三系杂交水福制种花期不遇的原因及对策

父母本花期相遇是三系杂交水稻制种高产的关键。重点分析了影响杂交水稻制种花期不遇的主要因素,根据多年制种实践总结了三系杂交水稻制种花期相遇不理想的主要调节技术。     

玉米制种花期预测及调控技术

在杂交玉米制种中,父母本能否协调生长,达到花期相遇良好,这是杂交玉米制种成败的关键,因此,正确搞好花期预测,采取积极调控措施,对保证杂交玉米制种成功,提高制种产量具有非常重要的意义。１花期不遇或相遇不良的原因在杂交玉米制种过程中,造成花期不遇或相遇不...     

影响玉米杂交制种花期不遇的因素及调节措施

玉米杂交制种生产过程中．常因为父母本花期相遇不良，致使制种产量下降，甚至绝收。为避免这一现象的发生．在制种生产过程中准确掌握花期动态及影响花期的因素，及时采取促控措施，才能确保花期相遇良好，保证制种成功。     

调节玉米杂交制种花期不遇的关键措施

玉米制种花期能否相遇是制种成败的关键。多年来由于气候、播期、墒情以及栽培管理等问题常常导致花期相遇差,从而影响制种质量,为此,针对怎样调节花期不遇这个问题总结了以下几点经验措施。     

杂交水稻制种花期相遇标准计算机模拟研究

利用杂交水稻制种异交率的计算机模拟模型研究花期相遇标准，对8个组合近30套数据的模拟结果与生产实际的花期相遇标准完全吻事，杂交稻制种的花期相遇标准受诸多因素影响，不存在不分组合不分技术体系的统一的花期相遇标准。     

几种常用花期调节方法对恢复系的调花效果及其对花粉活力的影响

杂交水稻制种过程中,花期相遇好坏是影响制种成败及种子质量的关键,比较了在杂交水稻制种生产上的几种常用调花方法的效果以及对花粉活力的影响。制种时可根据各组合的实际花期相遇状况及亲本特性采取适宜的花期调节方式,减少由于花期不遇对产量和质量造成的影响。     

汕优63夏制父母本调花的关键技术浅析

杂交水稻制种父母本花期能否相遇及相遇时间长短,是制种成败、产量高低的关键。为了达到理想花期相遇,必须在营养生长期和幼穗分化期对父母本的花期进行科学预测和调整。１科学预测花期,确定父母本播差１．１选择好最佳抽穗扬花期和父本播期在我县配制汕优６３组合,父...     

浅谈杂交水稻制种花期预测与调整方法

父母本花期相遇是杂交水稻制种优质高产的关键。在制种过程中,往往受某些因素的影响,造成父母本花期错位,导致产量不理想。根据制种生产实践,总结了杂交水稻制种花期预测和调整方法。     

杂交水稻制种花调集成技术

杂交水稻制种花调集成技术是运用化学、物理、综合调控的方法对制种花期严重不遇的情况进行花期调节,从而使父母本花期相遇和花时相吻合,确保制种产量.     

玉米制种田的花期预测与调节措施

玉米制种时父本的散粉期与母本的吐丝期是否相遇,决定着制种产量的高低,甚至关系到制种的成败。因此,协调好父母本花期,做好花期预测,当发生异常情况,做好适当调节,以保证父母本花期正常相遇,在玉米制种生产中十分重要。根据多年实践经验与学习,现推荐几种花期预测方法与花期不遇的调节措施。1花期预测方法1.1叶片标记预测法此法首先要了解双亲植株主茎的总叶片数,     

Relationship of milled grain percentages and flowering-related traits in rice

The economic value of harvested rice is determined by the grain yield and the percentages of head rice (at least 3/4 the length of a head or kernel) and total milled rice. This study was conducted to determine the effects of flowering-related traits such as duration of flowering, rate of flowering, heading, and duration from heading to maturity on head rice and total milling percentages of rice. Flowering data, gathered for two years from 105 long grain rice genotypes grown in Beaumont, Texas were analyzed for their effects on and relationship with milling traits. A positive linear relationship was obtained for rate of flowering and the duration from heading to maturity but negative for duration of flowering and days to heading. Genotypes with early heading had relatively shorter flowering durations, and genotypes with shorter flowering duration had higher head rice and total milled rice. A faster rate in attaining 100% flowering and more days from heading to maturity were favorable in increasing head rice and total milled grains. The duration from the start of flowering to heading or to 100% flowering can be used in the evaluation and selection for high head rice and total milled rice percentages in rice.     

兜兰属植物花期调控研究进展

兜兰由于独特的花朵造型、绚丽的花朵色彩、持久的观赏花期而具有极高的观赏价值,是国际上的高档花卉.但由于生态环境的破坏以及人们对其过度采挖,兜兰现已成为世界上最濒危的植物物种之一,许多种类已濒临灭绝,所有兜兰野生种均被列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)附录I而被禁止交易.目前,市场上流行的兜兰品种大多是由...     

适期早播对大豆“满贯”生长发育的影响

本文探讨了适期早播对大豆“满贯”生长发育规律及产量的影响。结果表明,不同播期处理,大豆叶面积指数增长和生物产量的累积动态有所不同,大豆适期早播使始花期提前,末花期不推迟,全花期延长,最终产量差异达极显著水准。     

磷素水平对不同基因型大豆干物质积累与分配的影响

通过磷素水平对不同基因型大豆干物质积累与分配影响的研究表明:施磷量对不同基因型大豆品种植株干物质积累量有较大影响,提高施磷量能增加大豆各器官干物质积累量,但施磷量过高各器官干物质积累反而减少,高蛋白品种和高油品种分别以P10处理和Ps处理为最佳施P量.干物质分配开花期以前以叶为主,花期以茎为主,花期后生长中心开始转移到豆荚中.     

Analysis of flowering dynamics heritability in the perennial warm‐season grass Paspalum dilatatum

Understanding the flowering cycles of perennial warm‐season grass species may be very important to the design of management practices and breeding. However, developmental dynamics are not well understood. As most plant traits associated with flowering dynamics do not follow a normal distribution, the use of general linear models to describe and compare these variables might be misleading. The aims of this study were (i) to find a methodology to compare panicle accumulation curves and (ii) to estimate heritabilities for flowering curve attributes. Panicle counts were recorded during a complete flowering cycle on a diverse collection of dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum). We compared the efficiency of different linear mixed models based on whole plot or individual plant data; then, we adjusted nonlinear regression curves for individual plants to estimate several curve attributes and compared this approach to the area under the curve. Finally, we calculated the broad‐sense heritabilities of the estimated curve parameters. The following reproductive curve attributes were obtained: panicle production potential, panicle accumulation rate and days until 3, 5, 10 and 15 panicles. We found that monitoring individual plants is more efficient when studying flowering attributes. Significant differences among genotypes for several flowering cycle attributes were found. Heritabilities were very high for all flowering cycle initiation and duration attributes. We also showed that the number of days until the emergence of a given low number of panicles can be used as a highly heritable measure to characterize flowering cycles.     

菠萝开花诱导及其生理与分子基础

菠萝开花分为自然开花和诱导开花两大类。由于菠萝自然开花的时间和开花率受环境因素影响较大,具有较大的不确定性,在实践中常常通过施用乙烯利或CaC2诱导菠萝开花达到调节菠萝上市时间的目的。通过合理安排种植时间与使用开花诱导技术,目前已经实现反季节生产和周年生产菠萝的目标。笔者对近年来菠萝自然开花、诱导开花及其生理、分子基础方面的研究进展进行了综述,并展望了该领域今后的研究方向。     

光周期途径E3泛素连接酶的开花调控机制

开花是植物生长发育过程中非常重要的一个环节,光周期是影响植物开花的主要环境因素。E3泛素连接酶对光周期依赖型的开花起着重要调控作用。已发现的光周期调控开花途径中多种组分均为E3泛素连接酶的靶蛋白,它们能通过E3泛素连接酶介导实现其泛素化降解,从而影响光周期信号,调控开花。综述了E3泛素连接酶在参与调控光受体稳定性、生物钟功能以及开花调控因子CO稳定性三个方面的研究进展。     

长期定位施肥玉米生育期内微生物量碳、氮和微生物数量的动态变化

对吉林省公主岭市国家黑土肥力和肥料效益长期定位试验(2014年土样)进行测定和分析,探讨长期定位施肥条件下黑土中微生物量碳、氮和微生物数量在玉米生育期内的动态变化。结果表明,长期不同定位施肥处理黑土中微生物量碳、氮在玉米生育期内呈大致相同的变化规律,从苗期至拔节期下降,拔节期至开花期上升并达到峰值,开花期至收获期下降。微生物数量在苗期至拔节期变化不明显,开花期微生物数量急剧上升,达到峰值,开花期至灌浆期明显下降,并趋于稳定。黑土中微生物量碳、氮和微生物数量在玉米生育期内的动态变化表现出较好的一致性,长期不同定位施肥处理之间相比,有机无机配施、秸秆还田、玉米与大豆轮作等施肥措施可提高土壤中微生物量碳、氮含量和微生物数量。     

The use of image analysis to study developmental variation in micropropagated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants

Summary Potato leaf morphology changes during plant development with the phase shift from vegetative growth to flowering. Image analysis can detect differences in leaf morphology and has been used here to distinguish differences in leaf morphology between potato crops derived from seed tubers and minitubers and between crops derived from different micropropagation protocols. Further, leaf shape parameters can be used to determine the relative maturity of crops. This finding is of economic importance since differences in plant development, for example delayed flowering, are associated with yield parameters. It is hypothesised that image analysis of established microplants can be used as an early evaluation of micropropagation protocols for potato.     

受控环境下光周期对小麦生长发育、产量及营养品质的影响

为探讨受控生态生保系统(CELSS)中利用光周期调控提高植物能量利用效率的可能性,以红蓝LED(90%红+10%蓝)为光源,在开花前及开花后各设置12、16、20和24h四个光周期水平,形成16个处理,研究光周期对小麦生长发育、产量和营养品质的影响。结果表明,开花前光周期延长使小麦开花时间显著提前,特别是导致出苗到拔节和拔节到抽穗的天数显著减少。开花后光周期延长会缩短开花到成熟的时间,且开花前和开花后光周期对小麦生育期长度的影响相互独立。在开花前,短光周期有利于小麦营养器官的构建,增加株高、分蘖数、叶片数和营养器官干重,进而提高籽粒产量、收获指数和能效比。在开花后,长光周期提高了灌浆期叶片光合速率,促进籽粒中干物质积累,提高籽粒产量、收获指数和能效比。开花前短光周期的增产作用主要是因穗数和穗粒数增加,而开花后长光周期的增产作用主要是因粒重增加。在开花前后,延长光周期均导致籽粒淀粉含量增加和蛋白质含量减少。在开花前12h光照、开花后24h光照的处理下小麦产量和能量利用效率均最高,说明开花前短光周期结合开花后长光周期最有利于小麦高产和能量高效利用。