斜带石斑鱼精子超微结构及盐度、温度、pH对精子活力及寿命的影响

选取健康雄性斜带石斑鱼(Epinepheluscoioides)亲鱼进行人工采精,以日立H-600型透射电镜观察精子超微结构,同时设定盐度梯度、温度梯度和pH梯度,观察其对精子活力的影响。超微观察显示,精子头部呈圆形或卵圆形,核膜与质膜间的空间较大;近端中心粒的长轴与尾部约成120°的夹角;基体位于鞭毛顶端,长轴与精子头部细胞核长轴平行;袖套位于核后端,呈筒状,两侧不对称,分布着数量、大小不等的线粒体和囊泡。尾部细长,长26.0～31.5μm,其主要结构是轴丝,轴丝为典型的"9+2"微管结构。活力实验显示,精子活力的最适盐度为27～35,盐度33时精子寿命最长,为27min;最适pH为6.5～8.7,pH8.4时精子运动时间最长,为20min;最适温度为25～31℃,29℃时精子寿命最长,为37min。     

盐度、温度和pH对2种篮子鱼精子活性的影响

选取健康成熟的雄性长鳍篮子鱼(Siganus canaliculatus)和点篮子鱼(Siganus guttatus)亲鱼进行人工采精,设定不同的盐度、温度和p H梯度,观察其对精子活力及激烈运动时间的影响。结果表明:随盐度、温度和p H的升高,2种篮子鱼精子的活力都先增强后减弱;随盐度和p H的升高精子激烈运动时间均先延长后缩短,但随温度的升高,2种篮子鱼精子激烈运动时间都呈现下降的趋势。2种篮子鱼精子的最适盐度范围均为30~35,精子活力和激烈运动都较高。长鳍篮子鱼精子最适温度范围为20~25℃,点篮子鱼精子最适温度范围为25~30℃,在25℃时,2种篮子鱼精子的活力都最高,分别为(90±2.67)%和(95±1.5)%。在p H为7~8范围内,2种篮子鱼精子活力较高,激烈运动时间也相对较长;p H为8时,长鳍篮子鱼和点篮子鱼精子活力都最高,分别为(95±4.67)%和(95±3.67)%,精子激烈运动时间也最长,分别为(44±3.89)s和(34±3.67)s。比较而言,长鳍篮子鱼精子对盐度、温度和p H的耐受性均高于点篮子鱼精子。     

渗透压和钾对鲤、团头鲂精子活力的影响

观察了鲤、团头鲂精子在0～300毫渗氯化钠、氯化钾溶液中的活动。精子活动的最适渗透压可能介于150～200毫渗间;与精浆等渗的渗透压约300毫渗;精子的抑制——激活反应主要与渗透压的高低相关。K~+有延长精子寿命的作用。     

阳离子、葡萄糖及渗透压对丁Gui精子活力的影响

利用KCl、NaCl、CaCl2和葡萄糖配制成不同渗透压的溶液，丁Gui精子在453．0kPa KCl溶液、226．5kPaNaCl溶液和葡萄糖溶液中的活力最强，寿命最长；566．3kPa已完全抑制精子在这3种溶液中的活动。葡萄糖能有效延长精子寿命，表明丁Gui精子具有利用外源性葡萄糖的能力。56．7kPa CaCl2已构成对精子的抑制作用，并引起精子聚集，而且随Ca2^2 浓度增高，对精子的抑制作用和聚集程度更严重。     

不同离子浓度、温度、pH对拉氏(岁)精子活力的影响

为探究拉氏(岁)精子的生理特性和提高拉氏(岁)人工繁殖受精率,探明金属离子浓度、温度、pH等因子变化对拉氏(岁)精子活力的影响.取10尾拉氏(岁)雄亲鱼(体质量80.0～100.0 g,体长10.0～20.0 cm),测定其在不同离子[Na+、K+、Ca2+、葡萄糖、Tris缓冲剂(C4 H11 NO3)]、不同温度[...     

甲基汞对鲤鱼血浆渗透压及鳃丝Na^＋—K^＋—ATPase活性的影响

以水体甲基汞不同浓度（μｇ／Ｌ）分别染毒鲤鱼２４小时和１周。实验结果表明：在浓度高于５０μｇ／Ｌ染毒２４小时和浓度２０μｇ／Ｌ染毒１周时，多数染毒鱼的血浆Ｋ＾＋和Ｍｇ＾２＋浓度增高，Ｎａ＾＋和Ｃｌ＾－浓度下降，ＰＯ４＾３－值变化不明显。血浆Ｃａ＾２＋浓度仅在２００μｇ／Ｌ染毒２４小时和高于４０μｇ／Ｌ染毒１周时，染毒鱼的血浆Ｃａ＾２＋出现极显著下降。甲基汞量高于１００μｇ／Ｌ染毒２４小时和８０μｇ     

阳离子、葡萄糖及渗透压对丁精子活力的影响

利用KCl、NaCl、CaCl2和葡萄糖配制成不同渗透压的溶液,丁鱼岁精子在453 0kPaKCl溶液、226 5kPaNaCl溶液和葡萄糖溶液中的活力最强,寿命最长;566 3kPa已完全抑制精子在这3种溶液中的活动。葡萄糖能有效延长精子寿命,表明丁鱼岁精子具有利用外源性葡萄糖的能力。56 7kPaCaCl2已构成对精子的抑制作用,并引起精子聚集,而且随Ca2+浓度增高,对精子的抑制作用和聚集程度更严重。     

渗透压和钾对日本鳗鲡（Anguilla japonica）精子活力的影响

日本鳗鲡的精子在低子或等于精浆渗透压的溶液不中运动,在一定渗透压范围内,超过精浆渗透压的溶液可激活精子。精子激活或抑制参透压调节,与激活液是否电解质无关。鳗鲡精子在ＫＣｌ溶液中运动的时间较长。     

低pH对鲤鱼血液电解质影响的研究

本通过对鲤鱼血液中K^ ,Ca^2 ,Mg^2 ,Cl^-,PO4^3-等离子浓度的测定,初步探讨了水环境中低pH水平对鲤鱼血液电解质平衡的影响,结果显示,鲤鱼在低pH水平环境条件下,血清中妥质的平衡受到影响,在本试验中,K^ 含量明显高于正常水平,Na^ 的含量明显低于正常值,而对Ca^2 ,Mg^2 的影响无显变化规律。     

温度和pH值对乐清养殖泥蚶蛋白酶的影响

应用分光光度计比色法测定了pH值和温度对乐清养殖泥蚶蛋白酶活性的影响。结果表明：乐清养殖泥蚶蛋白酶的最适pH值为2.6和5．8，最适温度为40℃。     

Cryopreservation of common carp sperm

Experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of five extenders (sucrose, glucose, fructose, KCl and a saline carp sperm extender) and two cryoprotectants (dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO) and methanol) on the cryopreservation of common carp sperm. Freezing of sperm using glucose extender and methanol as cryoprotectant resulted in the highest post-thaw motility, fertilization as well as hatching rates (63 ± 9%, 74 ± 15% and 67 ± 17% vs. 87 ± 5%, 84 ± 14% and 69 ± 14% using fresh sperm, respectively). In general, sugar-based extenders combined with methanol as cryoprotectant yielded higher motility, fertilization and hatching rates than ionic extenders in combination with DMSO. The jelly-like agglutination observed after thawing in samples frozen with sugar-based extenders did not reduce fertilization and hatching rates. Frozen–thawed sperm samples were able to successfully fertilize 10 g (8000) eggs.     

Cryopreservation of sperm of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L.

Milt of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. was cryopreserved in pellet form with the use of 12 extenders. Most efficient were: BE2 original extender (containing 85 mM NaCl, 50 mM KCl, 3 mm CaCl₂, 1 mm MgCl₂ with 10% dimethyl-acetamide (DMA) and 10% addition of hen's egg yolk) and Kurokura et al.'s extender with 15% DMA and 10% yolk (about 73% and 69% of eyed eggs, about 61% and 52% of swim-up larvae, respectively). Within the most effective treatments, survival from the eyed-egg stage to the swim-up stage was similar to that observed in the control group. Survival from the eyed-egg stage to the swim-up stage (percentage of eyed eggs was considered as 100%) was highly significantly and positively correlated with the actual rate of swim-up larvae.     

Effect of dietary l-tryptophan on osmotic stress tolerance in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, juveniles

Common carp juveniles were fed two types of diet (control: 0.1% tryptophan and TRP: 0.6% tryptophan) over 15 days. Thereafter, both groups were directly subjected to osmotic challenge (from 0 to 10 ppt) for 168 h. Blood samples were collected at ?240, 0, 6, 24, 72 and 168 h after challenge. Survival and serum cortisol, glucose, sodium and chloride levels were measured to determine stress response and osmoregulation condition. While TRP group showed no mortality until 168 h, cumulative mortality was near 100% at 72 h after challenge in control group. Feeding tryptophan-supplemented diet led to increase in prechallenge cortisol, but not glucose, sodium and chloride values at ?240 h that stayed elevated until 0 h after challenge. After challenge, cortisol and glucose values did not significantly affected by time of sampling but type of diet and diet × time interaction. Sodium values significantly affected by diet type and time of sampling but not their interaction. Chloride values significantly affected by time of sampling but not diet type and their interaction. Control group had higher cortisol, glucose and sodium than TRP at each time of sampling. Control and TRP group showed increasing and decreasing pattern in cortisol and glucose values when experiment progressed after osmotic challenge. Both group showed increasing pattern in sodium and chloride values when experiment progressed after osmotic challenge. Results indicated that tryptophan supplementation enhanced salt water tolerance of carp that is due to increase in basal cortisol and anti-stress effect of tryptophan and possibly increase in serotonergic activity.     

黑尾近红鲌精子低温保存方法研究与应用

在4℃条件下,以精子活力为指标,研究了不同浓度的Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、葡萄糖、氨基酸等组成的5种(A、B、C、D、E)精子保存液及其适量添加青霉素对黑尾近红鲌(Ancherythroculter nigrocauda)精子活力的影响。结果显示:1)温度为4℃时,精子活力达80%的保存液A、B、C、D、E的保存时间分别为48、24、60、48、48 h,保存液C的保存时间明显高于其它各组;2)在各保存液中分别添加浓度为2.0×104IU/m L的青霉素,精子活力达80%的保存液A、B、C、D、E的保存时间分别为60、36、156、48、144 h,保存时间延长了12~96 h,保存液C和E的延长时间最长,均为96 h;3)人工授精试验证明,经保存的黑尾近红鲌精子能正常用于人工繁殖,受精率达(90.6±0.8)%~(91.8±0.9)%,与对照组精子受精率(92.4±0.8)%无显著差异。添加青霉素,保存液C的保存效果最好,其次是保存液E。     

稀土元素对鲤鱼生产性能和体内代谢的影响

用不同浓度的稀土溶液(400、500、600、700、800 g/m3)浸泡鱼体。通过对鲤鱼生产性能、体成分、饲料消化率、以及稀土在鲤鱼体内蓄积量进行分析,确定稀土的浸泡效果,探讨稀土元素的作用机理。结果表明:用700 g/m3稀土溶液浸泡鱼体,能增加鲤鱼体增重16.1%(P<0.01),提高日粮干物质、蛋白质、脂肪的消化率和钙、铁的利用率,对铜、锌利用率无影响。稀土元素能增强鲤鱼的抗病力,降低鲤鱼的死亡率,特别是对鲤鱼的烂鳃和体表寄生虫病具有很好的防治作用。     

高效氯氰菊酯原粉对鲤血细胞的影响

对鲤肌肉注射不同质量分数的高效氯氰菊酯原粉,研究该农药对鲤血细胞的影响。结果显示:随农药质量分数增大、时间延长,鲤血细胞异形率增大。低质量分数(0.6、6μg/kg)中毒鲤成熟红细胞大小不一,核稍有畸形,淋巴细胞、单核细胞增多,核浆界限不清,有空泡,伴有免疫母细胞增多;而高质量分数(60、600μg/kg)中毒鲤血细胞中除伴有低质量分数中毒症状外,还出现了染色质模糊,部分白细胞核浆界限不清,甚至溶解,退化更明显。红细胞渗透脆性亦随攻毒质量分数增大、作用时间延长而增大。     

The storage of plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) sperm at low temperatures

Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) sperm were deep-frozen at −79°C and −196°C, using the sodium chloride extension medium of Mounib et al. (1968). Hand-stripped semen was diluted 1 : 3 and the sperm were frozen without prior washing by centrifugation. After 315 days storage at −196°C thawed samples from 3 different fish showed strong sperm motility and mean fertilisation and hatching successes of 39 and 20%, compared with 41 and 25% for fresh sperm using eggs from the same female. Sperm stored aat −79°C showed little or no motility on thawing and were incapable of fertilisation.     

温度和pH对异育银鲫消化酶稳定性及其活力的影响

从酶学分析的角度研究温度、pH值对异育银鲫Carassius auratus gibelio消化酶稳定性及其活力的影响.结果显示,蛋白酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶在30～50℃分别保留相对酶活力达82%、87%和90%以上,蛋白酶相对酶活力在pH值6.0～9.2达71%以上,淀粉酶相对酶活力在pH 5.8～9.0达75%以上,纤维素酶在pH值3.6～7.0保留相对酶活力达70%以上,在不同温度条件下,蛋白酶活性顺序为前肠＞后肠＞中肠,淀粉酶活性顺序为中肠＞前肠＞后肠,纤维素酶活性顺序为后肠＞中肠＞前肠.蛋白酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶获得较大活性的部位分别分布在前肠、中肠和后肠,其最适温度分剐为25～30℃、35～40℃和20～25℃.在不同的pH值条件下,蛋白酶活性顺序为中肠＞后肠＞前肠,淀粉酶活性顺序为后肠＞中肠＞前肠,纤维素酶活性顺序为后肠＞前肠＞中肠.蛋白酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶获得较大活性的部位分别分布在中肠、后肠和后肠,其最适pH值分别为7.6～8.4、6.4和3.6～4.8.表明消化酶对热和pH值具有一定的稳定性;蛋白酶、淀粉酶在适宜条件下具有较大酶活力.     

不同温度下精子保存液对黄颡鱼精子活力的影响

以精子的活力为指标,对6种精子保存液在4℃和20~22℃状态下保存黄颡鱼精子的效果进行了比较研究。结果表明:添加了葡萄糖的F保存液效果最好,精子的活力和寿命保持时间最长;在4℃条件下,120h内可保持80%以上活力,寿命持续168h。在黄颡鱼人工繁殖中应用了5种精子保存液进行人工授精,其中4种保存液可替代0.6%生理盐水。     

致病性细菌对鲤和鳊感染研究

用3种鱼类致病性细菌(嗜水气单胞菌、鱼害粘球菌、肠型点状气单胞菌)在不同密度下对鳊和鲤进行人工接种感染和自然感染,在相同时间和相同外部条件(温度、pH)下,鲤的抗病性强于鳊,其总的死亡率比鳊鱼低36.7%;人工感染比自然感染更能迅速使鱼致病,在48 h内,2种鱼人工感染组的死亡率均比自然感染组的死亡率高;受伤鲤比健康鲤更容易染病,其死亡率(66.7%)远远高于健康鱼(40.7%)。鲤和鳊感染同种菌后表现的症状大致相同。