四君子汤和补中益气汤对雏鸡免疫功能的影响

探究四君子汤和补中益气汤对雏鸡免疫功能的影响。试验选取1日龄健康雏鸡150只,饲喂全价饲料,随机分为3组,每组50只。对照组雏鸡每天灌服纯化水0.4 m L/kg,四君子汤组雏鸡每天灌服四君子汤0.4 mL/kg,补中益气汤组雏鸡每天灌服补中益气汤0.4 mL/kg,连续给药3 d。在给药结束的第7天、14天、21天、28天,采集血液并分离血清,测定雏鸡血清中IgG、IgA、IgM、IL-1β、IL-2的含量。结果显示,雏鸡应用四君子汤或补中益气汤后,血清中IgG、IgM、IgA、IL-1β、IL-2的含量均显著升高(P<0.05)。表明四君子汤和补中益气汤可以显著提高雏鸡的免疫功能。     

补中益气汤对雏鸡免疫功能的影响

机体免疫分为体液免疫和细胞免疫,为了验证补中益气汤对雏鸡免疫调节功能的影响,本试验将分为高、中、低3个剂量,连续给药7d,在末次给药的同时用ND—IV系苗免疫,同时设无佐剂组和空白非免疫组,分别于免疫后第7、14、21、28d采血,分别用微量法和MTT法测定血清ND—HI抗体效价和外周血T淋巴细胞增殖的动态变化。结果表明,补中益气汤能显著加快血清抗体产生、提高血清抗体效价和促进外周血T淋巴细胞增殖,在多数时间点的效果显著,以2．0g／羽份效果显著。     

中药四君子汤对肉鸡新城疫疫苗免疫效果的影响

将中药四君子汤提取液和灭活鸡新城疫抗原混合成水相,制备成肉鸡新城疫灭活油乳剂疫苗注射实验肉鸡,研究引起的免疫反应。实验结果表明:中药四君子汤能显著提高肉鸡新城疫抗体效价(P<0.05),其中以疫苗Ⅳ组(四君子汤提取液含量为14%)效果最佳,与疫苗Ⅴ(左旋咪唑含量为0.5%)存在显著差异(P<0.05);疫苗Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组均能显著提高血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(P<0.05),其中以Ⅳ组效果最好,Ⅳ组与其他4个组均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。     

对雏鸡要科学地进行新城疫免疫

鸡新城疫是由病毒引起的高度接触性传染病,对养鸡生产危害很大,被国家列为二类传染病。为扑灭鸡新城疫,当前应采取以免疫为主的综合性防治措施。免疫就是给鸡接种新城疫疫苗,使其产生抗体,使鸡对新城疫病由易感变成非易感。目前各地对雏鸡免疫程序要求不一,收效也大不一样。我意不管用什么办法免疫,首先要注意其科学性,同时也要注意到可能性。鸡在什么时间搞新城疫接种,主要看鸡体内新城疫抗体消长状况。当成鸡体内新城疫抗体效价降至1∶8,雏鸡     

芪蓝四君子汤对雏鸡部分免疫指标的影响

选用370只1日龄雏鸡,随机分成5组,Ⅰ～Ⅲ组在新城疫(ND)La Sota系冻干苗免疫时分别按低(0.125 g/mL)、中(0.25 g/mL)、高(0.5 g/mL)的3个浓度灌服芪蓝四君子汤1 mL,连续10 d。Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组分别为免疫对照组和非免疫对照组。各组分别于20、30、40、50、60日龄采血测定新城疫血凝抑制(HI)抗体水平,随后剖杀计算胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊的器官指数;并于21、35、49日龄时用碳粒廓清试验测定外周血巨噬细胞的吞噬功能。试验结果表明,高剂量芪蓝四君子汤能显著提高新城疫HI抗体效价(P0.01)和免疫器官指数(P0.05),促进外周血巨噬细胞的吞噬功能(P0.01)。中,低剂量的芪蓝四君子汤对抗体、免疫器官指数、外周血巨噬细胞的吞噬功能均有不同程度的增强作用。芪蓝四君子汤能有效提高雏鸡的特异性免疫以及非特异性免疫功能。     

野菊花多糖对雏鸡新城疫疫苗免疫效果影响的研究

试验旨在研究野菊花多糖对雏鸡血清新城疫抗体水平的影响.将500只7日龄雏鸡滴鼻接种新城疫活疫苗,随机分为5个试验组,每组10个重复,每个重复10只鸡.1～4组(CP-1、CP-5、CP-10、CP-20)雏鸡分别颈部皮下注射1、5、10 mg/mL和20 mg/mL野菊花多糖0.5 mL,每日1次,连续3d.5组为空白组,用生理盐水进行注射.28日龄,各组雏鸡二次接种新城疫油疫苗,同时按照7日龄时的处理方式给雏鸡注射野菊花多糖和生理盐水.在第1次接种后的0、7、14、21、28、35、42、49、56 d和63 d,每组随机选择20只鸡(每重复2只)进行心脏采血并制备血清,用以分析血清新城疫抗体滴度.结果表明,与对照组相比,第一次接种疫苗14d后,CP-5、CP-10组和CP-20组雏鸡新城疫抗体滴度均显著提高(P≤0.05),CP-1组雏鸡新城疫抗体滴度在接种后21 d显著提高(P≤0.05).另外,试验发现随着野菊花多糖剂量的增加,各试验组雏鸡新城疫抗体水平均显著提高(P≤0.05),当注射浓度超过10 mg/mL时,这种促进作用不再随浓度的增加而显著提高(P>0.05).由此可见,野菊花多糖能够促使雏鸡较早产生特异性抗体并使之维持更长时间,提高疫苗的免疫效果,最佳使用浓度为10 mg/mL.     

免疫雏鸡暴发新城疫的诊断

1987年5月,四川凉山冕宁县一专业户喂养的一千多只30—35日龄雏鸡,经Ⅱ系苗饮水二免后4—10天,大批发病死亡。通过现场调查并采集80份材料,经病理、细菌学检查、病毒的分离和鉴定,确诊为鸡新城疫,报告如下。一、流行情况1986年该县有两个养     

疫尅灵与新城疫活疫苗（LaSota株）诱导雏鸡黏膜免疫的对比试验

新城疫病毒是副黏病毒,对鸡的黏膜有特殊的亲嗜性,极易经呼吸道和消化道感染,利用弱毒疫苗的局部免疫作用封锁新城疫强毒的入侵门户,是防制新城疫的重要措施。本试验利用疫尅灵与新城疫活疫苗（LaSota株）分别免疫SPF鸡雏,于免疫后不同时间检测免疫鸡雏泪液中的IgA,发现疫尅灵免疫组均高于LaSota株免疫组和对照组,说明疫尅灵在新城疫免疫上具高的诱导黏膜免疫能力。     

新城疫H120、C30、C30+油剂苗疫苗免疫大法肉鸡免疫效果

鸡新城疫(ND)是一种急性、高度接触性传染病,是危害我国养鸡业最严重的烈性传染病之一。用H120、C30疫苗、C30 油剂苗对广西大法鸡进行新城疫免疫,经过一定免疫期,采血,分离血清样品,用β-微量血凝抑制试验检测其抗体效价。其结果显示：用C30 油剂苗,在同一批次、同一段时间内新城疫抗体水平最高,其免疫效果最好。     

缓释复方免疫增强剂对鸡新城疫疫苗免疫增强效果研究

将40只10日龄海兰褐蛋雏鸡，随机分成试验组和对照组，每组20只，分别皮下注射ND-La Sota弱毒疫苗0．2ml／只。同时给试验组雏鸡投服缓释复方免疫增强剂1粒／只，对照组不投服。在免疫前、免疫后10、20、30和40d，每组随机取10只鸡采血，测定ND-HI抗体效价、T淋巴细胞ERFC形成率和ANAE阳性率。结果免疫后10、20、30、40d，试验组与对照组比较，鸡ND-HI抗体效价、T淋巴细胞ERFC形成率和ANAE阳性率差异极显著（P〈0．01）或显著（P〈0．05），三项指标具有相同的消涨趋势，表明缓释复方免疫增强剂可以提高鸡的体液免疫功能和细胞免疫功能。     

四君子汤对脾虚大鼠胃肠运动功能和胃肠激素影响

为研究四君子汤对脾虚大鼠胃肠运动和胃肠激素含量影响,用营养性半固体糊灌胃法测定大鼠胃排空率和肠推进率,采集胃窦基础电位信号,ELISA法测定胃肠组织中CCK、MTL蛋白水平。结果显示,与对照组比,脾虚组胃排空率下降,肠推进率上升,胃电振幅和频率均降低;胃窦内CCK明显升高(P0.05),十二指肠和空肠内CCK显著降低(P0.05);MTL在脾虚大鼠消化道内呈整体降低趋势,仅在空肠内极显著降低(P0.01)。与脾虚组比,治疗组胃排空率升高,肠推进率下降,胃电振幅和频率均回升;胃窦内CCK明显降低(P0.05),十二指肠和空肠内CCK显著升高(P0.05);消化道内MTL含量整体回升。由此可见,四君子汤可以平衡紊乱的胃肌电活动,调节脾虚大鼠的胃肠运动,调节消化道内局部CCK和MTL含量。     

Effect of lipopolysaccharide on intranasal administration of liposomal Newcastle disease virus vaccine to SPF chickens

In order to potentiate the low immunogenicity of the inactivated Newcastle disease virus immunized into chickens by mucosal route, liposomes as a drug delivery system and LPS (lipopolysaccharide) as an immuno-stimulator were evaluated. Here, we report a new nasal delivery system of inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine. The intranasal vaccine was based on different lipids to form MLV (multi-lamellar vehicles) liposomes. The liposomes had combined carrier and adjuvant activities, which induced strong systemic (serum) and local (lung and nasal) humoral responses in SPF (specific-pathogen-free) chickens, and provided protective immunity. PC-Lip (phosphatidylcholine-liposome) elicited significant mucosal secretary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) levels (p < 0.05) in tracheal lavage fluid and serum IgG levels (p < 0.05). In response to virulent viral challenge, birds treated with PBS (phosphate buffered saline) as control group died, whereas 80% of chickens which received PC-Lip, PC-Lip-LPS, PS-Lip (phosphatidylserine-liposome), and PS-Lip-LPS survived. HAI titers were 1:2560 in the PS-Lip-LPS group and 1:1280 in the PC-Lip, PC-Lip-LPS, and PS-Lip groups after two vaccinations. The results suggest that PC-Lip or PS-Lip might thus be suitable as a potential adjuvant for mucosal vaccination against NDV in chickens.     

Comparison of flagellin and an oil-emulsion adjuvant in inactivated Newcastle disease vaccine in stimulation of immunogenic parameters

The present study was designed to investigate the potential application of native (N) and recombinant (truncated modified [tmFliC] and full-length [flFliC]) flagellin proteins along with inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Fifty six SPF chickens were immunized twice with PBS (control), inactivated NDV (Ag), inactivated NDV/flFliC (AgF), inactivated NDV/tmFliC (AgT), inactivated NDV/N (AgN), commercial vaccine containing Montanide (Vac) and Vac/N (VacN), with a two-week interval. Blood was collected weekly and spleens were harvested after chickens were sacrificed. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF-α) gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed by Real-Time PCR. Antibody response was assessed by haemagglutination inhibition (HI). Cellular activity was quantified by MTT assay. Results showed that the most IL-6 and TNF-α gene expression was observed in AgF group (P < 0.01). The lowest gene expression among vaccinated groups was observed in Ag group for IL-6 and Ag and Vac group for TNF-α. The highest HI titer was observed in Vac, VacN, AgF and AgT groups. The AgF group showed the highest cellular activity (P < 0.01). In conclusion, flagellin-adjuvanted groups showed a pro-inflammatory effect and acted similarly to or better than the Vac group. Hence, flagellin can be proposed as a potential adjuvant for ND vaccine.     

新城疫浓缩灭活疫苗的初步研究

以10^3.0、10^4.0、10^5.0 EID503个不同剂量接种非免疫鸡胚,收获鸡胚液,病毒含量测定结果显示,以10^3.0-10^4.0～EID50剂量接种的鸡胚收获的抗原含量高。用该优化方法繁殖了一批新城疫抗原,采用截留分子量为100kD的浓缩滤膜对新城疫抗原进行浓缩,对不同浓缩倍数的新城疫抗原制备疫苗进行了免疫效力试验。结果表明,以新城疫3倍浓缩抗原制备疫苗,以5μL剂量（现有相关产品效力检验的1／4剂量）免疫SPF鸡,即可达到现有同类产品的效力检验质量标准,高抗体水平至少可以维持35d。本研究为进一步研制新城疫灭活浓缩疫苗用于低剂量免疫肉鸡提供了基础。     

法氏囊提取液对新城疫活疫苗免疫效力的影响

本文对鸡法氏囊提取液与ND活疫苗的使用方法进行了分析。通过血凝抑制抗体滴度的测定结果表明,预先接种鸡法氏囊提取液时,经肌肉注射、口服和点眼滴鼻接种方式均能提高ND疫苗免疫鸡的抗体产生能力,且经肌肉注射法最佳。但是,在整个试验期间,法氏囊提取液只能增强鸡群对ND活疫苗的早期免疫应答,而法氏囊提取液与ND活疫苗同时使用时更能刺激免疫鸡群的早期抗体产生水平。     

Oral vaccination of chickens against Newcastle disease with I-2 vaccine coated on oiled rice

Antibody response produced by Newcastle disease virus (NDV, strain I-2) when given orally through oiled rice to chickens was determined. Serum samples were collected before and at a weekly interval for 28 days after vaccination and tested for haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody to NDV. The results showed 7 days after vaccination HI antibody titre log₂ was 3.8. Moreover, 14 and 28 days after vaccination HI antibody titre log₂ reached 6.5 and 8.0, respectively. All unvaccinated chickens were negative to NDV antibody throughout the study. Significant finding from the present study is that 7 days after vaccination chickens had produced protective antibody against NDV; this is in contrast to previous studies. Therefore, I-2 vaccine coated on the oiled rice is efficacious as it protects chickens from challenge with NDV. Wambura, P. N., 2008. Oral vaccination of chickens against Newcastle disease with I-2 vaccine coated on oiled rice. Tropical Animal Health and Production.