适应玉米的溶磷细菌筛选及其对玉米生长的影响

从石灰性土壤中分离获得4株高效溶磷细菌X5、X6、Z4和Z8,研究其生物学特征,探索其单独及复合的溶磷促生潜能。研究发现菌株X5、X6、Z4和Z8均可以利用玉米根系分泌物作碳源生长。菌株X6和Z4均能产生吲哚乙酸(IAA)和铁载体,菌株Z8可产生IAA不产生铁载体,菌株X5可产生铁载体不产生IAA。盆栽试验结果表明,接种单一溶磷菌及4株菌复合处理均可促进玉米生长,但复合菌群的溶磷促生效果显著高于单一菌株。通过16S r RNA基因序列分析研究菌株的分类地位,初步鉴定X5、X6、Z4、Z8分别为荧光假单孢菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)、草假单胞菌(Pseudomonas poae)、巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。     

溶磷菌剂对玉米幼苗生长及根际土壤细菌群落结构 和磷素形态的影响

以FD11(普瑞斯特氏菌Priestia sp.)和CH07(阿氏芽孢杆菌Bacillus aryabhattai)两种溶磷菌剂为试验材料,进行菌剂灌根盆栽试验,测定溶磷菌剂施用对玉米生长、根际土壤养分、土壤微生物特性及土壤不同形态磷含量的影响。结果表明,施用溶磷菌剂可改善根际土壤养分特征和微生物学特性,增加根际土壤的活性磷源含量,对玉米幼苗表现出良好的促生作用。与不施菌剂相比,FD11处理玉米幼苗的株高、茎粗、地上部干重分别增加31.88%、36.39%、104.00%;根际土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾分别增加了21.90%、107.67%、5.77%。施用溶磷菌剂的土壤H₂O-Pi(Pi为无机磷)、NaHCO₃-P和NaOH-P含量增加,但HCl-Pi和Residual-P含量显著降低。施用溶磷菌剂改变了玉米根际土壤细菌的群落结构,在细菌属分类学水平上,不动杆菌属、假单胞菌属、海洋杆菌属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属、节杆菌属等功能细菌的相对丰度显著增加。综合以上分析,施用溶磷菌剂显著提高了土壤速效养分含量,改变了根际土壤细菌的群落结构,增加了活性磷源的...     

PGPR复合菌剂对辣椒生长及根际土壤微生物结构的影响

为研究植物根际促生菌(PGPR)菌剂在田间条件下对辣椒的促生效果及其对根际土壤微生物结构的影响,以前期筛选到的4株PGPR菌株制备的复合菌剂为研究对象、辣椒为试验材料进行田间试验,分别设置了100%化肥组(CK)、100%化肥+PGPR复合菌剂组和80%化肥+PGPR复合菌剂组共3个处理,在幼苗期、始花期和坐果期对辣椒进行灌根,测定了不同处理组辣椒的株高及茎粗、产量和根际微生物的结构变化。结果表明:PGPR复合菌剂能有效促进辣椒植株增高和茎粗增加,单株产量及挂果数较100%化肥组分别增加34.14%、38.62%和47.44%、52.89%,每公顷鲜椒增产约9 000～10 000 kg。微生物菌群的结构变化表现为,PGPR菌剂灌根的处理组中,微生物总量和细菌数量显著性增加、真菌数量减少,放线菌数量则表现为盛果期显著增加;溶磷、解钾及固氮菌等功能菌群的数量总体上升,增幅不一致。表明施用PGPR复合菌剂对辣椒的促生效果显著,且影响了辣椒根际的土壤微生物结构。     

糜子溶磷内生真菌的筛选及其鉴定

[目的]从产自宁夏回族自治区、甘肃省的不同糜子品种中分离、筛选出具有高效溶磷能力的内生真菌菌株并在糜子中接种,旨在评价其溶磷促生效果。[方法]采用溶磷圈和钼锑抗比色法测定糜子溶磷能力,同时通过盆栽试验测定其对糜子苗期生长、光合及磷素吸收累积的作用。[结果]从糜子种子内分离的内生菌株中有5株具有溶磷能力。其中,2株为来自甘肃省的LM_1(Talaromyces sp.黄丝曲霉属),LM_2(Talaromyces sp.),3株为来自宁夏回族自治区GM_1(Talaromyces sp.),GM_2(Penicillium sp.青霉属),GM_3(Penicillium chrysogenum产黄青霉)。GM_1,GM_3号菌株溶磷圈直径(D)与菌落直径(d)的比值(D/d)较大,分别达到了1.59,1.47;相同成分液体培养基中可溶性磷含量分别为264.75和323.48μg/ml,溶磷率分别达到5.26%和6.43%,显著(p0.05)高于其他菌株;其pH值分别为2.88和3.63,显著(p0.05)低于其他菌株。5个溶磷真菌的溶磷率与pH值呈极显著(p0.01)负相关。盆栽试验中,当磷用量减少75%和50%并接种溶磷菌GM3时,糜子SPAD值(叶绿素相对含量的一个参数)分别为20.63和21.46,净光合速率分别达为23.2和25.87μmol/(m~2·s)。植株全磷含量分别为10.08和12.39 mg/盆,均显著高于对照(CK)(p0.05),表明接种GM_3对糜子促生作用表现明显。[结论] GM_3为本试验得到的目标菌株,并且表现出良好的溶磷促生作用。     

东北黑土区大豆根际促生菌群落组成研究

为明确东北黑土区大豆根际促生菌的群落组成,选择内蒙古自治区鄂温克族自治旗、黑龙江省海伦市、黑龙江省克山县和黑龙江省农垦红兴隆农场4个采样点,分析了大豆根际自生固氮菌、解磷菌、溶磷菌和硅酸盐细菌的群落组成,解析了促生菌种与地域之间的对应关系。结果表明:东北黑土区的大豆根际土壤中存在大量促生菌,自生固氮菌达到104cfu.g 1,溶磷菌和解磷菌达到105cfu.g 1,硅酸盐细菌达到103cfu.g 1;分离得到具有自生固氮能力的菌株5株,溶磷菌6株,解磷菌7株,硅酸盐细菌4株;自生固氮菌多样性指数在0.94~1.60之间,溶磷菌多样性指数在0.83~1.52之间,解磷菌的多样性指数在1.07~1.67之间,硅酸盐细菌多样性指数在0.52~0.96之间,4个取样点大豆根际促生菌的多样性指数均大于2。采用对应分析确定了不同地区的典型促生菌,内蒙古鄂温克族自治旗的特征种为自生固氮菌LLN8(Azotobacter beijerinckia indica),黑龙江省海伦市的特征种为溶磷菌DHS13(Micrococcus),黑龙江省克山县的特征种为溶磷菌DHS19(Pseudomo-nas),黑龙江省红兴隆农场的特征种为自生固氮菌LLN1(A.chrooco-ccum)和溶磷菌DHS5(Azotobacter)。同时明确了LLN2(A.azomonas)、LLN6(Bacillus mucilaginosus)、DHS9(Arthrobacter)、DHSO2(Pseudomonas)、DHSO14(Erwinia)、DHSO17(Corynebacterium)和LSJ21(Bacillus)在东北黑土区大豆根际分布较为广泛,这些菌株为研发中国东北黑土区大豆专用型复合生物肥料提供了基础条件。     

稻田固氮解磷解钾菌筛选及其复合菌剂对土壤培肥作用

用固氮、解磷、解钾培养基,分别从稻田土壤中分离获得9个固氮菌株(A1-A9)、7个解磷菌株(B1-B7)和6个解钾菌株(C1-C6)。对各菌株固氮、解磷、解钾能力及水稻促生效果分析表明,最突出菌株分别为A5、B2、C5;各菌株等比例混合组成复合菌剂接入灭菌稻田土壤,30 d后可使土壤总氮、有效磷、速效钾分别增加21.32%、32.17%、45.57%;初步鉴定各菌株分别为固氮菌属(Azotobacter sp.)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)。复合菌剂处理稻田土壤,水稻苗高、鲜重、干重及植株全氮、全磷、全钾显著优于对照组,说明筛选菌株可在稻田土壤氮、磷、钾转换及培肥过程中起重要作用。     

根际促生菌应用于基质对水稻幼苗生长的影响

为了研究根际促生菌对水稻幼苗的促生效果,培育高效优质水稻育苗基质,本研究选用5株根际促生菌(LY5:枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),LY11:解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens),X2:摩拉维亚假单胞菌(Pseudomonas moraviensis),X3:沙芬西芽孢杆菌(Bacillus safensis),X8:绿针假单胞菌(Pseudomonas chlororaphis)分别与本实验室已筛选出的最适配比基质进行混合制作高效水稻育苗基质,以不添加促生菌为对照,在盆栽条件下,研究根际促生菌对水稻幼苗生长和代谢的影响。结果表明:①解淀粉芽孢杆菌(LY11)应用于育苗基质对水稻幼苗的促生效果及代谢活性最好。②在育苗基质中添加根际促生菌后,地上部生物量和壮苗指数均比对照显著增加,增幅分别为17.24%～31.19%和11.37%～23.28%。③添加根际促生菌的育苗基质能够促进水稻幼苗根系的生长,根体积、总根长等均比对照显著增加,且改善了根系形态结构,显著提高了根系活力。④根际促生菌处理显著促进了水稻幼苗对氮磷钾养分的吸收,且氮、钾...     

芽孢杆菌与根瘤菌复合包衣对大豆结瘤固氮能力的影响

为了探究不同芽孢杆菌与根瘤菌复合包衣对大豆结瘤固氮的影响,通过盆栽试验,设置不接菌对照(CK)、根瘤菌单独包衣(R)、阿氏芽孢杆菌(RB)和胶质类芽孢杆菌(RP)2种促生菌分别与根瘤菌双包衣以及 3种菌混合包衣(RBP)共5个处理,测定大豆根瘤数量、干重、根瘤固氮酶活性及植株氮、磷、钾含量,筛选根瘤菌剂最佳组合。结果表明,接种菌剂的处理均能够促进大豆结瘤固氮,其中RB处理效果最好,能够获得最高的大豆植株干重、根瘤数量、根瘤干重、固氮酶活性、全氮含量,比CK分别提高51.80%、14.44%、53.33%、44.36%、25.61%,3种菌包衣并没有比双接种促生效果更好。相关性分析表明,根瘤干重与固氮酶活性、根瘤数量及植株干重都呈显著正相关关系,说明根瘤的质量可能比数量更能准确评价共生固氮效率。此结果为根瘤菌剂应用于机械化种植提供可能性,为进一步推广根瘤菌剂的规模化生产应用提供了科学依据。     

pqq基因簇在Escherichia coli DH5α中表达及对其溶磷促生的影响

为丰富植物促生菌的构建模式,本文以Escherichia coli DH5α为供试菌株,通过遗传转化,将水生拉恩氏菌(Rahnella aqautilis)HX2的pqq基因簇导入E.coli DH5α,获得DH5α(pqq)菌株,采用平板溶磷、钼锑抗比色法、HPLC法、温室盆栽等试验分析研究DH5α(pqq)菌株溶磷产酸促生作用机理。DH5α(pqq)菌株与E.coli DH5α相比,溶磷圈直径、有效磷浓度增加,溶解矿质磷的能力显著增强;有机酸代谢显著增加,以产葡萄糖酸为主。DH5α(pqq)处理与对照相比对玉米株高、茎鲜重、植株鲜重、茎干重、植株干重、全磷、土壤有效磷分别提高了5.2%、30.0%、32.5%、18.5%、7.7%、30.8%和24.0%,并呈显著性差异(P0.05)。表明来自HX2菌株的pqq基因簇通过异源表达具有活性,能够实现对溶磷促生的遗传改造。     

兼具水稻纹枯病拮抗功能的生物水稻育苗基质效果研究

水稻纹枯病是水稻上常见的土传病害之一,为了研发出可防治水稻纹枯病兼具促生效果的功能型生物水稻育苗基质,本研究选用前期筛选出具有固氮解磷功能的根际促生菌:LY5枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、LY11解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)、X2摩拉维亚假单胞菌(Pseudomonas moraviensis)、X3沙芬西芽孢杆菌(Bacillus safensis)、X8绿针假单胞菌(Pseudomonas chlororaphis),首先探索该5株促生菌对水稻纹枯病病原菌的抑菌率,再将其与水稻纹枯病病原菌混合,在实验室已筛选出的最适配比基质基础上,研发功能型生物水稻育苗基质。在盆栽条件下,与市售水稻育苗基质对比,验证功能型生物水稻育苗基质对水稻纹枯病发病率、水稻幼苗生长和体内抗性相关酶类的影响。结果表明:(1)5株根际促生菌对水稻纹枯病病原菌均具有拮抗作用,抑菌率达到35.31%～40.20%。(2)5株拮抗促生菌能够降低水稻纹枯病的发病率,其中添加LY11菌株的处理较对照处理的每盘出苗数显著增加了110.41%,而发病率显著降低了...     

两株芽孢杆菌对茶用菊红心菊生长和品质的影响

为探讨从不同品种菊花根际土壤中分离的两株芽孢杆菌对茶用菊生长和品质的影响,以茶用菊红心菊为试验材料,研究对照(CK)、接种解淀粉芽孢杆菌处理(Ba)、接种枯草芽孢杆菌处理(Bs)、接种解淀粉芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌混合处理(Ba+Bs)对茶用菊红心菊各生育期生理指标的影响。结果表明,苗期菌剂对各生理指标的促生效果显著高于生长期和花期;花期时,菌剂接种处理均不同程度地促进了茶用菊红心菊收获时品质和产量的提高,其中绿原酸、木犀草苷、3,5-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸含量与CK相比平均提高20%左右,且三组接种菌剂处理之间无显著差异,而Ba+Bs处理后红心菊的黄酮含量最高,比CK提高15.64%,同时该处理红心菊的估产量也最高,比CK、Ba和Bs分别提高了152.00%、64.12%和33.61%。综上所述,在茶用菊苗期栽培土壤中混合接种解淀粉芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌(Ba+Bs)可以显著提高红心菊外观品质、花期产量以及茶用品质。本研究结果为今后茶用菊功能微生物有机肥研发奠定了良好的基础。     

PGPR对水稻塑盘旱育秧苗素质的影响

采用水稻抛秧塑盘(434孔)旱育秧方法,研究3株PGPR(Bacillus sp.RBB1、Bacillus sp.WP8和Pseudomonassp.RBP1)对水稻旱育秧苗素质的作用,比较PGPR不同接种方式及施用壮秧剂对促生效果的差异,以及PGPR对土壤细菌群落结构的影响。结果表明:①RBP1和WP8可不同程度地促进秧苗生长,主要表现在促使秧苗矮壮、增加干物质积累;②PGPR拌土普遍优于浸种方式;③PGPR的有效性受是否与壮秧剂混用的影响,其次是接种方式;④地上部干物重对PGPR不同处理方式较为敏感,是评价促生效果的理想指标;⑤PGPR对土壤细菌群落结构有一定的影响,但不十分明显。通过研究,明确WP8和RBP1具有开发成水稻育秧专用微生物肥料的潜力。     

低磷土壤接种菌根真菌和解磷细菌对大田玉米生长和磷吸收的影响

丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)能与多数陆生植物共生,促进植物吸收养分尤其是磷。解磷细菌(Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria,PSB)可以活化土壤中难溶性无机磷和有机磷。本研究采用苯菌灵对田间低磷土壤中土著AM真菌进行灭菌,并接种外源AM真菌(Glomusversiforme,G.v)和PSB(Pseudomonassp.),研究AM真菌和PSB接种对不同生育期玉米生长、磷养分吸收和产量的影响。结果表明,施用苯菌灵能够有效地抑制土著AM真菌对玉米根系的侵染,未施用苯菌灵处理中土著AM真菌促进了玉米前期和收获期的生长,提高了玉米吸磷量;接种Pseudomonas sp.促进了玉米六叶期根系的生长;接种外源AM真菌G.v促进了玉米六叶期和收获期地上部的生长,但降低了玉米产量。双接种Pseudomonas sp.和G.v对玉米生长、吸磷量和产量未表现出显著的协同效应。     

Mycorrhizae enhances horticultural plant yield and nutrient uptake under phosphorus deficient field soil condition

Mycorrhizae can enhance plant growth and phosphorus (P) use efficiency in horticultural plants. This research evaluated the effectiveness of mycorrhizae on increasing growth and yield of nine horticultural plants for two different rates of P fertilization under field conditions. The mycorrhizal inoculums increased the root colonization of mycorrhizal horticultural plants compared with the non-inoculated treatments. Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased onion, garlic, chickpea, broad bean, carrot, parsley and cress plants. Mycorrhizal effectiveness showed that without P addition the effect of mycorrhizae on plant yield is much higher than that with P fertilizer addition. Under low P fertilization inoculation effectiveness is much higher than P addition treatments. Mycorrhizal inoculums also increased tissue P and zinc (Zn) for horticultural plant. The improved growth, yield, Zn and P uptake in plants demonstrated the potential of mycorrhizal inoculation to reduce the effects P fertilization on horticultural plants grown under field conditions.     

AM真菌对离子型稀土矿山废弃地土壤修复改良效果研究

【目的】研究3种AM真菌对离子型稀土废弃矿区的生态修复改良效果,为选择适宜的AM菌剂提供技术支撑。【方法】试验采用盆栽方法,供试土壤采自江西省赣州市定南县某废弃的离子型稀土矿区,供试作物为黑麦草。在灭菌的土壤上,分别接种摩西斗管囊霉(Glomus mosseae,G.m)、根内根孢囊霉(Rhizophagus intraradices,R.i)、幼套球囊霉(Glomus etunicatum,G.e),以不接种菌剂为对照,每个处理重复6次。播种催芽后的黑麦草,黑麦草生长210天,进行了8次株高和干物量监测,在黑麦草生长195天时(第8次监测),收获3个重复的黑麦草,植株样品用于分析地上部和根部干重、NPK含量,根际土壤样品用于分析pH、有机质、全量和速效氮磷钾含量。其余3个重复停止灌水用于干旱胁迫处理,在黑麦草生长210天时测定了植株超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和脯氨酸含量。【结果】与不接菌空白组相比,接种G.m、R.i、G.e处理根际土壤pH由强酸性(4.60)提高至7.62～7.90,有机质分别提升了123.9%、126.8%、105.0%;G.m处理土壤全氮、碱解氮和全磷分别提升...     

AM真菌对田间山银花生长、矿质营养及绿原酸含量的影响

Lonicera confusa, a traditional Chinese medicine herb for treating cold, flu, acute fever, and so forth, is often grown artificially in acidic soils and suffers from phosphorus (P) deficiency. A five-year field experiment was carried out to study the colonization rate, growth, nutrition, and chlorogenic acid content of Lonicera confusa seedlings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Glomus etunicatum and Glomus intraradices. Before transplanting into a field, both AM-inoculated and uninoculated control plants were cultured in nursery beds. In the plants inoculated with the AM fungi, the colonization rate decreased linearly with time and a greater decrease was observed in the plants inoculated with G. intraradices than with G. etunicatum, while the AM colonization increased from 0% to 12.1% in the uninoculated control plants 5 years after transplanting. Plant height, crown diameter, number of new branches, and flower yield increased significantly by AM inoculation as compared to the uninoculated control. Phosphorus concentrations in leaves and flowers increased, and plant uptake of nutrients, e.g., nitrogen (N), P, and potassium (K), was also enhanced significantly by AM inoculation. The Lonicera confusa seedlings had a better response to inoculation of G. intraradices than G. etunicatum in both growth and chlorogenic acid content in flowers. In contrast, both plant P uptake and P concentrations in leaves and flowers were similar between two fungal inoculations. The positive responses of Lonicera confusa to AM inoculation in growth, nutrient uptake, flowering, and chlorogenic acid content in flowers suggested that AM inoculation in nursery beds could promote the plant growth and increase chlorogenic acid content in flowers of Lonicera confusa when grown on acidic and P-deficient soils.     

Food preferences of earthworms for soil fungi

Soil fungi are considered to be an important food source for earthworms. Selection experiments were carried out in order to study the preferences of earthworm species for a variety of soil fungi. Nine fungal species (Cladosporium cladosporioides, Rhizoctonia solani, Mucor sp., Trichoderma viride, Fusarium nivale, Phlebia radiata, Glaeophyllum trabeum, Coniophora puteana, Coriolus versicolor) were grown separately in centrifuge tubes on sterilized sand with potato dextrose. Tubes containing different fungal species, 8–9 per experiment, were arranged in a food choice arena. The preference for the fungi of 5 different earthworm species (Lumbricus terrestris, Lumbricus castaneus, Aporrectodea caliginosa, Aporrectodea rosea, Octolasion cyaneum) was tested by adding one specimen per chamber. Removal of sand from the tubes within 6 days was used as the indicator of preference by earthworms. The food preference of earthworms irrespective of ecological group followed a general pattern. F. nivale and C. cladosporioides were the preferred fungal species, followed by fast-growing species such as Mucor sp. and R. solani. In contrast, basidiomycetes were generally refused. The epigeic species L. rubellus had the strongest preference for a single fungal species, in contrast the endogeic species A. rosea fed more evenly on different fungal species. We conclude that early successional fungal species are used as cues by earthworms to detect fresh organic resources in soil.     

Enhancing micronutrient uptake and yield of wheat through bacterial PGPR consortia

A pot experiment was undertaken under net house conditions, with three rhizobacterial strains AW1 (Bacillus sp.), AW5 (Providencia sp.) and AW7 (Brevundimonas sp.), applied along with 2/3 recommended dose of nitrogen (N) and full dose of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers (N₉₀P₆₀K₆₀). An enhancement of 14–34% in plant biometric parameters and 28–60% in micronutrient content was recorded in treatments receiving the combination of AW1?+?AW5 strains, as compared to full dose of fertilizer application. The treatment involving inoculation with AW5?+?AW7 recorded highest values of % P and N, with a two-fold enhancement in phosphorus and 66.7% increase in N content, over full dose application of P and K fertilizers. A significant correlation was recorded between plant biomass, panicle weight, grain weight, N, P and iron (Fe) with acetylene reduction activity, indicating the significance of N fixation in overall crop productivity. Our study illustrates the multiple benefits of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculation in integrated nutrient management and biofortification strategies for wheat crop.     

RHIZOSPHERIC EFFECT OF VESICULAR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL INOCULATION ON BIOMASS PRODUCTION OF RUTA GRAVEOLENS L.: A POTENTIAL MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC HERB

A bio-inoculation experiment was performed on Ruta graveolens L., known as “Garden Rue” seedlings for the biomass production. Seedlings were inoculated with single and in combined mycorrhizal treatments. All inoculated seedlings showed significant biomass production than control seedlings. The phosphorus (P) content was more in seedlings inoculated with consortium of three native VAM fungi followed by Glomus mosseae, Acaulospora laevis and Gigaspora gigantea alone treatments. The control seedlings had the least P content but root P content was more than shoot P content in all treatments. The biomass of shoot and root was also significantly more in seedlings inoculated with consortium followed by G. mosseae, A. laevis and G. gigantea alone treatment. The control seedlings again had low shoot and root biomass. The Biovolume index (B_i) was also high in all inoculated treatments than non-inoculated control but consortium treatment (7.98) had at par B_i than rest of inoculation treatments. The quality index (Q_i) value was also high in mixed consortium (1.42) and A. laevis treatment (1.42) each respectively than G. mosseae (1.38) and G. gigantea (1.29) treatments. Control seedlings had low value of Q_i (1.27). The present study indicates that G. mosseae, A. laevis, G. gigantea are the best strains of VAM symbionts when mixed together for inoculating the R. graveolens to get higher yield of biomass. A. laevis is also good strain of VAM fungi for the same purpose. The G. gigantea alone proved least effective strain for inoculation purpose in R. graveolens but when mixed together in consortium of native VAM fungi as described above executed good results for enhancing the biomass production.     

Plant growth and nutrition in pine (Pinus thunbergii) seedlings and dehydrogenase and phosphatase activity of ectomycorrhizal root tips inoculated with seven individual ectomycorrhizal fungal species at high and low nitrogen conditions

We investigated the functions and ecological traits of seven individual ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal species derived from a Pinus thunbergii-dominated (nitrogen-poor) and a Robinia pseudoacacia-dominated (nitrogen-rich) area. P. thunbergii seedlings were inoculated with seven individual ECM fungal species and cultured under high nitrogen (nitrogen group) and low nitrogen (control group) conditions. Control seedlings were not inoculated with any ECM fungus. Seedlings harvested were examined for the numbers of non-mycorrhizal and ECM root tips, growth, nutrient status (nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon) and the activity of dehydrogenase and phosphomonoesterase in the root tips. The relationships among the growth, nutrient status and the enzymatic activity in the seedlings inoculated with each ECM fungal species were also analyzed by canonical discriminants. As the results, inoculation of ECM fungi made the plant growth significantly higher than those of non-inoculated seedlings. Plant growth significantly correlated with the phosphorus content, N:P ratio and phosphomonoesterase activity, especially in the nitrogen group. Dehydrogenase and phosphomonoesterase activities in the seedlings were higher when the ECM fungi from a nitrogen-rich area were inoculated than when those from a nitrogen-poor area were inoculated. The canonical discriminant analyses separated seedlings by inocula: no fungus, ECM fungi from a nitrogen-poor area, and those from a nitrogen-rich area. These results suggested the possibility that nitrogen deposition caused P shortage and the P absorbing ability was higher in the ECM fungi in nitrogen-rich forests than those in nitrogen-poor forests.