罗汉果青枯病病原菌株的鉴定

 The pathogen of Siraitia grosvenorii wilt was identified.Six strains were isolated from diseased plants of S.grosvenorii collected from Yongfu County in Guangxi.By using bacteriological identification,pathogenicity tests assay,16S rDNA sequence analysis,the S.grosvenorii wilt was caused by Ralstonia solanacearum.The results of pathogenicity and carbohydrate utilized test demonstrated that the pathogen belonged to race 1 and biovarⅢ of R.solanacearum.     

一株地黄茎部致病菌的鉴定及防治药剂筛选

 在河南省温县地黄(Rehmannia glutinosa)种植园采集茎部感病的地黄植株,从感病部位分离、纯化出4株病原菌。通过对分离菌的形态学观察、致病性检测及ITS、EF1-α、TUB、CAL、HIS多基因核酸序列分析,鉴定其中1株分离菌为扁桃腐皮壳菌(Diaporthe amygdali),为地黄茎部病害的新型致病菌。生物学特性研究表明,最适宜该致病菌生长的为PDA培养基;菌丝生长的最佳温度为25 ℃、最适pH值为6、对光照不敏感;最适碳氮源分别是麦芽糖和蛋白胨。药剂抑菌活性筛选结果表明,选用的10种杀菌剂对D. amygdali生长都有一定的抑制作用,其中500 g·L^-1氟啶胺悬浮剂活性最高,EC₅₀为0.092 5 mg·L^-1。上述结果为D. amygdali引起的地黄茎部病害防治提供了科学依据。     

茶树叶斑病病原菌可可毛色二孢菌的鉴定

The tea leaf disease, which led to a large loss of production and decrease of quality, was found in the tea region in Huishui county, Guizhou province. Some strains were isolated from the diseased samples, and the representative strains fulfilled Koch’s postulate. Then the isolates were further identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and elongation factor 1-α (EF-1α) regions. The results showed that the pathogen of the leaf disease occurred in Huishui county, Guizhou province was L. theobromae.     

茶树叶斑病病原菌可可毛色二孢菌的鉴定

<正>可可毛色二孢菌(Lasiodiplodia theobromae Pat. Griffon Maubl.)属葡萄座腔菌属(Botryosphaeria)病原菌的无性型,其有性型为Botryosphaeria rhodina(Berk. M.A. Curtis)Arx[1,2]。该病原菌可导致热带、亚热带地区的植物发生病害,如葡萄树干溃疡和顶梢枯死[3],春芋叶斑病[4],橄榄溃疡病[5]等。叶斑病是茶树的一类重要病害。近年来,不     

地黄萎蔫病致病菌的鉴定及防治药剂筛选

 从河南省温县地黄种植园采集具有典型萎蔫症状的地黄病株,分离、纯化出5株病原菌。对其进行形态学观察、致病性检测及分子生物学分析,其中1株鉴定为黄瓜织球壳菌(Plectosphaerella cucumerina),为地黄的新型致病菌。将该病原菌引起的地黄病害暂命名为地黄织球壳菌萎蔫病。该病原菌对光照敏感,最适培养基为PDA培养基;菌丝最适生长温度为25 ℃、最适pH值为8,最适碳氮源分别为可溶性淀粉和硝酸钠。室内防治药剂筛选结果表明,选用的11种杀菌剂中,有6种对P. cucumerina表现出不同程度的抑制作用,其中500 g·L^-1苯醚甲环唑·丙环唑乳油对病原菌菌丝生长的抑制效果最好,EC₅₀为0.255 3 mg·L^-1,可作为防治地黄织球壳萎蔫病的优选药剂。本研究为地黄萎蔫病的识别与防治提供了科学依据。     

矮龙船花枯梢病病原菌Lasiodiplodia hormozganensis的鉴定

In May 2019, a new dieback on Ixora williamsii Sandwith was found during the disease surveys of the plants in the Sansha City, Hainan Province. The fungal pathogen YXD-918-1 was isolated by methods of tissue isolation and purified using single-spore isolation. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of ITS region, EF1-α and TUB gene sequences, the fungal isolate was identified as Lasiodiplodia hormozganensis. The pathogenicity test confirmed that this species isolates were pathogen on I. williamsii. This is the first report of the dieback on I. williamsii caused by L. hormozganensis in China.     

洛阳核桃黑斑病病原菌鉴定

<正>0引言核桃黑斑病是核桃的三大主要病害之一,发病范围广,危害严重,一般植株受害率70%～90%,果实受害率10%～40%,严重时达65%以上,导致核桃栽培经济效益大幅降低^[1]。核桃黑斑病病菌在病枝、芽鳞和残留的病果等处越冬,从气孔、皮孔、柱头、伤口等处侵入,借雨水、花粉、昆虫传播,可多次侵染^[2]。     

烟草内生短短芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及对烟草青枯病的防效

 在烟草青枯病区采取健康烟草植株,从其茎杆内分离到2株对烟草青枯拉尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacarum)有强拮抗作用的内生菌株009和011。形态观察、生理生化鉴定及16S rDNA序列比对结果表明,菌株009和011均归属为Brevi-bacillus brevis,009、011菌株与B. brevis(AY591911)相似性分别为99.5%和99.0%,GenBank登录号分别为DQ444284、DQ444285。生长特性研究结果表明,它们的最适生长pH值分别为6.5、7.5,最适生长温度分别为25、30℃。温室内用淋根法分别先接种009和011菌株,后接种病原菌,其防效分别为87.25%和52.30%。用009和011菌液分别和烟草青枯病菌的混合液淋根,其防效明显低于前者。田间小区试验结果表明,011菌株的防效明显高于009菌株和农用链霉素。     

鸭粪中1株水稻纹枯病菌拮抗细菌的鉴定

为探索稻鸭复合生态系统抑制水稻纹枯病发生的作用机理,以从鸭粪中分离到的1株拮抗细菌A168对水稻纹枯病菌的拮抗效果进行了研究。测定了其对水稻纹枯病菌的拮抗作用及其抑菌谱;根据培养性状、形态特征、生理生化测定、扫描电镜观察及16S rDNA序列分析对其进行了鉴定;构建了包括其在内的13株相关种属菌株的系统发育树。A168菌株对水稻纹枯病有明显的拮抗作用,且对小麦赤霉病菌(Fusarium graminearum)、稻曲病菌(Ustilaginoidea virens)和油菜菌核病菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)有抑制作用,抑菌谱广;A168菌体杆状,革兰氏染色阳性、芽孢中生、周生鞭毛、16S rDNA分析与其亲缘关系较近菌株Bacillus cereus(AJ577288.1)的同源性达99%,结合形态和生理生化特征,鉴定A168菌株为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus),其16S rDNA序列已在GenBank中注册,登录号为GQ118339。A168为开发防治水稻纹枯病生防制剂提供了依据。     

橘-芝麻套种模式下芝麻青枯病初侵染源分析

 净作11年的橘园首次套种芝麻,发现园内芝麻青枯病发生严重。为探明芝麻青枯病初侵染源,本研究从芝麻青枯病株上分离到菌株JXRs02,通过形态学、分子生物学以及聚类分析,鉴定其为青枯雷尔氏菌演化型I。利用针刺接种法,将JXRs02菌株接种至柑橘园中的4种杂草凹头苋、青葙、空心莲子草以及加拿大蓬,发现JXRs02能够侵染凹头苋杂草,造成枯萎症状;LAMP检测的结果显示,在凹头苋病株组织内能够检测到青枯雷尔氏菌。依据柯赫氏法则,利用分子生物学方法证明了对凹头苋杂草具有致病性的菌株和造成芝麻青枯症状的病原菌同为青枯雷尔氏菌演化型I。同时发现,在凹头苋、青葙、空心莲子草和加拿大蓬4种杂草的根际土壤中芝麻青枯病菌均能够定殖繁衍。推测凹头苋杂草可能为芝麻青枯病菌的中间寄主,凹头苋、青葙、空心莲子草和加拿大蓬等杂草根际土壤积累的菌源可能为橘园套种芝麻后青枯病的初侵染来源。本研究对制定作物青枯病的防治策略具有一定科学意义。