不同海岛棉品种（系）对脱叶剂的响应研究

研究不同海岛棉新品系对脱叶剂欣噻利及其施药频次的响应,分析其脱叶率、吐絮率、品质性状及产量性状的差异。2019年以海岛棉品系ZX25、ZX61、ZX85、ZX102、ZX113为对象,经脱叶试验筛选出早熟、絮畅、朵大、对欣噻利敏感的品系ZX102 和ZX113,于2020年开展脱叶剂频次试验。研究表明：ZX102 和ZX113 对脱叶剂敏感,早熟、吐絮集中,农艺性状和产量性状满足机械采收的要求;施药频次试验中,一次性足量喷施脱叶剂处理较2次轻量喷施脱叶剂处理的脱叶率、吐絮率达到机械采收要求的时间提前约3～6 d,且均高于清水对照;喷施脱叶剂后上部棉铃的马克隆值显著降低,对其他品质性状无显著影响;同时,上部棉铃的铃重显著降低,籽指下降,但对衣分和籽棉产量无显著影响,并且一次性足量喷施脱叶剂对纤维品质、产量性状的影响大于2次轻量喷施。2次喷施欣噻利（900 mL·hm^－2＋900 mL·hm^－2）后的脱叶率、吐絮率理想,对纤维品质及产量性状的不利影响较小,可用于指导实际生产,确保原棉质量。     

不同行距配置下脱叶剂对棉花产量的影响

通过田间小区试验研究不同行距配置模式下喷施脱叶剂对棉花脱叶吐絮效果及纤维品质的影响。结果表明,2种行距配置模式下喷施脱叶剂对棉花叶片脱落率影响不大。喷药后6 d,一膜6行(66+10) cm配置模式下的棉铃吐絮率高于一膜3行(76cm等行距),但不同脱叶剂处理间无显著差异;喷药后20 d,喷施脱叶剂处理的棉铃吐絮率均在90%以上,且不同脱叶剂和行距配置模式处理间无显著差异。从棉花品质来看,2种行距配置模式下喷施脱叶剂对棉花产量及纤维品质影响不大。综合比较来看,喷施瑞脱龙对一膜3行配置模式下棉花产量及纤维品质影响较小且脱叶吐絮效果较好,更适宜在奎屯植棉区推广。     

助剂对无人机喷施棉花脱叶剂作业效果的影响

采用极飞3WWDZ-15A多旋翼植保机喷施棉花脱叶剂“棉田阔笑”（540 g·L^－1噻苯隆·敌草隆悬浮剂）,通过布置雾滴测试卡研究了雾滴在棉花冠层的沉积分布情况,结合田间脱叶催熟效果调查及棉花纤维品质检测,研究了烷基乙基磺酸盐、农健飞和倍达通3种助剂对棉花脱叶催熟效果、棉花产量主要构成因素和纤维品质指标的影响。结果表明：采用无人机喷施脱叶剂,雾滴沉积分布满足脱叶剂施药要求。添加助剂的3个处理药后30 d脱叶率达到85.53%～100%,显著高于未添加助剂的处理。添加农健飞、倍达通助剂处理的棉花吐絮率分别为66.22%和60.73%,显著优于未添加助剂的处理。助剂对棉花铃重和衣分及纤维品质主要指标无不利影响。     

南疆不同类型棉花品种机采适宜性分析

通过对南疆第一师示范推广的J206-5、新陆中82号、新陆中70号3个主栽棉花品种进行喷施脱叶剂机采试验,调查棉花对脱叶剂的敏感性及对棉花脱叶率、吐絮率、采净率、含杂率、产量品质的影响。结果表明,新陆中82号生育期124 d,叶片小,单株成铃多,含絮力强,采净率高,含杂率低,丰产性好,品质优良,是适宜在南疆棉区种植推广的机采棉品种。     

南疆不同类型棉花品种机采适宜性分析

通过对南疆第一师示范推广的J206-5、新陆中82号、新陆中70号3个主栽棉花品种进行喷施脱叶剂机采试验,调查棉花对脱叶剂的敏感性及对棉花脱叶率、吐絮率、采净率、含杂率、产量品质的影响。结果表明,新陆中82号生育期124 d,叶片小,单株成铃多,含絮力强,采净率高,含杂率低,丰产性好,品质优良,是适宜在南疆棉区种植推广的机采棉品种。     

棉花化学打顶对机采棉脱叶催熟效果的影响

为了探求棉花化学打顶是否影响化学脱叶催熟剂使用效果,2014―2015年选择2种化学打顶剂（氟节胺复配剂、缩节胺复配剂）,以人工打顶方式为对照,研究不同打顶方式对机采棉脱叶催熟效果的影响。试验结果表明,化学打顶处理棉花在吐絮期喷施脱叶催熟剂8 d后,脱叶率和吐絮率都显著高于人工打顶棉花,2年平均高出约4.6和2.4百分点,挂枝叶（离层形成且脱落但被挂在茎秆、果枝上的叶片）率较人工打顶处理棉花低2.2百分点;喷施脱叶催熟剂16 d后,脱叶率、吐絮率相对人工打顶处理2年分别高1.9、6.4百分点,挂枝叶率相比人工打顶处理棉花少1.5百分点。化学打顶棉花在喷施脱叶催熟剂后8 d,2年脱叶率均在90%以上,喷施脱叶催熟剂后16 d,吐絮率均超过90%;与化学打顶棉花相比,人工打顶棉花脱叶率和吐絮率达到90%所需时间多7～8 d。综上,化学打顶处理可提高叶片脱落率,降低挂枝叶率,提升脱叶质量,使棉铃吐絮时间集中。     

不同脱叶剂对棉花产量品质的影响

为进一步探索棉花脱叶剂使用方法和推进南疆机采棉发展,提升南疆地区棉花产量及品质,通过对南疆当地不同脱叶剂的筛选以及对脱叶率和吐絮率的研究,探明脱叶剂对南疆棉花产量品质的影响,以期为南疆机采棉提质增效和长期稳定发展提供理论依据。试验选用瑞花、催脱通、脱吐隆、瑞脱龙4种脱叶剂在新疆兵团农一师阿拉尔市十二团进行,结果表明,4种脱叶剂均具有很好的脱叶效果和吐絮效果,其中催脱通和脱吐隆处理的脱叶率及吐絮率较好,脱吐隆药效最显著、脱叶率及吐絮率最高,催脱通处理对棉花品质最稳定,脱吐隆、催脱通、瑞花处理不同程度提高了棉花单产。使用脱吐隆、催脱通经济效益最好。     

不同脱叶剂对棉花产量品质的影响

为进一步探索棉花脱叶剂使用方法和推进南疆机采棉发展，提升南疆地区棉花产量及品质，通过对南疆当地不同脱叶剂的筛选以及对脱叶率和吐絮率的研究，探明脱叶剂对南疆棉花产量品质的影响，以期为南疆机采棉提质增效和长期稳定发展提供理论依据。试验选用瑞花、催脱通、脱吐隆、瑞脱龙4种脱叶剂在新疆兵团农一师阿拉尔市十二团进行，结果表明，4种脱叶剂均具有很好的脱叶效果和吐絮效果，其中催脱通和脱吐隆处理的脱叶率及吐絮率较好，脱吐隆药效最显著、脱叶率及吐絮率最高，催脱通处理对棉花品质最稳定，脱吐隆、催脱通、瑞花处理不同程度提高了棉花单产。使用脱吐隆、催脱通经济效益最好。     

MG-1S型无人机喷施不同棉花脱叶剂的田间效果对比

利用大疆MG-1S型无人机开展棉花脱叶剂田间小区药效试验。结果表明：喷施脱吐隆20 d后脱叶率、吐絮率分别达91.5%、89.4%,略高于喷施逸采与瑞脱龙的效果。3种脱叶剂的脱叶率、吐絮率均显著高于喷施清水。     

北疆机采棉喷施脱叶剂适期与气象适宜指标研究

为了提高北疆机采棉的脱叶效果,并保证棉花品质和产量的下降程度最低。通过研究脱叶效果与喷施脱叶剂时气象条件的关系,以获得棉花喷施脱叶剂最适宜时间。结果表明,喷施后5至15天是脱叶剂关键期,日平均气温18℃,日最低气温15℃时,棉花脱叶率最高,脱叶率为98%～99%,但对棉花产量影响较大;日平均气温17℃,日最低气温13℃,满足这个气象条件脱叶效果较好,脱叶率达98%～99%,棉花产量和品质也都达到试验要求。石河子地区以9月10日左右把握适宜的温度条件进行喷脱叶剂是最适宜时间     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.