单宁和聚乙二醇对绵羊和山羊瘤胃纤维降解菌数量的影响

本文旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平的单宁和高单宁饲粮条件下添加聚乙二醇( PEG )对绵羊和山羊瘤胃纤维降解菌数量的影响。试验选用1.5岁、体重约45 kg、安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的绵羊和绒山羊各4只,采用自身对照试验设计,分4期进行。第1期饲喂基础饲粮(Ⅰ组),第2期在基础饲粮中添加2%的单宁(Ⅱ组),第3期在基础饲粮中添加6%的单宁(Ⅲ组),第4期在基础饲粮中添加6%单宁+12% PEG(Ⅳ组)。每期试验30 d,其中预试期12 d,正试期18 d。每个正试期第1天,采集绵羊和山羊瘤胃内容物,测定瘤胃液pH、氨态氮( NH3-N)和菌体蛋白( MCP)浓度;运用实时定量PCR技术对固相、液相及全食糜中所附着的白色瘤胃球菌、黄色瘤胃球菌、产琥珀酸拟杆菌进行定量检测。结果表明：1)与Ⅰ组相比,添加6%单宁显著降低了山羊瘤胃液NH3-N浓度和绵羊瘤胃液MCP浓度( P<0.05)。添加6%单宁+12% PEG后,这2个指标恢复至与Ⅰ组相当的水平。2)与Ⅰ组相比,添加6%单宁显著降低了绵羊和山羊瘤胃固相、绵羊瘤胃液相白色瘤胃球菌数量( P<0.05);添加2%和6%单宁显著降低了绵羊和山羊固相黄色瘤胃球菌数量( P<0.05),添加6%单宁显著降低了绵羊和山羊瘤胃液相黄色瘤胃球菌数量( P<0.05);添加6%单宁显著降低了绵羊和山羊瘤胃固相、绵羊全食糜产琥珀酸拟杆菌数量( P<0.05)。添加6%单宁+12% PEG后,绵羊和山羊瘤胃这3株纤维降解菌数量恢复至Ⅰ组水平或高于Ⅰ组。由此可见,饲粮单宁添加量达到6%时降低了瘤胃液NH3-N的浓度,影响MCP的合成,抑制瘤胃固相纤维降解菌的增殖;添加PEG可以削弱单宁对瘤胃纤维降解菌生长的负面影响,促进瘤胃发酵。     

尿素-麻饼型日粮中添加烟酸对绵羊瘤胃发酵的影响

烟酸是畜禽必需的维生素之一，是动物体内2个重要脱氢酶的辅酶NAD^ 和NADP^ 的重要成分，在动物机体代谢中起着至关重要的作用。麻饼作为反刍动物常用的一种饲料原料，可以提供瘤胃蛋白来源,而尿素又是一种反刍动物最常用的非蛋白含氮物质．研究它们配合后的日粮对反刍动物及其瘤胃发酵的影响是非常有必要的。试验利用体外试验法，以内蒙古半细毛羯羊为试验动物，在以尿素一麻饼型日粮为培养底物的培养液中补加不同剂量的烟酸后,测定其若干瘤胃指标。用以确定烟酸适宜添加剂量范围，为配制舍饲育肥绵羊预混料提供理论依据。     

高钼条件下日粮添加赖氨酸铜对绵羊铜代谢及粗饲料消化能力的影响

选用4只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的杂一代羯羊,采用拉丁方设计,研究4种铜添加水平(0,6,12和18 mg/kg)和4种硫添加水平(0%,0.05%,0.10%和0.15%)在高钼(12.55 mg/kg)条件下对绵羊铜代谢及粗料消化能力的影响。结果表明:铜的添加可以显著地(P<0.05)提高血浆和三氯乙酸(TCA)溶解铜浓度;TCA溶解铜浓度随硫水平的提高极显著(P<0.01)降低,TCA不溶性铜极显著(P<0.01)提高。综合上述结果,赖氨酸铜是绵羊理想的有机饲料铜源。     

利用体外培养研究麻饼型日粮添加烟酸对绵羊瘤胃发酵的影响

以麻饼——玉米型日粮为培养底物及瘤胃液供体动物日粮,试验用瘤胃液来自3只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的绵羊,体外试验按不同烟酸添加剂量分为13个试验组(0,50,150,250,350,400,450,500,600,700,800,900,1000mg／kg),每个试验组4个重复。在培养24h后,测定培养液中NH3-N、瘤胃细菌N产量、原虫数量、总VFA产量及乙酸、丙酸、丁酸产量和乙酸／丙酸值,用以确定在该氮源日粮条件下,添加烟酸对瘤胃发酵的影响,并对烟酸最适添加范围进行了研究。结果表明,在麻饼型日粮来源培养底物中,最适烟酸添加范围为450～500mg／kg。     

日粮中添加藜麦秸秆对湖羊生长性能和屠宰性能的影响

文章研究了日粮中添加不同比例黎麦秸秆对湖羊生长性能和屠宰性能的影响,为藜麦秸秆作为肉羊饲料原料提供数据基础.试验选用80只体重30 kg左右的健康断奶湖羊公羔,随机分为4组,按照日粮粗饲料分为0％、33.3％、66.7％、100％藜麦秸秆组(玉米秸秆分别为100％、66.7％、33.3％和0％),饲喂60 d后测定湖羊...     

单宁和聚乙二醇对绵羊和山羊瘤胃微生物数量和营养物质表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平单宁和高单宁饲粮条件下添加聚乙二醇(PEG)对绵羊和山羊瘤胃总细菌、总厌氧真菌、原虫数量和营养物质表观消化率的影响。选取1.5~2.0岁、体重45 kg左右、安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的绵羊和绒山羊各4只为试验动物。采用自身对照设计,共分4期进行,第1期饲喂基础饲粮(Ⅰ组,对照组),第2、3、4期除饲喂基础饲粮外再分别添加占采食量2%单宁(Ⅱ组)、6%单宁(Ⅲ组)、6%单宁+12%PEG(Ⅳ组);每期试验30d,其中预试期12 d,正试期18 d。结果表明:1)山羊Ⅲ组有机物(OM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)表观消化率,Ⅳ组干物质(DM)、OM、CP表观消化率均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。绵羊营养物质表观消化率各组之间无显著差异(P0.05)。2)晨饲前(0 h)山羊Ⅲ、Ⅳ组,6 h绵羊和山羊Ⅳ组瘤胃原虫数量均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。3)0 h绵羊和山羊试验组瘤胃总细菌数量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。6 hⅡ、Ⅲ组山羊瘤胃总厌氧真菌的数量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结果提示,在饲粮中添加单宁会降低瘤胃总细菌和总厌氧真菌数量以及营养物质表观消化率,PEG可削弱单宁对瘤胃总细菌生长的影响;山羊的瘤胃微生物区系受单宁的影响程度比绵羊更大。     

复合矿物质舔砖对湖羊羔羊生长性能的影响试验

浙江各地的湖羊养殖,日粮多以粗饲料为主,精饲料所占比例很低,且无添加预混料的习惯,由此导致了因日粮矿物质缺乏而引起生长缓慢等亟待解决的问题。本试验采用复合矿物质舔砖形式补充湖羊日粮中的矿物质,这种方式不但操作方便、节省劳动力而且还利于湖羊的摄食和吸收,是一种较好的矿物质添加方式。现将试验结果报告如下。     

Response to Varying Dietary Energy and Protein With or Without Enzyme Supplementation on Growth and Performance of Leghorns: Growing Period

Bovans White Leghorn pullets were utilized to evaluate the use of an enzyme cocktail from 0 to 126 d of age. Dietary treatments varied in CP, ME, and enzyme (EZ) supplementation. Feed intake, BW gain, and feed conversion ratio data were gathered in addition to determining nutrient retention and digestibility during the trial. Cumulatively, feed consumption was decreased by EZ supplementation when added to a required ME diet. Body weight gains were similar across dietary treatments; however, cumulative feed conversion ratio was significantly improved with EZ supplementation. Interactions regarding nutrient retention and digestibility were numerous. Similar responses were noted for energy and protein retention values during the trial with changes in response to dietary treatments as the pullets aged. Compared with feeding an industry applicable diet (required ME/CP without EZ − $0.27/lb gain), all dietary treatments reduced production costs with significant reductions when reducing CP. Lowest feed cost ($)/lb gain and percent excreta N was feeding pullets a diet with reduced ME and CP supplemented with EZ ($0.262/lb gain; 5.19% N). Possible further reductions in ME or dietary CP, or both, with EZ supplementation may prove to be even more economical and environmentally friendly.     

Embryo Production in Superovulated Goats Treated with Insulin Before or After Mating or By Continuous Propylene Glycol Supplementation

Seventeen adult and cyclic Moxoto goats were synchronized using 60 mg MPA vaginal sponge for 11 days and 50 μg cloprostenol, 48 h before sponge removal, and superovulated with 120 mg pFSH i.m. in decreasing doses at 12 h intervals for three consecutive days. In seven goats, 0.2 IU/kg BW/day of long acting insulin was subcutaneously injected at same time as pFSH, and in the other five goats, the same dose of insulin was injected for three consecutive days starting 24 h after mating. Finally, five goats were supplemented with an oral dose of 80 ml/goat/day of propylene glycol continuously during the experiment. The animals were flushed at 7 days after mating and the embryos were classified based on International Embryo Transfer Society criteria. Blood samples were collected every 3 days for insulin assay. Administration of insulin raised the insulin levels of the goats (p < 0.05), whereas in the group treated with propylene glycol, insulin rate was different only between FSH treatment and after mating (p < 0.05). Similar rates of recovery for total (80.05 ± 9.78%) or transferable structures (61.03 ± 15.13%) were obtained. Treatment was not influenced (p > 0.05) by responsiveness to superovulation, which averaged 64%. By contrast, insulin treatments were shown to increase the number of embryos considered excellent with respect to goats supplemented with propylene glycol (p < 0.05). When insulin was given before mating, a strong relationship (r = 0. 90) (p < 0.05) between number of transferable embryo and ovulations was observed in the animals. In conclusion, superovulated goats treated with low doses of exogenous insulin resulted in an enhancement in embryo quality, which was related to changes in circulating insulin concentrations.     

盐化秸秆加精料日粮对绵羊生产性能和消化的影响

本文报道了添加精料对饲喂盐化玉米秸秆的晋中绵羊生产性能、日粮消化的影响。处理组比对照组明显提高了绵羊的日增重、采食量和饲料转化率 (P <0 0 1 )。随着精料水平的提高 ,日粮粗纤维表观消化率下降 (P <0 0 5) ,干物质、有机物和粗蛋白质表观消化率提高 (P <0 0 5) ;肝脏中有关矿物质元素含量、血中酶活性在一定精料范围内提高 (P <0 0 5)。本研究范围内精料添加量为 32 5g/日·只时 ,饲喂效果最好     

麦秸日粮营养补添对绵羊全消化道养分消化率的影响

选择体重为1942±183kg的9月龄甘肃高山细毛羊36只，按体重、性别等区组设计分为4组，每组9只。试羊单圈单饲，自由采食粉碎麦秸，定量饲喂各组补添料150g（补添料量占日粮总采食量的30％以下）。在饲养试验的第32d，进行6d全收粪法消化试验。组别与补添料型为麦麸组、亚麻饼组，亚麻饼＋鸡粪组，鸡粪＋酒糟组。试羊每天结果表明冬季饲喂小麦秸的绵羊，经补添亚麻饼型和亚麻饼＋鸡粪型补添料后，6种主要营养素的消化率显著提高到50％以上，其中亚麻饼组粗蛋白（CP）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）的消化率提高幅度较大，分别比麦麸组提高1176和1195个百分点（P<001），相对提高236％和255％；亚麻饼＋鸡粪组CP、NDF消化率分别比麦麸组提高101％、131％（P<005）；2组干物质（DM）、有机物（OM）、粗纤维（CF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）的消化率分别比麦麸组提高677～958个百分点（P<001或005）和384～616个百分点（P<005除DM；P>005），2组6种养分消化量均分别比麦麸组显著提高（P<001或005）。鸡粪＋酒糟型6种养分的消化率均低于麦麸型44％～84％（P>005）。证明，在黄土高原冬季严酷生境和较低经济条件下，采用亚麻饼等当地廉价、低质氮源作补添，通过提高全消化道主要养分消化率来提高绵羊对麦秸日粮的利用是可行和实用的。经适宜营养平衡补添后，采食麦秸绵羊出现CP和NDF消化率同步提高效应，说明在低量补添条件下，氮源补添，尤其是瘤胃易降解和富含脂肪的氮源补添，更有利于平衡麦秸的营养缺乏，从而刺激纤维物质的消化和提高NDF的消化率。