Cleaner Production Information Database''s Building of Chongqing

Cleaner Production must be done to achieve sustainable development. One of the most important things to develop Cleaner Production in Chongqing is to build Cleaner Production Information Database. The database confirms its purpose and function accorded with the situation of Chongqing. Furthermore, this database is designed by Delphi5 in Windows 2000 and proved to run well after debug. It can give service of technological information to Chongqing Cleaner Production.     

Research on grey correlation analysis for cleaner production

The current methods used to select the schemes for Cleaner Production in China have some disadvantages. This paper presents the Grey Correlation Analysis and constructs a new index system for Cleaner Production schemes. The environmental index, the economic index, etc., and technical index, are quantifyed and minimized. Each scheme is compared with the evaluation standard. The optimal scheme which has the largest correlation with the evaluation standard. The result shows that the Grey Correlation Analysis can effectively avoid the subjective bias on the scheme selection for Cleaner Production. Schemes for Cleaner Production selected by the Grey Correlation Analysis have better performance than those selected by the traditional method in terms of economic, environmental and technical indexes.     

种植业清洁生产审核的实践与思考

工业清洁生产审核在我国已日趋完善,但是农业清洁生产审核还未得到应有的重视。2007年,北京农业清洁生产审核试点的开展以及审核验收,标志着农业清洁生产审核时代的到来。本文以北京绿都林科技示范园农业清洁生产审核过程为例,深入仔细的剖析了农业清洁生产审核的意义和未来前景。     

中国农业清洁生产的发展现状及对策分析

农业清洁生产是农业发展的一种新模式,其目的是通过生产和使用清洁能源和原料,改善管理和监控体系,减少农产品生产过程中的各种污染,以满足农业生产的需要。介绍了农业清洁生产的概念及背景意义、农业清洁生产的目标,以美国、欧盟国家和日本为例介绍了国外农业清洁生产的发展现状,从种植业和畜牧业两方面阐述了中国农业清洁生产的发展现状,提出中国农业清洁生产存在的问题：（1）法律法规不完善,政策制定缺乏充分认知和参与;（2）政策扶持力度不够,资金投入不足;（3）清洁生产技术规范不统一、推广机制不完善。最后提出中国农业清洁生产的对策：（1）加大对农业清洁生产的宣传,树立社会公众的清洁生产意识;（2）加强对农业自然资源的合理利用和保护;（3）大力促进农业企业的清洁生产,从更深层解决污染防治问题;（4）加强畜牧业清洁生产工作,调整产业结构;（5）增强农产品安全意识,加大对高品质农产品生产的扶持力度。     

试论茶叶的清洁生产

论述了清洁生产与茶叶清洁生产的概念;分析了茶叶的污染来源及茶叶生产对环境的污染与破坏;提出了实现茶叶清洁生产的主要措施与途径：加强管理,建立茶叶清洁生产知识和技术培训体系;优化茶园生态环境;科学合理施用肥料;茶园病虫害实行综合治理,积极采用生物防治措施,减少使用化学农药;减少茶叶加工中的污染;与无公害茶叶生产相结合。     

AHP and fuzzy mathematical method to assess the potential of cleaner production of electroplating enterprises

In order to investigate the effect of quickly decrease temperature on activated sludge system, with the operation of sequence batch reactor (SBR) and mean DO value at 1.5 mg/L, the sludge volume index (SVI) and pollutants removal effect with quickly decreased and return normal temperature were analyzed. The results show that the SVI increases to activate sludge bulking, and activated sludge sedimentation property worsens when the system temperature quickly decreases from 25℃ to 14℃. The SVI slightly decreases, but it cannot return to normal range when system temperature returns to 25℃. The phosphorus and COD removal effects are slightly affected by quickly decreased temperature, whlle the activated sludge nitrification is severely affected by quickly decreased temperature. with the ammonia removal efficiency decreased to 20%. The activated sludge nitrification can return to normal level when system temperature returns to normal temperature.     

Technological Change and Environmental Policy: The Diffusion of Environmental Technology

As concern for environmental protection is growing within all sectors of society, industrial firms are being forced to become more accountable for their actions. Government policies, in the form of environmental standards, have been designed to reduce the level of toxic pollutants being discharged by firms. In order to comply with these standards, firms must either change the nature of their production processes or employ technologies that reduce the level of effluent being discharged. This paper investigates the role of environmental policy in driving firms to adopt pollution control technologies. The policy addressed is the Province of Ontario's Municipal Industrial Strategy for Abatement (MISA) which seeks to compel firms to reduce discharges of industrial effluent through the application of the “Best Available Technology Economically Achievable.” The impact of this policy instrument on the adoption of pollution control technology in the Ontario organic chemical industry is examined. The analysis is based on interviews with firms in the chemical industry which reveal that environmental policy has played a central role in inducing firms to adopt pollution control technologies. The paper draws on literature about technology diffusion, especially the relationship between suppliers and users of technology, and examines the process through which environmental technology is transferred to regulated firms. The relationship between the suppliers and users of technology is strong, especially between the large multinational users and smaller independent domestic technology suppliers.     

农业清洁生产现状及对策研究

农业清洁生产作为21世纪农业发展的新模式已被全世界所认同,并且在各国得到广泛推广。但这一理念在中国的深入推广过程中还存在着一些问题,如农田污染日益严重;农业清洁生产立法缺乏;政府鼓励性政策不足;农民认识不深等,试从农业清洁生产定义入手,结合国外先进经验,并针对中国农业清洁生产中存在的这些问题提出建议,其关键在于完善农业法规政策,建立评价体系,加强宣传与科研并建立产业化经营模式。     

纳米SiO2改性PVDC涂膜材料的制备及其对鸡蛋保鲜效果的研究

通过不同量的纳米SiO_2改性PVDC涂膜材料,以期提高PVDC涂膜材料对清洁鸡蛋的涂膜保鲜效果,延长鸡蛋货架期。结果表明,纳米SiO_2可以稳定地填充于PVDC涂膜材料的分子空隙中,提高PVDC成膜致密度;表现为显著降低PVDC涂膜液的黏度及提高其成膜阻湿性和成膜机械性能(P<0.05);另外,当纳米SiO_2添加量为0.10%时,对PVDC材料有最适的改性效果,并且可以显著抑制清洁鸡蛋在贮藏过程中质量损失及微生物的生长(P<0.05),保持鸡蛋的新鲜度。综上所述,纳米SiO_2改性PVDC涂膜材料是一种良好的清洁鸡蛋涂膜保鲜包装新材料,可延长清洁鸡蛋保质期至7周。     

Rearch on Management Model of Make-to-order and Discrete-production Enterprise Based on ERP

By analyzing the feature of make-to-order and discrete-production model, the article gives a model of the enterprise resource mamegement with advanced thoughts and methods of management, such as OPT (Optimized Production Technology) and PM (Project Management).And constructs a model of a new enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, which is suitable to this kind of enterprise.     

Social movements,environment, and technology in Indonesia’s pulp and paper industry

This paper examines community, environmental, and human rights activists’ influence on adoption of environmentally-friendly technologies in Indonesia’s pulp and paper industry. The story begins with conflict over the development of an export pulp mill in North Sumatra in the 1980s and continues with the adoption of environmental technologies in Indonesia’s pulp and paper industry in the 1990s. Organising around a number of specific events associated with pulp industry development, activists drew attention to the industry which led to a strengthening of government environmental regulation and enforcement, and hastened the adoption of cleaner production technologies.     

农民农业清洁生产技术采纳的补偿意愿实证研究——以贵州省黔东南州农户调查为例

摘 要：本研究以贵州省黔东南州苗族侗族自治州农户调查为例,开展农户农业清洁生产技术采纳的补偿意愿实证研究。研究采用意愿价值评估法,在假设政府提供补偿的前提下进行农户问卷调查,对于农业清洁生产技术补偿机制的一些理论和实践问题做了初步探索。首先,分析了农户对于使用专用肥、秸秆还田及修建化粪池等三类清洁技术的采纳意愿;其次,明确了农户愿意接受的现金和实物两种补偿方式;第三,简单估算了农户采纳三类清洁技术希望获得的补偿标准;最后,调查了农户对于政府可能采取的推进清洁技术发展的配套政策的偏好程度。     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
Linnert, Gertrud, Lehrbuch der Allegmeinen Cytogenetik.
Shahidi, Fereidoon (ed.), Canola and Rapeseed. Production, Chemistry, Nutrition and Processing Technology.
Gupta, P. K., and T. Tsuchiya (eds.), Chromosome Engineering in Plants: Genetics, Breeding, Evolution, Part A.
Fendrik, I., und J. Bors, Stralenschäden an pflanzen. Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten, Band 1: Die nichtparasitären Krankheiten. 6.     

河北省无公害果品基地土壤重金属含量分析及土壤环境评价研究

摘要：本文在河北省选取12个县的无公害果品产地作为土样采集点,分析土壤中重金属Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cd的含量及其污染状况,利用SPSS软件分析重金属元素间的相关性;以《土壤环境质量标准》GB15168—1995二级标准为评价标准,采用单项污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法相结合的方法,对研究区土壤环境质量进行评价。结果表明：河北省无公害果品生产基地土壤污染综合评价值范围在0.085～0.991之间,等级范围在Ⅰ～Ⅲ级之间,其中８个县评价等级为Ⅰ级;１个县为Ⅱ级;３个县为Ⅲ级,各重金属之间除Pb与Cd在0.05水平下呈显著负相关性,其它重金属元素之间没有显著相关性。研究区土壤重金属综合污染评价状况为安全级,土壤中重金属元素含量状况可以满足无公害食品生产基地的建设要求。     

台湾畜牧业污染的防治策略与借鉴

台湾主要通过加强畜牧场减废与资源再利用、推广畜牧业养殖污染防治技术和加强畜牧业污染防治管理等对策和畜牧业水污染防治、空气污染管制、废弃物清理、资源回收再利用的环保法令防治畜牧业污染的。借鉴其畜牧业污染防治对策和立法管理经验,从加大财政环保投入、加强清洁生产科学研究、健全污染防治立法、适度限制畜禽养殖场所与规模等方面提出促进大陆畜牧业污染防治的对策建议。     

利用海带渣制备乙醇的可行性分析及高效水解技术的研究

利用生物质制取燃料乙醇越来越受到重视,组成复杂的生物质高效降解是发酵生产乙醇的关键技术。为利用海带渣制备燃料乙醇,从海带渣的原料组分入手,分析利用海带渣制备燃料乙醇的可行性,并研究海带渣的单因素水解及复合水解技术。结果表明,利用海带渣制备燃料乙醇是可行的;单独使用超高压技术并不能使海带渣多糖降解,而超高压酸解-酶解联合水解为最佳水解方案,在最优工艺条件下海带渣多糖的水解率可高达85.16%。     

宝鸡市城郊农田土壤重金属污染风险评估

为了揭示城市化和工业化等人为活动对土壤环境质量的影响,选择宝鸡市城郊结合部为研究区域,对土壤样品Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd和Cr 等5种重金属进行了测定;采用单因子污染指数、综合污染指数法、地积累指数、内梅罗指数和H?kanson潜在生态危害指数对土壤重金属污染状况进行评价,同时运用潜在生态危害指数法分析研究了土壤重金属的潜在生态风险程度。结果表明：研究区域土壤中的5种重金属中除Cd的平均累计含量已超过国家土壤环境质量标准GB15618-2008中的二级标准外,其它4种重金属元素的平均累计含量均未超过国家二级标准;内梅罗综合评价结果表明宝鸡城郊农田土壤大多数采样点重金属污染处于尚清洁水平,S3和S5点处轻度污染,S7点中度污染,S6点为重污染;地积累指数评价结果,5种重金属的污染顺序为Cd≥Cu≥Pb≥Zn≥Cr;5种重金属中Cd是生态风险最大,单个潜在生态危害程度为Cd＞Cu≥Pb≥Cr≥Zn;综合潜在生态危害评价显示,在S6和S7处综合为强生态危害,S3、S5和S10处中等生态危害,其余采样点处为轻微生态危害。源解析研究表明研究区域土壤中的Pb、Cu、Cr和Zn来为同一污染源,而Cd为另外某一污染源。     

分子标记技术在棉花品种鉴定上的研究进展

 DNA指纹技术的发展大体分为三个阶段：第一代的分子标记是以Southern杂交为基础的RFLP,第二代分子标记是以PCR为基础的各种DNA指纹标记,第三代分子标记是以单核苷酸多态性为基础的SNP。本文概述了品种鉴定技术的研究与应用进展,重点介绍了用于棉花品种鉴定的四种主要的分子标记技术：RFLP、RAPD、AFLP和SSR,对每一种分子标记的技术原理、在棉花品种鉴定上的应用研究状况及存在的优缺点进行了具体阐述。通过比较分析,提出了SSR标记适用于棉花品种鉴定的独特优越性。并对基于SSR分子标记技术构建我国棉花品种DNA指纹库的重要意义与必要性进行了分析。     

山西省生态经济发展问题及对策刍议

山西省处于中国中西部内陆区,具有良好的区位优势和资源优势,但由于长期以来不合理的开发和利用,出现生态环境脆弱、水资源匮乏、环境污染严重、经济结构不合理等,形成生态经济运行过程中资源优势与经济发展的不相一致,制约了可持续发展体系的形成。针对这一现实问题,提出了促进山西省生态改良、实现生态经济系统良性循环的主要对策,即：调整产业结构、发展生态农业和旅游业、实施清洁生产等。     

农作物气体污染田间现场鉴定技术

农作物受气体污染危害经常发生,规范的田间现场技术鉴定是科学、客观、公平、公正实施鉴定的基础。本文介绍了田间现场技术鉴定常见内容,提出了现场核查、调查走访、勘察事故现场、观察植株症状、鉴别确认污染物、农作物污染程度分级分类、农作物产量损失测评等田间鉴定的程序、方法、技术。