新疆奶牛副结核分枝杆菌的分离鉴定

为进一步确定新疆某规模化牛场疑似奶牛副结核病病原,本研究从PCR检测阳性牛粪便样本中共分离获得4株细菌,对其进行菌落形态观察、抗酸染色镜检以及16S r RNA、IS900特异性基因及亚型分型基因的扩增、序列测定与分析。结果显示,所分离的4株细菌为抗酸染色阳性菌,对其IS900基因及亚型分型基因检测均为阳性,它们的16S r RNA、IS900基因及亚型分型基因之间同源性为100%,与Gen Bank中登录的副结核分支杆菌序列同源性在99%以上,从而确定所分离的4株菌株均为Ⅱ型(牛型)副结核分枝杆菌。     

绵羊副结核分枝杆菌的分离与分子分型

为了解绵羊副结核病的病原学特征,本研究对PCR检测阳性的绵羊肠系膜淋巴结样品开展细菌分离培养,对分离株进行形态观察,结果显示肠系膜淋巴结样品经培养后出现乳白色菌落;对分离菌株进行抗酸染色镜检后确定为抗酸染色阳性杆菌;PCR扩增该菌IS900基因与亚型分型片段,结果显示,IS900基因及亚型分型检测为Ⅱ型(牛型)副结核分...     

黑熊链球菌的分离鉴定及对小鼠的毒力试验

本试验以死亡黑熊为试验材料,无菌采集病料中的病原体进行分离、培养,应用涂片染色镜检、生化试验及PCR等方法进行鉴定,对分离的病原体进行药物敏感性试验和小鼠毒力试验。结果表明,分离的病原体经革兰染色呈蓝紫色的阳性链球状菌体,经生化试验和PCR鉴定为致病性链球菌,分离的熊源链球菌对头孢先锋V、头孢孟多等药物较为敏感,对BALB/c小鼠具有一定的致病性,最小致死量5×109 CFUs。本试验为黑熊链球菌病的深入研究奠定了基础。     

天津地区副猪嗜血杆菌的分离鉴定及敏感药物筛选

为了给天津地区各区县养猪场提供副猪嗜血杆菌病的科学防控及合理的治疗用药方案,本试验对天津地区各区县养猪场疑似感染副猪嗜血杆菌的病猪进行了解剖及病理变化观察,无菌采集36份各猪场病猪组织脏器并进行细菌分离,对分离菌进行染色镜检、卫星试验、接触酶反应试验、微量生化反应和PCR鉴定。结果显示,剖检结果以纤维素性胸膜炎及腹膜炎常见,关节腔切面内有大量黄亮黏稠液体;分离出了9株疑似副猪嗜血杆菌菌株,染色镜检均可见革兰氏阴性多形态菌;分离菌有明显的卫星现象;接触酶反应试验均为阳性;微量生化反应D-核糖、山梨醇、果糖、阿拉伯糖和硫化氢均为阴性,麦芽糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、甘露醇和脲酶均为阳性,山梨糖和木糖各有1株为阳性,5株菌β-半乳糖为阳性;PCR鉴定结果显示9株疑似副猪嗜血杆菌菌株在822 bp处均与阳性对照处于同一条带上,均判定为副猪嗜血杆菌,分离率达25%。用16种抗菌药物对9株副猪嗜血杆菌进行敏感药物筛选,药敏结果显示头孢曲松钠和氧氟沙星对分离株有良好的抑菌效果。本试验结果可为天津地区副猪嗜血杆菌病的科学防制提供依据。     

猪链球菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

从送检的20份疑似链球菌病病死猪病料中分离出10株细菌,根据培养特性、染色特点、形态观察及生化试验鉴定为链球菌。对分离到的10株链球菌进行了18种抗革兰阳性抗菌药物的药敏试验,结果A猪场4个分离菌株对复达欣、多黏菌素、头孢噻吩高度敏感,对青霉素、氨苄青霉素、红霉素、氟哌酸、环丙沙星以及阿莫西林表现出明显耐药性;B猪场6个分离菌株对头孢噻肟、复达欣、利福平、多黏菌素高度敏感,对青霉素、氨苄青霉素、红霉素、复方新诺明、氟哌酸、环丙沙星有明显耐药性。动物试验表明10株猪链球菌对小鼠均有致病性。     

鸽源白色念珠菌的分离鉴定及药物敏感性分析

重庆某鸽场1～3周龄幼鸽喉头出现大块干酪样物，堵塞喉头，导致无法进食并陆续死亡。本研究旨在鉴定导致该鸽场大批幼鸽发病的病原。在病鸽喉头、嗉囊、腺胃、肠道等部位采集病料，接种含1%庆大霉素PDA平板分离病原，采用革兰染色、棉蓝染色、芽管生成试验和PCR扩增鉴定病原。分离的病原菌进行动物回归试验和药物敏感性试验。最终在5只病鸽分离到8株革兰染色呈卵圆形、黑色或粉紫色的革兰阳性酵母样菌体，棉蓝染色结果显示菌体长出菌丝和孢子。这些真菌在含1%庆大霉素PDA平板上生长为乳白色、边缘整齐的光滑菌落，在胎牛血清中孵育能生成芽管，能扩增出白色念珠菌特异rDNA基因间转录间隔区序列。动物回归试验结果显示分离菌株能导致雏鸡嗉囊肿胀，嗉囊鳞状上皮细胞变性、坏死、脱落。药物敏感性试验显示分离菌对两性霉素B、制霉菌素和克霉唑敏感。本研究确定了导致鸽场发病的病原为白色念珠菌，且分离菌在体外对部分抗真菌药物敏感。     

副猪嗜血杆菌安徽株分离鉴定与药敏试验

从安徽某养猪场送检的病猪中分离到2株细菌,经细菌形态、染色镜检、培养特性和生化试验鉴定为副猪嗜血杆菌.经药敏试验显示,2株分离细菌对头孢拉定、先锋V、氟哌酸均高度敏感;对环丙沙星、四环素、强力霉素均中度敏感;对阿莫西林、金霉素呈低度敏感.本试验为该猪场副猪嗜血杆菌病的防治提供了理论依据.     

一株鸭大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及致病性分析

广西省某种鸭场40余日龄的鸭群发病,从病死鸭脑部分离到一株革兰阴性杆菌,经分离纯培养、革兰染色镜检、PCR分子生物学鉴定、血清型鉴定,确定是血清型为O154的鸭大肠杆菌;致病性试验显示,该分离菌对小鼠具有较强的致病性。药物敏感试验结果表明,该菌对替米考星、氧氟沙星、新霉素3种药物产生了耐药性,对头孢曲松、丁胺卡那等7种药物敏感。     

三株羊溶血性曼氏杆菌的分离与鉴定

试验从3例送检山羊的肺脏组织内均分离得到一种细菌,经分离培养、革兰染色、镜检、生化试验和16S r DNA基因序列分析,证明3株分离菌是溶血性曼氏杆菌。药敏试验结果表明3株分离菌对阿米卡星、美洛西林、多西环素等18种药物均敏感。     

猪源马链球菌兽疫亚种分离鉴定

为确诊广东省江门市某规模化猪场保育仔猪发生脑膜炎死亡的病因,本研究通过临床解剖观察、细菌分离培养、革兰染色镜检、溶血性观察、生化鉴定、小鼠毒力试验和药敏试验、16S rRNA及M蛋白(SzP)基因序列分析进行鉴定。结果:从发病猪脑顶叶分离到1株致病菌,命名为SEZ20180618,分离菌在鲜血平板上生长出微隆起、圆滑湿润的小菌落,呈β溶血,革兰染色阳性、呈链状排列的球菌;16S rRNA基因序列分析显示,分离菌与马链球菌兽疫亚种处于同一分支,同源性在97%以上;SzP氨基酸序列与马链球菌兽疫亚种CT株、Cxy012株、SH00166株等参考菌株的相应序列同源性为100%。分离菌株SEZ20180618对BALB/c小鼠具有较强的毒力,对BALB/c小鼠的半数致死量为1.54×10~6 CFU;分离菌对阿莫西林、青霉素、庆大霉素等14种临床常用抗菌药物均敏感,对阿米卡星和复方新诺明2种药物中度敏感。     

Contribution to the diagnosis of Johne's disease in cattle. Comparative studies on the validity of Ziehl-Neelsen staining, faecal culture and a commercially available DNA-Probe test in detecting Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in faeces from cattle

In the present study, 132 selected faecal samples from clinically affected and subclinically infected cattle from dairy herds known to be affected by Johne's disease were investigated for the presence of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis using Ziehl-Neelsen staining, faecal culture and a commercially available DNA-Probe test. The sensitivity was 36.4% for Ziehl-Neelsen staining, 85.6% for faecal culture and 47.7% for the DNA-Probe test. Proving the presence of acid-fast bacteria in 49.3% of the samples from clinically affected cattle and 19.3% of those from subclinically infected cattle, Ziehl-Neelsen staining had the lowest detection rate of the three tests under investigation. Faecal culture showed the highest detection rate of M. paratuberculosis in samples from both clinically affected (84.0%) and subclinically infected (87.7%) animals. The DNA-Probe test showed a positive result in 68.0% of the samples from clinically affected cattle and 21.1% of those from subclinically infected cattle. Ziehl-Neelsen staining proved unreliable in diagnosing Johne's disease. Faecal culture was the most sensitive method for detecting M. paratuberculosis both in clinically affected and subclinically infected cattle. The sensitivity of a commercially available DNA-Probe test has to be enhanced to enable a quick and reliable diagnosis of Johne's disease.     

The detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in bovine faeces by isolation and the comparison of isolation with the examination of stained smears by light microscopy

The detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis organisms in bovine faeces by isolation was compared with that by the microscopical examination of Ziehl-Neelsen stained faecal smears for the presence of clumps of acid-fast M. paratuberculosis organisms. Faeces were obtained from cattle naturally or experimentally infected with M. paratuberculosis as well as from uninfected cattle. Microscopical examination was an unreliable method for the detection of M. paratuberculosis organisms, since the organisms were only detected in 99 (=55.9%) of 177 culturally positive faecal samples. 1111 addition, clumps of acid-fast organisms indistinguishable from M. paratuberculosis were also observed iin three of 18 samples from cattle free from Johne's disease and in 18 of 37 culturally negative samples from paratuberculous cattle. When M. paratuberculosis organisms were added to faeces from an uninfected cow, results showed that isolation attempts should be positive when 15 or more M. paratuberculosis organisms per gram of faeces are present.     

Contribution to the Diagnosis of Johne’s Disease in Cattle.Comparative Studies on the Validity of Ziehl-Neelsen Staining,Faecal Culture and a Commercially Available DNA-Probe® Testb in Detecting Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Faeces from Cattle

In the present study, 132 selected faecal samples from clinically affected and subclinically infectedcattle from dairy herds known to be affected by Johne’s disease were investigated for the presence of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis using Ziehl-Neelsen staining, faecal culture and a commercially available DNAProbe ® test. The sensitivity was 36.4% for Ziehl-Neelsen staining, 85.6% for faecal culture and 47.7% for the DNA-Probe® test. Proving the presence of acid-fast bacteria in 49.3% of the samples from clinically affected cattle and 19.3% of those from subclinically infected cattle, Ziehl-Neelsen staining had the lowest detection rate of the three tests under investigation. Faecal culture showed the highest detection rate of M. paratuberculosis in samples from both clinically affected (84.0%) and subclinically infected (87.7%) animals. The DNA-Probe® test showed a positive result in 68.0% of the samples from clinically affected cattle and 21.1% of those from subclinically infected cattle. Ziehl-Neelsen staining proved unreliable in diagnosing Johne’s disease. Faecal culture was the most sensitive method for detecting M. paratuberculosis both in clinically affected and subclinically infected cattle. The sensitivity of a commercially available DNAProbe® test has to be enhanced to enable a quick and reliable diagnosis of Johne’s disease.     

Experimental disease in young chickens induced by a Mycobacterium paratuberculosis isolate from a patient with Crohn's disease.

The susceptibility of young chickens to infection with an isolate of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis which had been recovered from diseased tissues of a patient with Crohn's disease was determined. Two-week-old Leghorn-Cochin chicks were inoculated with strain Linda. Six birds received 10(7) organisms orally, six intraperitoneally, and five intracardially. Six uninoculated birds served as contact controls. Birds from each group were necropsied at two-week intervals. Focal granulomatous lesions occurred in two of six chickens which were inoculated orally, in six of six inoculated intraperitoneally, in three of five inoculated intracardially, but in none of six controls. Of the 11 birds with lesions, acid-fast bacilli were demonstrated in five. Immunoperoxidase reactivity paralleled the presence of acid-fast bacilli.     

A testing scheme for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in bovine feces utilizing the ESP para-JEM liquid culture system.

A testing scheme for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in broth cultures of bovine fecal samples carried out in ESP para-JEM System was evaluated. The scheme included acid-fast staining (on signal-positive and signal-negative samples), and confirmation by PCR for 2 MAP-specific targets and subculture of all acid-fast positive PCR-negative samples. Two hundred and fifty bovine fecal samples were evaluated for the presence of MAP using this scheme. Thirty-seven (15%) of 250 fecal samples had a positive culture result when the proposed testing scheme was used, compared to 14 (6%) positive results when using the standard ESP para-JEM protocol (requiring samples to have a positive signal from the system, a positive acid-fast stain, and a positive IS900 PCR result), and 20 (8%) positives when conventional culture was performed on Herrold egg yolk (HEY) media. A preliminary comparison of real-time and conventional PCR on DNA extracted from 15 MAP-positive broth cultures by 3 different protocols suggested that conventional PCR may be a better choice for the confirmation of the presence of MAP in the liquid cultures than real-time PCR.     

Probable paratuberculosis in a Sicilian ass

A presumptive diagnosis of paratuberculosis was made in a Sicilian ass on the basis of a history of chronic diarrhea and weight loss, pasture exposure to a heifer with paratuberculosis confirmed by bacterial culture of feces, postmortem identification of granulomatous inflammation of the intestine containing acid-fast organisms, the absence of acid-fast organisms in extraenteric tissues, and the absence of exposure to tuberculosis. The literature on paratuberculosis in equids is reviewed. The potential for cross-species transmission is emphasized. Justification for consideration of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in the differential diagnoses of equine granulomatous enteritis is discussed.     

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in an addax (Addax nasomaculatus).

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was cultured from a single fecal sample collected from a 10-yr-old, captive-bred male addax (Addax nasomaculatus). Attempts to confirm infection with additional fecal cultures, serology, semen culture, and tissue biopsy were unsuccessful. There were no gross lesions on necropsy. On histopathology there were neither acid-fast organisms nor microscopic changes suggestive of active or clinical Johne's disease. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was isolated from four organ tissues: ileum, jejunum, colon, and mesenteric lymph node.     

Analysis of antigens in Mycobacterium paratubercuolsis.

Analysis of antigens in Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Acta vet. scand. 1979, 20, 200–215. — Using crossed immunoelectrophoresis (GIE) and crossed line immunoelectrophoresis (GLIE), antigens from different strains and variants of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis were compared, and cross-reactions between 1 of these strains and Mycobacterium avium and BGG studied. In each of 4 bovine laboratory strains of M. paratuberculosis examined, altogether 44 different antigens were demonstrated. This is the largest number of antigens in M. paratuberculosis which has been described so far. No important difference in the antigenic structure of the strains was found. The 4 laboratory strains are being used routinely in the production of vaccine against Johne’s disease in Norway and Iceland. One of the aims of the present work was to investigate the antigenic relationship between these strains and the goat-pathogenic Norwegian and the Icelandic variant of M. paratuberculosis. Out of 44 different antigens demonstrated in the laboratory strains, 39 and 31 gave cross-reactions against the Norwegian and the Icelandic variant, respectively. This is in accordance with practical experience, as the results of vaccination against Johne’s disease, performed in Norway for many years, are very good.Twenty-seven and 24 cross-reacting antigens between M. paratuberculosis and strains of M. avium and BGG, respectively, were observed. This finding agrees with clinical observations.Another aim of the investigation was to identify species-specific antigens as regards M. paratuberculosis. One antigen showed a marked cross-reaction between the strains of M. paratuberculosis examined, but did not react with antisera against M. avium and BGG. Some other antigens showed partial specificity.The results obtained stress the complicated antigenic situation in mycobacteria which is of decisive significance as regards the diagnosis and classification of mycobacterial infections.     

新疆北疆某规模化牛场奶牛副结核病的检测与分析

为查明导致新疆北疆某规模化牛场奶牛腹泻、消瘦的主要病原菌,本研究采用微生物学与分子生物学方法对采集的患牛粪便进行检测与鉴定。结果显示:2份粪样抗酸染色阳性,IS900基因及亚型分型基因检测阳性,IS900基因与GenBank中多个副结核分枝杆菌序列同源性在99%以上,亚型分型基因与Ⅱ型同源性为99.81%,从而确定2份样本均被Ⅱ型(牛型)副结核分枝杆菌感染。     

28株牛源分枝杆菌的耐药基因突变分析

为明确分离自宁夏、甘肃和新疆地区的28株牛源分枝杆菌的耐药基因突变情况,通过采用16S rRNA、MPT64和多位点PCR方法进行基因分型鉴定,L-J比例法对其进行药敏试验,随后用DNA测序技术对10株耐药菌和4株敏感菌进行耐药基因检测及突变分析。分型鉴定结果表明,28株分离株均属于结核分枝杆菌复合群(MTBC),其中26株为牛分枝杆菌,2株为人型结核分枝杆菌。药敏试验结果表明,28株MTBC中18株对4种一线抗结核药物敏感,10株耐药。耐药菌株中,1株对利福平耐药;7株对异烟肼、利福平和链霉素三重耐药;2株对异烟肼、利福平、链霉素和乙胺丁醇四重耐药。耐药基因突变位点分析结果表明,rpoB 378位点的突变率为10.0%;katG 463位点的突变率为100.0%;rrs 311位点的突变率为11.1%;embB 378位点的突变率为100.0%;oxyR-ahpC和rpsL位点无突变。提示宁夏、甘肃和新疆地区奶牛场中MTBC主要以牛分枝杆菌为主,且存在耐多药情况,耐药突变位点以katG 463和embB 378为主。