桃黑点病的发生可能与果园管理中N、B过量以及Ca施用不足引起的矿质元素失衡有关。 相似文献
5.
“套袋苹果斑点病”是套袋果实的重要病害,每年导致3%~10%损失,而“套袋苹果黑点病”是套袋苹果斑点病的一种类型。本研究采用病原菌分离、接种、诱导发病等方法,揭示了黑点病发病的诱因、机制与条件,可为病害的防治提供科学依据。结果表明,诱发套袋苹果黑点病的病原菌是粉红单端孢(Trichothecium roseum);苹果谢花30 d后,幼果上就潜带有大量病原菌;自未喷施过杀菌剂的果园内摘取苹果幼果,在20℃~30℃、100%的相对湿度条件下保湿培养3 d可以诱发黑点病斑;在2周时间内,保湿培养的时间越长,诱发的黑点病斑数量越多;黑点病菌侵入果肉组织后能诱发寄主细胞木栓化,木栓化细胞进一步阻止了病菌的生长与扩展;5月下旬(谢花后30 d)采摘的幼果可诱发产生黑点病斑,但病斑较小;7月上旬(谢花后60 d)苹果果实对黑点病菌最敏感,保湿后诱发的病斑数量最多,形成的病斑大;进入8月份,果实的抗病性明显增强;所测试的9种杀菌剂都能有效抑制黑点病斑的形成,降低果实发病率,但不能完全阻止黑点病斑的形成。苹果果实套袋前,喷施杀菌剂降低果实的带菌量是防治黑点病的重要技术措施。 相似文献
6.
“套袋苹果斑点病”是套袋果实的重要病害,每年导致3%~10%损失,而“套袋苹果黑点病”是套袋苹果斑点病的一种类型。本研究采用病原菌分离、接种、诱导发病等方法,揭示了黑点病发病的诱因、机制与条件,可为病害的防治提供科学依据。结果表明,诱发套袋苹果黑点病的病原菌是粉红单端孢(Trichothecium roseum);苹果谢花30 d后,幼果上就潜带有大量病原菌;自未喷施过杀菌剂的果园内摘取苹果幼果,在20℃~30℃、100%的相对湿度条件下保湿培养3 d可以诱发黑点病斑;在2周时间内,保湿培养的时间越长,诱发的黑点病斑数量越多;黑点病菌侵入果肉组织后能诱发寄主细胞木栓化,木栓化细胞进一步阻止了病菌的生长与扩展;5月下旬(谢花后30 d)采摘的幼果可诱发产生黑点病斑,但病斑较小;7月上旬(谢花后60 d)苹果果实对黑点病菌最敏感,保湿后诱发的病斑数量最多,形成的病斑大;进入8月份,果实的抗病性明显增强;所测试的9种杀菌剂都能有效抑制黑点病斑的形成,降低果实发病率,但不能完全阻止黑点病斑的形成。苹果果实套袋前,喷施杀菌剂降低果实的带菌量是防治黑点病的重要技术措施。 相似文献
7.
8.
苹果再植病及病原线虫种的研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
再植苹果苗表现典型的再植病,其症状为:根系分生能力差,生长缓慢,根组织尤其输导根上发生许多黑色病斑,地上部长势差,长梢抽生困难,定植成活率低。从再植苹果苗的根内分离到了线虫,经鉴定为草地根腐线虫(Pratylenchus pratensis(de Man, 1880) Filipjev,1936),并首次阐明为苹果再植病病因之一。不同栽培措施下,幼苗根内线虫密度不同:再植前土壤消毒比不消毒低,接种VA菌根比不接种低,清耕比覆草低,种植三叶草或万寿菊后线虫密度低。这4种栽培措施配套使用可能成为控制苹果再植病的潜在途径之一。 相似文献
9.
10.
山东文登一果农 ,8年前发现自家新红星果园有一病株 ,其果实随着生长而龟裂 ,果面粗糙 ,不知何病。后改接红富士 ,最初两年结果良好 ,但其后全树果实表面呈红、黄、绿相间的花脸状 ,并且已有8株同症状的病树。经专家诊断为锈果病 ,只得全部刨掉 ,损失很大。那么该病是如何发生的?又怎样防治呢?一、症状苹果锈果病的症状主要表现在果实上 ,被害果实症状主要有3种类型。1.锈果型。病果从幼果期始表现症状 ,先在果面锈斑明显 ,而产生许多深入果肉的纵横裂纹 ,裂纹处稍有凹陷 ,病果易萎缩脱落 ,不堪食用。这种类型常见于国光、富士、青香… 相似文献
11.
12.
陕西省猕猴桃黑斑病病原菌鉴定 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
To confirm the causal pathogen and damage degree of a new disease of kiwifruit-black spot in Shaanxi Province, a field investigation was conducted in Zhouzhi County and Huyi District in 2018. The pathogen was isolated from the diseased fruits and identified based on morphological characteristics, pathogenicity testing, sequence alignment and phylogenic tree analysis. The results showed that the average incidence of black spot was 65%, and the early fruiting rate was 33%. Fruits infected with black spot disease were soft-rotted after being stored for two months under low temperature conditions. The pathogenic fungi were isolated from the under skin of Cuixiang kiwifruits and the strains could produce two types of conidia, including oval α-type conidia and curved β-type conidia. Through sequences alignment of 18S rRNA, ITS, reference gene (EF1-α) and phylogenetic tree clustering analysis, it was identified for the first time that the causal pathogen causing black spot disease of Cuixiang kiwifruit in Shaanxi Province was Diaporthe eres. 相似文献
13.
14.
15.
甘肃省桃果实褐斑病病原鉴定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来,桃果实褐斑病在甘肃省中部的兰州、临洮等地的桃园中危害严重。在疏于防治的桃园,受害严重的中晚熟桃,病果率超过70%。经病原菌分离培养、柯赫氏法则证病,及病原菌形态学和分子生物学鉴定(GenBank accession number:KT002183),明确其病原为Thyrostroma carpophilum(Lév.)B.Sutton。在罹病桃果实上,病斑圆形,褐色,散生,稍凹陷,直径0.5~1.5cm,病斑上有时可见环生的黑色粉粒状分生孢子座;病菌分生孢子淡褐色至褐色,聚集时呈黑色,梭形或蠕虫形,端细胞锥状或钝圆,具2~9个横隔膜,偶见1~2个斜隔膜,分隔处缢缩,孢子大小为(24.68~72.21)μm×(9.36~14.94)μm,平均(53.58±8.95)μm×(12.65±1.15)μm。病菌适宜生长温度为20℃;30℃几乎不生长;35℃培养7d,部分培养物即死亡。 相似文献
16.
J. F. Ling X. B. Song P. G. Xi B. P. Cheng Y. P. Cui X. Chen A. T. Peng Z. D. Jiang L. H. Zhang 《Plant pathology》2019,68(8):1533-1542
Litchi (Litchi chinensis) pepper spot disease results in black spotting symptoms on litchi fruits. This disease was first observed on litchi cultivar Guiwei, in Guangzhou, China, in 2009, and then found widespread in other litchi-growing regions of China. Colletotrichum isolates were consistently recovered from typical black spot lesions of diseased fruits with frequency ranging from 83% to 100%. Three representative Colletotrichum isolates from Maoming, Guangzhou and Shenzhen were selected for identification and pathogenicity testing in the field. Based on morphology and phylogenetic analysis using the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), calmodulin (CAL), actin (ACT), β-tubulin (TUB2) and glutamine synthetase (GS) gene sequences, the three isolates were identified as C. siamense. In the pathogenicity experiments, typical symptoms appeared on the inoculated litchi fruits, including black spots and green patches around these black spots. These symptoms were consistent with the symptoms originally observed in the field. Colletotrichum siamense was successfully reisolated from the typical black spot lesions of the inoculated litchi fruits. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on characterization of C. siamense as the causal agent of litchi pepper spot disease in mainland China by successful inoculation on fruits under field conditions. 相似文献