Should State and Local Government Bidding for Big Businesses Be More Like eBay?

During recent decades, and especially after the economic downturn that began in the late 2000s, many U.S. state and local governments have intensified their pro‐growth efforts to promote corporate investment and jobs, including ever higher incentives (such as tax breaks and grants) in their bidding wars for big businesses. This paper draws an analogy—between bidding for big businesses and bidding on eBay—to highlight the drawbacks of high‐profile bidding wars among governments given that the large corporations establish the bidding rules in their favor. The main consideration raised is whether state and local government bidding for big businesses, which operates analogously to an auction, should be more like eBay, whose rules are fair not only for sellers but also for bidders.     

Investigation on the Theory and Means of Construction Tendering and Bidding in the Period of Economy Transition

The tendering and bidding of engineering construction is a means, which makes use of the function of market mechanism to carry on or transmit the project.It has a history over one hundred years abroad, but it is used in China with great force only twenty years.Because actualizing construction tendering and bidding goes with the reform of market mechanism, the fashion of construction tendering and bidding in China is different from that customarily used internationally and there are many differences in means and procedures.In this paper, beginning with the theory of tendering and bidding, the premises of the first-price-sealed tendering and the current condition of China are compared and the means and development objects of tendering in the period of national economy transition are discussed.Finally, some problems and strategies to the problems of the mold of tendering of bill quantity of construction works are discussed.     

土地违法对经济增长的影响研究分析

本文基于土地违法投入对经济增长的作用机理,通过实证研究分析了中国1999-2006年土地违法投入对经济增长的影响及贡献。研究结果：土地违法投入由于其获取方式和途径等不同对社会经济产生不同于合法土地投入的效应,因而产生了不同于合法土地投入对经济增长的贡献。从短期看,违法土地投入对经济增长的产出弹性远远小于合法土地投入,从长期看,违法土地投入不利于土地的合理投入和集约利用,对经济增长并不能产生正的贡献。因此,政府应该从多方面措施入手,最大程度地遏制土地违法现象的发生。     

全球金融危机中的我国金融业及农业风险分析*

摘要：产业结构的变动是国民经济发展的重要特征,投入产出模型是检验经济中各产业的相互联系,进而分析一个国家或地区的宏观经济运行情况的一种经济数量分析方法。面对全球金融危机,本文运用投入产出表对金融产业与其他产业结构进行关联分析是深刻揭示金融产业结构内在机理的重要方法。本文选用了中间投入率、影响力系数、感应力系数三个指标来分析在全球金融危机中,北京、上海金融业的发展问题。研究发现,金融危机对于中国经济产业的直接冲击不会太大,但是对北京、上海的冲击可能是相对严重的。当前需要注意截断房地产开发业金融业的强烈作用,同时维护农业的发展。关键词：金融危机,投入产出;中间投入率,中国;北京;上海     

Method of Gradual Advance for Town Development

The economical construction and development of China can't be separated from the development of rural economy.Due to appearance and development of rural enterprises,surplus labor force of rural areas was accepted, agricultural economy had been developed and farmers' income enhanced. The traditional agriculture had been reconstructed. The construction and development of small cities and towns are connected with the development of rural economy and accelerate the development of city economy. The construction of small cities and towns can have congregation effect and scale benefit. The industry structure of country will be optimized in whole, management cost will be cut down, energy consumption will be reduced, pollution will be lowered and labor productivity will be increased. In this paper, the importance of town construction in economic development of China is elaborated. The achievement and problem in town construction are summarized. A method of gradual advance for town development is put forward and the problems that must be handled in town development are pointed out.     

中国都市型农业发展研究

都市型农业是现代农业在大城市的表现方式。它是大城市郊区农村经济新的增长点,是未来城市可持续发展的润滑剂,是传承农业文化的有效载体。当前,中国各地都市型农业竞相发展、各具千秋。从时间发展序列看,中国都市型农业的发展分为三个时期、五个阶段。从未来发展趋势看,都市农业辐射能力逐步增强,将在全国形成多个都市农业区域经济圈;都市农产品个性日益突出,市场消费高端化;都市农业地域特色明显,文化内涵逐渐丰富。     

Rural–urban transition in China: illegal land use and construction

This paper takes issue with the desakota model developed by Terry McGee by elucidating the illegal land use and construction in the rural–urban transition zone in China, with the additional case study of Tianhe Village in Guangzhou City. The paper emphasises the need to examine the geography of illegal activities along the approach of geographies of difference. It has shown that illegal land use and construction is prevalent in rural China. In rural areas where cultivated land has been converted to non‐agricultural purposes, peasants are left with no alternative but to use land and construct buildings illegally. Some have increased their income by leasing out flats to migrant workers, whereas others have not been able to do this. This study has revealed that underneath the positive and integrative picture portrayed by the desakota model is its negative and disintegrative counterpart. Illegal land use and construction is one such example. Unless we incorporate both into our studies, we will not be able to comprehend the urban morphology of Chinese city regions in the new millennium.     

Short-and Long-Term Effects of the Construction Industry on the Economy Growth

The construction industry could be developed as a pillar industry of the national economy,since it has a strong pulling role in economic growth.However,little definite empirical evidence supports this argument.Using co-integration and Granger causality tests and error-correction model with taking Sichuan for an example,this article studies both short-term and long-term effects of the construction industry on the economy growth.Empirical tests show that in the long term the economy maintained equilibrium relations with the construction industry.A growth in the construction industry will lead to the economic growth;however the pulling role of the construction industry on the economy is limited.A growth in the construction industry will not predict economic growth in the short run.Thus,for Sichuan case the government is unable to stimulate the economy by focusing on development of the construction industry in the short run.Instead,in order to promote long-term development of the national economy it could implement stable and healthy development policies for the construction industry.     

中国海洋产业结构的系统分析与海洋渔业的可持续发展

2005年中国海洋产业总产值已达全国GDP的9.3%,海洋产业增加值已达全国GDP的4.0%。此文应用灰色关联分析剖析了2001—2005年间中国海洋产业结构中的主导产业,其顺序为旅游业、渔业、交通运输业等;应用主成分分析揭示了2004年沿海诸省海洋经济综合实力在全国的地位,前3名是：上海、天津、广东;应用区位熵分析确定了2004年沿海诸省的优势海洋产业,如：上海的优势产业有：交通运输业、旅游业、船舶业。根据上述分析,中国海洋渔业的发展趋势是：2005—2020年间近海鱼类捕获量继续保持零增长,海水养殖量年均增长3.7%,远洋捕捞量年均增长6.4%。     

中国热带花卉产业现状和发展对策

(1 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南儋州 571737; 2 华南热带农业大学基础学院,海南儋州 571737)     

On the Non-price Bottom Bidding System under the Mode of Valuation with Bill Quality of Construction Works

It is the direction of the project bidding system reform to apply the non-price bottom bidding system under the mode of valuation with bill quality of construction works in China. In this paper, the significance of implementing the non-price bottom bidding system is analyzed and emphasis is put on the workout of the non-price bottom bidding, valuation and so on. The risk prevention and risk management are studied on the side of tenderee from the qualification examination, engineering guarantee, defending system and so on.     

中国三大区域农业经济结构的现状及其未来走向

2003年中国农业经济结构的现状是:GDP为117251.9亿元（当年价）,一、二、三产业之比14.6:52.2:33.2;农林牧渔业产值为16997.2亿元（1990年不变价）,农、林、牧、渔业产值之比48.6:5.0:33.8:12.6;作物总播种面积为152414.9千hm2,粮作、经作、其他面积之比65.2:16.2:18.6。根据三大区域农业经济结构的现状及其水资源禀赋条件的差异,分析了结构调整的近期走向:在2010年前后,东、中、西部GDP年增长率将分别为8.2%、7.1%、6.8%;农林牧渔业产值年增长率分别为4.6%、4.3%、5.7%;作物总播种面积年增长率极小。     

广西木薯产业化发展对策

木薯是广西一种重要的经济作物,其用途很广,经济价值较高,特别是中国加入WTO后,蔗糖业生产遭受巨大冲击的情况下,木薯生产将成为广西重要的支柱产业,成为广西经济发展的新的增长点。广西气候、土壤适于木薯生长,木薯生产具有明显的自然优势,木薯耐旱耐瘠,生产成本相对较低,广西木薯年种植面积23~28万hm2,占全国木薯种植总面积的60%,然而,广西木薯产业化发展也有一些问题有待解决,主要是加工业发展滞后,木薯品种单一、老化,生产布局不甚合理、栽培管理粗放等;因此,广西木薯产业化发展必须大力发展木薯加工业,特别是深加工业,提高木薯生产的经济效益,选育、推广高产高粉木薯良种,改进木薯栽培技术,建立健全木薯种植、加工标准化技术体系,科学处理木薯加工“三废”,解决环境污染问题。     

庭园园艺——城市市区发展都市农业的最佳模式

庭园园艺经济是都市农业重要、不可少的一部分,特别是城市市区发展都市农业的最好模式,目前我国还普遍没有认识到这一点。经过对美国、德国、荷兰等一些国家庭园园艺业的考察以及查阅有关文献、资料,阐述了在城市市区如何发展庭园园艺业,及其可以带来的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益。同时建议政府把发展庭园园艺经济融入到都市农业规划中。     

Building Mode of Informationization in Manufacturing Enterprises on Condition of Chongqing Industrial Cluster

Chongqing, the old industry base of China, whose main economic support is mass manufacturing that make up of traditional industries such as mechanism, enginery and metallurgy. This mass has come into being middle system organizations whose core is some big firms like Changan and Jialing, in addition, many related kit factories act as branches. These organizations have agility operation and high efficiency, but there are problems because of technology asymmetry which leads to low efficiency of the industry gathers supply chain when facing high informationization market cornpetition. By analyzing the character and deficiency of the Chongqing manufacturing industry gathers, through providing a framework of information service platform to enhance the mid-rain enterprises innovation capability and complex competition. Research on building method and operation method of enterprises informationization platform has been done successfully.     

The Probability Risk Analysis of Bidding and Pricing for the Use of Land

In this paper by the probability method the effect of the undefinite indexes and the risk indexes on interior revenue rate(IRR) the main economic evaluation index in bidding and pricing of the use of land, is researched. The risk of the item is appreciated and the basis of bidding and pricing for the use of land is acquired. An example is presented.     

Measurements to Protect Owners'' Benefits under the Non-price Bottom Bidding

Investment on construction projects has become an important factor in improving the development of economy in China.The non-price bottom bidding is a representation that the investment on projects is becoming standardized.During the years of trying out the non-price bottom bidding,the colluding in bidding or bidding below the cost has happened several times,which have damaged the benefits of owners.To solve theses problems,this paper firstly studies the reason of these problems-the failure in the normal relationship between principal and agent.Then,some measures have been presented as follows: building systematic and scientific system of qualification prejudication,judging behaviors of colluding in bidding and bidding below the cost with reason and providing a surety mechanism of the project.The authors hope that these measures are beneficial to non-price bottom bidding.     

Something New or More of the Same in the Bidding Wars for Big Business?

The economic downturn that began in 2007–2008 was blamed by some commentators on neoliberalism and pro‐business policies. So we might expect U.S. state and local governments to have responded with policy changes affecting their neoliberal economic development strategies. Based on this assumption, this paper is a theoretically informed examination of recent high‐profile bidding wars in Wisconsin. The highest profile example was in 2009 when General Motors chose a plant in Michigan over Wisconsin and Tennessee for a new small car line. Wisconsin's Commerce Secretary characterized Michigan's $1.2 billion incentive offer as “absolutely crazy” (compared with his state's $409 million offer!). My main research question is how have Wisconsin state and local governments adjusted their neoliberal economic development efforts in these bidding wars given the recent economic downturn and weak economy? This paper uses the largest incentive offers in Wisconsin during the tenure of the current and previous state governors within the context of ten themes drawn from the literature to problematize the neoliberal policy of bidding for big business. It concludes by considering the implications for economic development policies.     

鱼类食性的基因调控与遗传改良研究进展

食性是影响鱼类生长的重要性状,也是鱼类遗传改良研究中的一个重要内容;食性受多种因素调控,不仅与内在的遗传和生理因素如食欲、消化道结构有关,还与外在的饵料性质如蛋白来源、饲料适口性等有关;其中,相关基因的遗传调控是食性的主要决定因素。通过改良鱼类的食性,促使依赖冰鲜投喂或依赖活鱼饵料的养殖品种接受人工饲料,可扩大鱼类尤其是肉食性鱼类养殖产业的规模,提高养殖产业的经济效益。本文从鱼类食性的基因调控和改良研究方面进行综述,结合食性相关基因的多态性和人工饲料蛋白源等方面研究,以期为进行鱼类食性的遗传改良的研究提供帮助。