甜瓜坏死斑点病毒山东分离物的基因组

甜瓜坏死斑点病毒(Melon necrotic spot virus,MNSV)是我国甜瓜病毒新纪录种,主要靠种子和土壤真菌传播。本文以MNSV山东分离物(MNSV-Shandong)为材料,利用RT-PCR和RACE技术获得了MNSV山东分离物基因组,并分析了其基因组成和进化关系。MNSV-Shandong基因组为4 267 nt,编码5个ORF,参与复制的p29和p89基因分别编码29 kDa和89 kDa蛋白质;p42基因编码的外壳蛋白为42 kDa;p7A和p7B基因编码的移动蛋白均为7 kDa。系统进化树表明MNSV-Shandong与海门分离物(MNSV-HM)聚在一起,与欧洲、部分亚洲及北美洲在一个分支上,与日本分离物距离较远。本文为国内首次报道MNSV山东分离物基因组。     

两种甜瓜病毒寿光分离物的分子检测与鉴定

甜瓜坏死斑点病毒(Melon necrotic spot virus,MNSV)及瓜类褪绿黄化病毒(Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus,CCYV)近年来在瓜类种植区均大面积发生,危害较为严重,已成为制约甜瓜生产的重要因素。本研究广泛收集疑似感染MNSV及CCYV的甜瓜病叶,从中提取植物总RNA进行RT-PCR扩增,将产物分别连接到pEASYT1Simple克隆载体上,对含有目的片段的重组子进行测序及比对分析。结果显示得到了与预期结果一致的DNA序列,其扩增产物大小分别为673bp(MNSV)和877bp(CCYV)。同源性分析结果表明,MNSV和CCYV寿光分离物的核苷酸序列与中国其他地区或一些国家已报道的分离物同源性达99%~100%。     

广西三种甜瓜病毒分离物的分子检测与鉴定

瓜类褪绿黄化病毒Cucurbits chlorotic yellows virus(CCYV)、甜瓜黄化斑点病毒Melon yellow spot virus(MYSV)及甜瓜坏死斑点病毒Melon necrotic spot virus(MNSV)是近年来报道侵染瓜类作物的新病毒,在个别种植区大面积发生,对生产构成严重威胁。为了解3种病毒在广西的发生情况,先后到各西甜瓜种植区进行了调查,并采集疑似CCYV、MYSV及MNSV的甜瓜病叶样品,提取病叶总RNA,通过特异性引物分别进行一步法RTPCR扩增,电泳结果显示RT-PCR产物与预期大小一致的序列条带;将扩增产物分别连接到pMD19-T克隆载体上,挑选阳性克隆子进行序列测定及比对分析。结果表明:CCYV、MYSV和MNSV广西分离物的CP基因序列与其他已报道核苷酸序列一致性分别达95.1%~100%、96.5%~99%和83.7%~92.5%。     

携带GFP的MNSV侵染性克隆载体的构建

正甜瓜坏死斑点病毒(Melon necrotic spot virus,MSNV)属于番茄丛矮病毒科(Tombusviridae)香石竹斑驳病毒属(Carmovirus),其主要寄主是葫芦科作物。MNSV首次在我国江苏海门发生[1],随后在山东寿光[2]、青州市[3]及广西南宁[4]等地均有报道。种子带毒是该病害初侵染的主要来源[5],随着种子调运、设施栽培推广和甜瓜产业的发展,该病害日趋严重。MNSV侵染初期叶片、叶柄和茎杆出现坏死斑或     

甜瓜坏死斑点病毒广西分离物近全基因组序列克隆及分析

正甜瓜坏死斑点病由甜瓜坏死斑点病毒(Melon necrotic spot virus,MNSV)引起,最早报道于日本(Kishi,1966),中国于2008年首次在江苏省海门市的甜瓜上发现,随后在山东省寿光、泰安等市陆续被报道,严重影响瓜类的品质与质量。吴会杰和古勤生(2017)分析了MNSV-HM和MNSV-Shangdong甜瓜分离物基因组,进化分析结果显示二者亲缘关系较近,可能具有相同来源。近年来,广西壮族自治区甜瓜生产发展较快,病毒病发生有逐年加重之势,因此本研究     

携带eGFP的ZYMV侵染性克隆的构建及其侵染性

 小西葫芦黄花叶病毒(zucchini yellow mosaic virus,ZYMV)是瓜类作物主要病毒之一,严重威胁瓜类产业的可持续发展。本研究在ZYMV 甜瓜分离物CH-87侵染性克隆基础上,利用同源重组策略在NIb和CP编码序列之间插入了eGFP,命名为pXT1-ZYMV-eGFP。将pXT1-ZYMV-eGFP转化农杆菌并接种西瓜和甜瓜,结果发现pXT1-ZYMV-eGFP可以系统侵染西瓜和甜瓜,引起典型的花叶症状,在紫外灯下发病植株呈现绿色荧光。经摩擦接种证实,该克隆接种后所产生的病毒子代可以稳定的传播繁殖。研究表明携带eGFP的ZYMV侵染性克隆成功构建,可用于该病毒致病性及病毒与寄主互作的相关研究。     

引起哈密瓜坏死的两种病毒的分离及鉴定

 从哈密瓜早熟品种上分离到两种引起坏死症状的病毒,称为哈密瓜坏死病毒(HmNV)和哈密瓜叶脉坏死病毒(HmVNV),两者都能系统感染哈密瓜,影响植株滞长,但坏死的症状不同。HmNV可侵染葫芦科、豆科和茄科的14个品种,但是不侵染普通烟、苋色藜和千日红。T.D.P.75~85℃,D.E.P.10^-5~10^-6,L.I.V.7天。提纯的HmNV含有两种球形粒子,直径约为24毫微米和16毫微米,沉降常数为114S和73S。A₂₈₀/A₂₈₀比值为1.82,A₂₆₀/A₂₃₅比值为1.57。在琼脂糖双扩散试验中与烟草坏死病毒的抗血清发生沉淀反应,与甜瓜坏死斑病毒(MNSV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)和南瓜花叶病毒(SqMV)的抗血清无沉淀反应。根据这些性质,HmNV应是烟草坏死病毒的一个株系或是烟草坏死病毒组的一个成员。     

新疆、甘肃甜瓜病毒病的鉴定及防治

对甘肃、新疆两省(区)186个厚皮甜瓜病毒病标样的鉴定结果表明,病毒种类有黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)、西瓜花叶病毒2号(WMV-2)和南瓜花叶病毒(SqMV)。其中WMV-2是主要病毒种类。不同地区或同一地区不同年份各个病毒的消长有较大的变化。桃蚜(Myzus persicae)、豆蚜(Aphis craccivora)及麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum)可传播WMV-2,其中桃蚜的传毒效率最高。棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)可传CMV。种广可传带SqMV,其带毒率为7.6%。对1300个甜瓜品种及材料的抗病性试验结果没有发现任何免疫和抗病类型,但白兰瓜类型较哈密瓜类型抗病,薄皮甜瓜较厚皮甜瓜抗病,其中中国梨瓜龙田一号发病很轻。覆盖银灰膜、喷高脂膜及种植高粱隔离诱杀带等综合防治措施可使发病率减少82.0%,增产15.7—40.5%。     

京郊葫芦科作物花叶病毒的类型初报

从1957到1958年,在北京都区进行了瓜类作物花叶病毒的调查研究。在记述病作物症状的同时,还采集了各类花叶病株的标样,进行了病毒的常规鉴定。西葫芦的花叶病是一个严重的病毒病,鉴定的结果证明其毒原主要为典型的甜瓜花叶病毒(MMV),而且能侵染西瓜而产生系统性花叶症。在南瓜的花叶病标样中分离到的也是甜瓜花叶病毒,但是这个株系不同于典型的甜瓜花叶病毒,因为它们都不侵染西瓜。从黄瓜花叶病标样中分离出来的病毒全属于黄瓜花叶病毒种羣(GMV),其中可能有不同的株系,而秋黄瓜上却分离出了一个毒原,不侵染心叶菸,系统侵染普通菸和毛叶菸,在蔓陀蘿叶上产生局部枯斑而具有较高的致死温度(85℃)。作者认为这可能是一个新单元,称之为秋黄瓜花叶病毒(ACMV)。所有在甜瓜,哈密瓜及绞瓜上分离出来的毒原都是属于典型甜瓜花叶病毒的,但梢瓜(即白瓜)上的毒原都是黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV),没有广州报告的白瓜花叶花病毒。丝瓜花叶病的分离物类似甜瓜花叶病毒,但寄主范围远较狭隘,很可能是一个甜瓜花叶病毒的新株系。     

南瓜蚜传黄化病毒甜瓜分离物的侵染性克隆构建

 南瓜蚜传黄化病毒(cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus,CABYV)近年来发生普遍,严重威胁甜瓜的生产。前期构建了一个CABYV丝瓜分离物(CABYV-QY)的侵染性克隆,但其在甜瓜中的侵染率偏低,不宜用于甜瓜接种。本研究以CABYV甜瓜分离物CABYV-WS为研究对象,通过RT-PCR扩增、拼接获得全基因组序列,通过构建全长基因组cDNA克隆,分析其侵染性。结果显示,该分离物基因组全长为5682 nt,与CABYV-QY(MT943520)的核苷酸序列一致性为88.61%~100.00%,氨基酸为84.94%~100.00%。将cDNA克隆接种分析,发现所用的8个甜瓜品种均能被系统侵染并引起典型的黄化症状,侵染率为70%~100%。其中,甜瓜品种‘新密杂11号’和‘新密25号’感病性较强,接种CABYV后发病周期短且侵染率可达100%。CABYV侵染性克隆的成功构建有助于该病毒的分子致病性和寄主的抗病性等研究。     

Genetic diversity of Melon necrotic spot virus and Olpidium isolates from different origins

The geographic incidence, genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) and Olpidium isolates were studied in three cucurbit species from several Latin American and European countries on different collecting dates. Of the 112 cucurbit samples analysed, 69 from Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama and Spain were DAS‐ELISA‐positive for MNSV. Olpidium bornovanus and O. virulentus infections, and MNSV infections mixed with these Olpidium species, were observed for all these countries. Twenty‐nine MNSV isolates from all the origins where the virus was detected were selected and amplified by RT‐PCR. The resulting RT‐PCR of the p29, p89, p7A, p7B and p42 proteins was used to estimate the genetic diversity and the phylogenetic relationships of the MNSV population. The sequences obtained in this study were compared with the MNSV sequences of the NCBI database, and three groups were recovered by nucleotide composition according to geographical origins: the EU‐LA genotype group (with two subgroups: EU and LA, European and Latin American isolates, respectively), the JP melon genotype group (Japanese melon reference isolates) and the JP watermelon genotype group (Japanese watermelon reference isolates). The genetic diversity in the entire p7A and p7B proteins of MNSV suggests that these coding regions are under strong selective pressure. Additionally, the rDNA‐ITS region was analysed in 40 O. bornovanus and O. virulentus isolates associated with each geographical location and host examined. Phylogenetic analysis showed two groups for each Olpidium species, and these groupings were related to the host from which they were originally isolated.     

小麦FtsH2蛋白与WYMV CP互作研究

 小麦黄花叶病毒(Wheat yellow mosaic virus, WYMV)是马铃薯Y病毒科大麦黄花叶病毒属成员,主要危害冬小麦。实验室前期以WYMV外壳蛋白(coat protein,CP)为诱饵,通过酵母双杂交筛选小麦cDNA文库,发现FtsH2蛋白部分片段与WYMV CP互作。FtsH2蛋白是AAA蛋白酶家族成员,参与植物叶绿体光损伤修复和类囊体发育进程。本研究利用酵母双杂交和双分子荧光互补技术进一步对FtsH2蛋白全长与WYMV CP进行互作验证,并鉴定互作结构域;利用荧光蛋白标记技术研究FtsH2蛋白与CP的亚细胞定位。实验结果表明FtsH2蛋白全长与CP互作;两者互作的关键结构域包含FtsH2蛋白低复杂区、跨膜区及AAA结构域和WYMV CP的中段区域(61-293 aa)。FtsH2蛋白单独表达时定位在细胞质、细胞核和叶绿体;CP单独表达时定位在细胞质;两者共同表达时亚细胞定位均没有发生明显变化,且主要共定位于细胞质中。WYMV CP与小麦FtsH2蛋白的互作可能会干扰植物绿叶体的发育和功能。本研究对了解WYMV的症状形成机制具有一定意义。     

A new strain of Melon necrotic spot virus that is unable to systemically infect Cucumis melo

We report a new strain of Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) that is unable to systemically infect Cucumis melo. A spherical virus (W-isolate), about 30 nm in diameter like a carmovirus, was isolated from watermelons with necrotic symptoms. The W-isolate had little serological similarity to MNSV, and it did not cause any symptoms in six melon cultivars susceptible to MNSV; however, the host range of the W-isolate was limited exclusively to cucurbitaceous plants, and transmission by O. bornovanus was confirmed. Its genomic structure was identical to that of MNSV, and its p89 protein and coat protein (CP) showed 81.6 to 83.2% and 74.1 to 75.1% identity to those of MNSV, respectively. Analysis of protoplast showed that the W-isolate replicated in melons at the single-cell level. Furthermore, chimeric clones carrying the CP of MNSV induced necrotic spots in melons. These results suggested that the absence of symptoms in melons was due to a lack of ability of the W-isolate to move from cell to cell. In view of these findings, we propose that the new isolate should be classified as a novel MNSV watermelon strain.     

携带GFP的MNSV侵染性克隆载体的构建

Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) is a newly reported melon-infecting virus species in China, which is seriously terrible in melon production. The MNSV full-length cDNA of MNSV was obtained by RT-PCR and was ligated to pXT1 vector to obtain the infectious clone vector pXT1-MNSV. The melon was inoculated with pXT1-MNSV, and melon leaves infected with pXT1-MNSV were collected and inoculated into the healthy melon by sap. The results showed that the infectious clone pXT1-MNSV was well pathogenic and could be transmitted by sap, so the Koch′s law was completed. Using MNSV infectious clone, the MNSV infectious clone vector pMNSV-cp-GFP harboring full-length GFP was constructed, Because GFP fluorescence can be detected by RT-PCR and in both melon roots and leaves by confocal scanning laser microscopy. Here, We constructed MNSV infections clone and pMNSV-cp-GFP clone vectors for the first time in China. The MNSV infections clone provided a tool for the analysis of its pathogenic mechanism at the molecular level. In addition, we also constructed MNSV infectious clone vectors carrying GFP, which could be used in the fluorescent labeling of MNSV and its distribution, movement and colonization during virus infection.     

小麦FtsH2蛋白与WYMV CP互作研究

 小麦黄花叶病毒(Wheat yellow mosaic virus, WYMV)是马铃薯Y病毒科大麦黄花叶病毒属成员,主要危害冬小麦。实验室前期以WYMV外壳蛋白(coat protein,CP)为诱饵,通过酵母双杂交筛选小麦cDNA文库,发现FtsH2蛋白部分片段与WYMV CP互作。FtsH2蛋白是AAA蛋白酶家族成员,参与植物叶绿体光损伤修复和类囊体发育进程。本研究利用酵母双杂交和双分子荧光互补技术进一步对FtsH2蛋白全长与WYMV CP进行互作验证,并鉴定互作结构域;利用荧光蛋白标记技术研究FtsH2蛋白与CP的亚细胞定位。实验结果表明FtsH2蛋白全长与CP互作;两者互作的关键结构域包含FtsH2蛋白低复杂区、跨膜区及AAA结构域和WYMV CP的中段区域(61-293 aa)。FtsH2蛋白单独表达时定位在细胞质、细胞核和叶绿体;CP单独表达时定位在细胞质;两者共同表达时亚细胞定位均没有发生明显变化,且主要共定位于细胞质中。WYMV CP与小麦FtsH2蛋白的互作可能会干扰植物绿叶体的发育和功能。本研究对了解WYMV的症状形成机制具有一定意义。     

Watermelon necrosis caused by a strain of melon necrotic spot virus

A severe disease of watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) grown in plastic houses in Crete, was characterized by leaf and stem necrosis followed by death of the plants. A strain of melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) was identified as the causal agent of the disease on the basis of biological, morphological and serological properties. The watermelon strain of MNSV induced only local necrotic lesions in melon and cucumber plants and was serologically distinct from MNSV Cretan isolate. Gomphrena globosa was found a useful herbaceous host for differentiating it from common isolates of MNSV.     

大豆花叶病毒诱导的应用于膜蛋白酵母双杂交的大豆cDNA文库构建

Membrane-baesd yeast two-hybrid system is an effective method for research on interaction between Soybean mosaic virus-encoded membrane-associated proteins and host factors, while the Gateway technology without the use of restriction enzyme cloning techniques is easier for construction of virus-induced host cDNA library. In this study, both membrane-based yeast two-hybrid system and Gateway^TM systems were used. With TRIZOL regent, total RNA was extracted from soybean leaves infected with soybean mosaic virus. SMV-induced soybean primary cDNA library constructed by Gateway technology was recombined into a reconstructed prey vector for membrane-based yeast two-hybrid system. The capacity and quality tests showed that the library titer was 1.7 ? 10⁶cfu/mL and the length of inserted cDNA fragments ranged from 0.5 to 2 kb. It is available for research on interaction between the virus-encoded membrane protein and host.     

Functional degeneration of the resistance gene nsv against Melon necrotic spot virus at low temperature

The single recessive gene, nsv, which confers resistance against Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV), has recently been used to develop virus-resistant melon cultivars in Japan. However, the Chiba isolate of MNSV, a common isolate in Japan, infected resistant cultivars when inoculated melon plants were grown at 15°C. Viral RNAs accumulated in protoplasts from resistant cultivars at both 15 and 20°C. Mechanical inoculation of the cotyledons caused MNSV to spread throughout the leaves at 15°C, but not at 20°C. These results support our novel hypothesis that a temperature-sensitive inactivation of disease resistance genes occurs at the nsv locus in melon cultivars with the resistance gene grown at temperatures below 20°C. The first and second authors contributed equally to this research.     

利用酵母双杂交系统筛选与草莓镶脉病毒移动蛋白P1互作的寄主因子

 构建感染草莓镶脉病毒(SVBV)森林草莓的酵母cDNA文库,利用酵母双杂交系统,筛选出与SVBV P1蛋白互作的15种寄主因子。生物信息学分析发现,这15种寄主因子参与茉莉酸途径、泛素化、光合作用、抗病抗逆、蛋白修饰、蛋白运输和氧化还原等多种生物过程。另外,这些寄主因子还具有其他分子功能,包括氧化还原酶活性、蛋白二硫化物异构酶活性和金属离子结合活性等。本研究初步探讨了P1与寄主因子的互作机理,为揭示SVBV侵染森林草莓以及SVBV在寄主中扩展的分子机制提供理论依据。