茶沫与唐代茶文化

茶沫与唐代茶文化福建省建瓯市农业局郑立盛茶沫，古代称沫饽，近代叫汤花，都是指由茶汤产生的泡沫。在唐代，茶沫已不是简单的物理现象，对于造茶、品饮、茶具、诗歌、茶艺等都占有重要位置，增进了唐代茶文化的发展与繁荣。据陆羽《茶经》记载，唐时饮用的茶有四类：粗...     

金鸡与神茶(霍山黄芽)

安徽霍山县，古属寿州。霍山县茶叶生产历史悠久，清光绪（霍山县志）记载：“霍山黄芽之名已肇启于西汉。《史记》记述：‘寿春之山有黄芽焉，可煮而饮，久服得仙。’”（霍山曾隶属寿州故称寿春之山）。司马迁《史记》记载：“寿州南山产黄芽也。”古代说的“寿州南山”，即今安徽霍山县大化坪镇金鸡山。这里山高岭陡、云雾缭绕，细雨霏霏，使茶树聚天地之精华，得自然之独厚，故茶叶风味独特，它细嫩多毫，形似雀舌，汤色碧绿，入口香醇、甜润、清心爽神，回味无穷。唐李肇《国史补》把寿州霍山黄芽列为十四品目贡品名茶之一。唐时为饼茶…     

三道茶:大理白族包容的传统美德的传承与发展

三道茶悠久的发展历史、考究的泡茶过程和独到的敬茶习俗展现出白族和谐和包容的美德。白族人充分发挥三道特色茶水的物质功用的同时,还融入了农耕智慧与生命教育,从而赋予了三道茶精神价值。本文认为“物”始终在三道茶中扮演着重要角色,传承三道茶文化必须深入理解和把握三道茶中不可缺失的“物”,传承和发展好三道茶中蕴含的包容的传统美德亦是如此。     

代用茶、混合茶、药茶起源初探

本文梳理了晋代至宋代中外文献记载的代用茶、混合茶、药茶,并指出这些茶都是中国茶文化的重要组成部分。     

茶之禁忌略论

茶之禁忌略论江西省社会科学院赖功欧人类的文化生活中，禁忌多从宗教而来。而从茶文化的历史来看，茶的起源即被人们所神化，在茶文化发展历程中，就有不少宗教色彩的故事充斥其间。事实上，茶与佛、道二教的关系至为密切。因此，茶文化中的禁忌，一直伴随茶自身的发展历...     

附:《中国茶文化》总目

附：《中国茶文化》总目（广东韩山师范学院陈香白著）上编：导言中国茶文化纲要一、茶文化之萌芽：茶的蔬食、药疗、汤饮二、茶文化之发展：历代饮茶法提要三、茶文化之内核：中国茶道四、茶文化之播散：风行成俗五、茶文化之涵濡：民族凝聚力六、茶文化与茶政七、茶文化...     

中华茶文化的和谐意蕴初探

中国是茶的故乡,茶文化是中国传统文化的重要组成部分,内含儒、道、释三家的思想,是物质文明和精神文明的有机结合,具有广泛的人文和谐意蕴,不仅可以丰富人的内在涵养,提高人的文化素质,亦有助于营造和睦的家庭、社会环境。文章概述了茶文化的和谐意蕴,分析了茶文化中的茶与境和、与器和、与人和、与水和等“和合”之象。     

白族三道茶

白族三道茶云南省大理市大理报社赵锐明并撮影饮茶在我国有悠久的历史，并形成各民族的茶文化，如藏族的酥油茶，彝族的土罐茶。而其中最具特色的当数云南大理白族的三道茶。三道茶是白族节庆时敬献宾客的饮品，同时也是一种礼仪形式。三道茶独特之处就在于，各道茶各有特...     

从宋代茶诗看宋代的茶文化精神

较唐代而言,宋代茶文学在体裁上有所出新,在内容上更为丰富,在内涵上有所发展。宋代士人重视心性、重视个体、重视世间的精神浇灌出了宋代的茶文化,并在茶诗中得到了很好的表现。从宋代茶诗中我们可以看到,宋代茶文化以俗为雅,以平常为道,茶饮生活成了宋代士人身心得以安顿的真实写照。     

茶诗在茶文化旅游开发中的应用研究

中国茶文化历史悠久,博大精深,作为中国茶文化重要组成部分的中国茶诗数量多,内容广泛,而茶诗中对于茶艺、茶道的描写,又有助于我们了解、研究中国古代茶文化,因此,在现代茶文化旅游开发中,可以将茶诗及其文化蕴涵运用进来,在营销宣传、旅游产品设计等方面发挥茶诗的作用,使茶与中国传统文化紧密结合,从而促进茶文化旅游的发展。     

ICP-OES法同时测定果蔬中铅、砷、镉、铬、铜、锡含量

果蔬样品经混酸消化后,控制一定的酸度,定容后应用等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)对果蔬中铅、砷、镉、铬、铜、锡六种有害重金属进行测定,研究了分析测定条件,方法简单快速。测定结果表明,五种元素的加标平均回收率在91.0%~107%之间。其RSD均小于3.5%。按该方法进行处理及测定铅、砷、镉、铬、铜、锡,在选择的测定条件下最低检出限分别为0.0006 mg/kg、0.0003 mg/kg、0.00003 mg/kg、0.00005 mg/kg、0.00003 mg/kg、0.0006 mg/kg。     

我国主要砖茶中FAl等元素含量及其影响因素分析

为了解全国茶叶主产区砖茶中F、Al、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn等主要元素的含量水平，在内蒙、甘肃、新疆、青海、四川等习惯饮用砖茶的地区收集了33份茶叶主产区砖茶样品，用燃烧水解-氟离子选择电极法对其进行氟含量的测定，同时用ICP-AES测定了砖茶中Al、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn等生命元素的含量，并探讨了砖茶中F与其他元素的关系及其影响因素。结果表明，33份砖茶的F含量均值为431.92mg·kg^-1，Al、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn含量分别是2237.88、6126.36、2163.01、19.00、29.73、633.88、1075.70mg·kg^-1;不同产地砖茶氟含量的差异比较明显，其中氟含量最低为74.1mg·kg^-1出现在云南省，最高为991.2mg·kg^-1出现在四川省;不同品种的砖茶氟含量也存在较大的差异，其中沱茶氟最低，其后依次为普洱茶、饼茶、茯砖、米砖、黑砖、青砖，最高的为康砖。多元回归分析表明砖茶中F与Al、Mn含量呈显著正相关（P〈0.05），与Zn呈显著负相关（P〈0.05），提示砖茶中的这些元素可能会影响氟中毒病情。     

一串红N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe缺素症状研究

以‘展望红’为材料,研究N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe缺乏对其生长发育的影响,并总结缺素症状,研究结果表明:N缺乏时植株矮小,叶发黄;P缺乏时叶色暗绿,且影响开花;K缺乏时基部叶枯黄,并易落叶;缺Fe症状较为明显,但能正常开花;Ca、Mg未表现出缺素症状,且各项指标要优于全素处理;N、P显著影响一串红的生长发育,K对开花品质的影响较大。     

重金属稀土元素污染在水生物体内的生物富集

对铅、镉、汞以及镧、铈在鲤鱼体内的生物富集作用进行了室内试验和讨论。结果表明,重金属及稀土元素在鱼体各部位均有较强的富集作用,其中肌肉部分富集能力较弱,内脏富集能力最强;鱼体各部位对重金属及稀土元素的富集作用随时间的增加而增加,在一定的时间后趋于平衡;并且,鱼体中各部位对重金属及稀土元素的生物富集作用存在较大差异。     

Alternatives, traditions, and diversity in agriculture

This review essay examines several recentbooks about agriculture, including two books on thelinks between cultural and biological diversity intraditional agriculture, two books on the US farmcrisis, and a collected volume examining globalaspects of agricultural restructuring andsustainability. Finally, a history of ``alternative'agriculture provides a framework for thinking aboutthe ways the different cases shed light on the complexrelations between tradition and innovation inagriculture. A historical perspective highlights theextent to which ``alternative' is a relative term. Themonocrop, ``factory' mode that dominate US agriculturetoday certainly differs from what has characterizedfarming for most of history and in most of the world.Small-scale, more or less organic, diversified farms,which appear so ``alternative' in the present context,have until lately counted as the norm, here andelsewhere. These books also highlight both the dangersof the currently dominant industrial agriculture andthe potential for genuine alternatives.     

Gallium, germanium, indium, and iridium in lunar samples

Neutron activation analyses of gallium, germanium, indium, and iridium in eight lunar samples and in meteorites and rocks (including four calciulnrich achondrites and five terrestrial basalts) with similar bulk compositions are reported. Lunar gallium concentrations are remarkably constant at about 5 parts per million, three times higher and four times lower than those in eucritic (calcium-rich) achondrites and terrestrial basalts, respectively. Lunar germanium concentrations range from 相似文献   

Survey of Tetracyclines, Sulfonamides, Sulfamethazine, and Quinolones in UHT Milk in China Market

This study surveyed 180 samples of ultra high temperature (UHT) milk of four top Chinese dairy brands collected in the 25 cities in China in June 2011, and assessed their contamination with antibiotics, using the ELISA method. The percentages of tetracyclines, sulfonamides, sulfamethazine, and quinolones detected in the samples were 0, 16.7, 40.6, and 100%, respectively. The maximum concentrations of the tetracyclines, sulfonamides, sulfamethazine and quinolones in UHT milk samples were <1.5, 26.2, 22.6, and 58.8 μg kg-1, respectively. None of the samples exceeded the maximum residue levels (MRLs) for these four veterinary drugs, according to the regulations set by China, the European Union (EU) and the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC).     

酸性耕作土壤中Zn、Cd、Cu、Co、Ni和Pb的形态

采用连续提取法研究了福建省酸性耕作土壤中Zn、Cd、Cu、Co、Ni和Pb的形态分布及其影响因素.结果表明,各元素水溶态和交换态所占比例均很小,Zn、Co、Ni和Pb均以残渣态和铁锰氧化物结合态为主,Cu以残渣态和有机结合态为主,Cd以碳酸盐结合态与专性吸附态、铁锰氧化物结合态和交换态为主.相关分析表明,土壤理化性质对重金属形态有较大影响,但影响程度因元素而异.Zn、Ni和Co的形态受游离氧化铁、阳离子交换量和粘粒含量的影响较大;Cd和Pb的形态受土壤pH、游离氧化铁和粘粒含量的影响较大;Cu的形态与土壤粘粒含量呈较显著相关.     

StKU80, a component in the NHEJ repair pathway,is involved in mycelial morphogenesis,conidiation, appressorium development,and oxidative stress reactions in Exserohilum turcicum

Homologous recombination(HR) and nonhomologous end joining(NHEJ) are considered the two main double-strand break(DSB) repair approaches in eukaryotes. Inhibiting the activities of the key component in NHEJ commonly enhances the efficiency of targeted gene knockouts or affects growth and development in higher eukaryotes. However, little is known about the roles of the NHEJ pathway in foliar pathogens. Here we identified a gene designated St KU80, which encodes a putative DNA end-binding protein homologous to yeast Ku80, in the foliar pathogen Exserohilum turcicum. Conserved domain analysis showed that the typical domains VWA, Ku78 and Ku-PK-bind are usually present in Ku70/80 proteins in eukaryotes and are also present in St Ku80. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that St Ku80 is most closely related to Ku80(XP_001802136.1) from Parastagonospora nodorum, followed by Ku80(AGF90044.1) from Monascus ruber. Furthermore, the gene knockout mutants ΔSt KU80-1 and ΔSt KU80-2 were obtained. These mutants displayed longer septas, thinner cell walls, smaller amounts of substances on cell wall surfaces, and more mitochondria per cell than the wild-type(WT) strain but similar HT-toxin activity. The mutants did not produce conidia and mature appressoria. On the other hand, the mutants were highly sensitive to H_2O_2, but not to ultraviolet radiation. In summary, the St KU80 plays devious roles in regulating the development of E. turcicum.     

Nonconversion of o,p'-DDT to p,p'-DDT in rats, sheep, chickens, and quail

The finding of appreciable quantities of p,p'-DDT after feeding o,p'-DDT to rats led to the proposal of a theory, that an isomeric metabolic conversion occurs. The presence of p,p'-DDT as an impurity in supposedly pure samples of o,p'-DDT is the correct explanation for the appearance of p,p'-DDT. Purified o,p'-DDT and (14)C-labeled o,p'-DDT yielded no data to support the idea that o,p'-DDT is converted to the p,p'-DDT isomer.