Impacts of biochar and processed poultry manure,applied to a calcareous soil,on the growth of bean and maize

Direct use of poultry manure on agricultural lands may cause environmental concerns, so there is a need to establish the suitability of the application of biochar derived from poultry manure for calcareous soil chemical properties and plant growth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of processed poultry manure (0, 5, 10 and 20 g/kg) and its biochar (0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 g/kg) on soil chemical properties of a calcareous soil and growth of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and maize (Zea mays) plants. In the incubation experiment, both processed poultry manure (PPM) and biochar decreased pH and the concentration of plant‐available Fe of soil but increased plant‐available P, Zn, Cu and Mn concentrations. PPM and biochar increased the concentrations of exchangeable cations (K, Ca and Mg) in soil. PPM and biochar applications increased the growth of maize and bean plants. PPM and biochar resulted in increased concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn in bean plants. In maize plants, PPM and biochar applications increased the N, P, K, Zn, Cu and Mn but decreased the Ca and Mg concentrations. Results of this study reveal that poultry manure biochar can be used effectively for agricultural purposes.     

Effects of biochar and poultry manure on soil properties,growth, yield and quality of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium Schott) grown in sandy soil

ABSTRACT

Field experiments were conducted during the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons, to evaluate the effects of biochar (B) and poultry manure (PM) on soil physical and chemical properties, leaf nutrient concentrations, growth, mineral composition and corm and cormel yield of cocoyam. The experiment each year consisted of 4 × 2 factorial combinations of B (0, 10, 20 and 30 t ha^?1) and PM (0 and 7.5 t ha^?1). Results of the study indicated that in both years, the application of B and PM alone, and in combination, improved soil physical and chemical properties, leaf nutrient concentrations, growth, mineral composition and corm and cormel yield of cocoyam. There was a significant interaction effect of B and PM (B x PM) which was adduced to the ability of the B to increase PM-use efficiency and promote better use of the nutrients in the PM. It was found that combination of 30 t ha^?1 B and 7.5 t ha^?1 PM (B₃₀+ PM_7.5) gave the highest corm and cormel yield of cocoyam compared with other treatments. The combination of 30 t ha^?1 B and 7.5 t ha^?1 PM (B₃₀+ PM_7.5) exhibited the highest impact and is therefore recommended for soil sustainability and cocoyam productivity on sandy soil.     

Effect of phosphorus‐enriched biochar and poultry manure on growth and mineral composition of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv.) grown in alkaline soil

The use of pyrolysis products of manures gives positive effects on soil fertility, crop productivity and soil carbon sequestration. However, effects depend on soil characteristics, plant species and the raw material from which the biochar is derived, and some negative effects of biochar have been reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of poultry manure (PM)‐derived biochar on the growth, and P, N, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn concentration of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plant. The treatments as follows: control, 20 g/kg poultry manure (PM), 20 g/kg phosphorus‐enriched poultry manure (PM+P), 10 g/kg Biochar (B), 10 g/kg Biochar+P (B+P). Application of biochar and PM significantly increased lettuce growth, and P‐enriched forms of PM and biochar gave the higher growth. PM has no significant effect on the N concentrations but biochar and, P‐enriched PM and biochar treatments significantly increased N concentrations. Phosphorus concentration of the lettuce leaves significantly increased by PM and biochar treatments. Plant K concentrations were also increased by PM and biochar, and their P‐enriched forms. Leaf Ca and Mg concentrations were lower in Biochar and B+P treatments than that of PM and PM+P treatments. Compared to control and PM treatments, biochar applications reduced Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu concentrations of the lettuce plants. The results of this study indicated that application of biochar to alkaline soil is beneficial for crop growth and N, P and K nutrition, but it certainly reduced Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn nutrition of lettuce.     

不同热解温度生物质炭对羊粪堆肥过程氮素损失的减控效果

为探讨高温堆肥中氮素损失的有效控制技术,以2种不同热解温度制备的稻壳生物质炭为堆肥添加剂,与羊粪、食用菌渣混合,进行了43 d的堆肥试验。设置了3个处理,羊粪与食用菌渣质量比9:1混合体作为预备物料,在预备物料上分别添加450、650℃热解的生物质炭(占预备物料质量百分比15%)为B1、B2处理,在预备物料上添加未热解的稻壳(与生物质炭等体积)为CK处理。监测了堆肥体的温度、NH₃挥发、N₂O排放、p H值等参数变化动态,分析了不同热解温度生物质炭在堆肥中的保氮效果。结果表明,与对照组相比B1、B2处理促进了堆肥初期的温度快速上升,堆肥体初次升温至55℃所需时间分别较CK缩短了2、6 d,B2处理的促升温、增温效应优于B1处理;堆肥43 d后,CK、B1与B2处理的NH₃挥发累积量分别为378.12、117.22、94.16 mg/kg,N₂O排放累积量分别为13.9、26.3、23.6 mg/kg,氮素损失率分别为47.8%、34.1%,30.5%;与对照组相比B1、B2处理增加了堆肥体N     

Effect of low‐temperature biochar derived from pig manure and poultry litter on mobile and organic matter‐bound forms of Cu,Cd, Pb and Zn in sandy soil

Numerous studies conducted so far have shown that biochar has a significant effect on physical, chemical and biological properties of soils. Biochar can be used to alleviate the effects of soil contamination with organic and inorganic compounds, for instance, to reduce the mobility of heavy metals. The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of pig manure and poultry litter, as well as biochars produced from these materials at a temperature of 300 °C on Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn contents in mobile and organic matter‐bound forms in soil. The research was conducted under laboratory conditions. The materials were introduced into sandy acid soil in doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% w/w. The application of pig manure‐derived biochar (BPM) and poultry litter‐derived biochar (BPL), depending on the amount added, reduced the mobility of copper from 28 to 69%, from 77 to 100% in the case of cadmium, from 94 to 99% in the case of lead, and from 15 to 97% in the case of zinc. The 2% amendment of pig manure (PM) and poultry litter (PL) caused an increase in the content of Cu extracted with NH₄NO₃ in comparison with the control treatment. A similar situation was observed in the case of zinc after the application of 0.5 and 1% amendments of pig manure (PM). Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn contents extracted with 0.025 mol C₁₀H₂₂N₄O₈ were higher than contents of these elements extracted with 1 m NH₄NO₃, mainly due to different extraction force of the extractants. The obtained results indicate that, compared with the content determined in soil from the control treatment, 1 and 2% amendments of both unconverted and thermally converted materials to the soil had a greater effect on contents of Cu, Pb and Zn in the organic matter‐bound fraction than the 0.5% amendment. The organic materials applied did not affect the content of cadmium in organic matter‐bound fraction.     

Effect of wheat and rice straw biochar produced at different temperatures on maize growth and nutrient dynamics of a calcareous soil

The objective of this work was to study the effect of different biochar on alkaline calcareous soil, inherently low in soil organic carbon and fertility. Experiments were conducted in laboratory and greenhouse. Biochar was produced from wheat and rice straws at pyrolysis temperatures of 300°C, 400°C and 500°C (denoted as WSB300, WSB400, WSB500, RSB300, RSB400 and RSB500, respectively). In the first experiment, soil was incubated with biochar (1.0 % w/w) for up to 50 weeks. The results indicate that, WSB300 caused a significant decrease in soil pH and increased the CEC and nutrients (N, P and K) after 50 weeks of incubation. In the second experiment, maize plants were grown in pots containing calcareous soil amended with WSB and RSB for 60 days the results revealed that the application of WSB300 caused a significant increase in shoot (36%) and root (38%) dry matters over the respective control. Moreover, the highest nutrient concentrations (N and P) in shoot and root were observed with the WSB300 compared to other treatments. Therefore, it is concluded that application of wheat straw biochar produced at low temperature (WSB300) could be successfully used to improve soil properties and growth of plants in calcareous soils.     

热解温度对花生壳生物质炭吸附去除水中4-硝基酚的影响

为提升农业废弃物的资源化再利用价值,以花生壳为原料,在不同热解温度(400、500、600℃)下限氧制备花生壳生物质炭(BC400、BC500、BC600),考察其对水中4-硝基酚的吸附效果。生物质炭表面灰分通过酸洗法去除,采用批量吸附试验的方法分析生物质炭对PNP吸附特性的影响,并结合元素分析、扫描电镜及红外光谱图方法,探讨热解温度对生物质炭吸附水中PNP特性的影响。结果表明,生物质炭总产量随温度升高而降低,其含碳量随温度升高逐渐增加;生物质炭中含氧官能团随温度的升高而减少,芳香性增强,有利于对有机物的吸附。吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型,线性拟合很好,R2在0.954～0.991之间;对比伪二级动力学模型、Elovich模型、颗粒内扩散模型可知,吸附过程与伪二级吸附动力学模型拟合效果最佳, R2在0.981～0.999之间,平衡吸附量随热解温度升高而增大,BC600BC500BC400,BC600的吸附容量为34.48 mg/g,是BC400的2.25倍。以NaOH为解吸剂,当NaOH质量浓度为1.0 mg/L时对4-硝基酚的解吸效率最高,为68.21%,可见生物质炭的再生利用具有一定的可行性。因此,高温制备的花生壳生物质炭可作为去除4-硝基酚的良好功能材料。     

Alterations in yield,physicochemical components and mineral composition of onion following organic manure and inorganic nitrogen application

Onion is the one of the most important vegetable crops grown extensively throughout the world; hence, understanding the response of the crop to the form and amount of N provided is of immense importance. In a field experiment, poultry and cattle manure (at 10?t/ha) were compared with four inorganic nitrogen (N) application levels (0, 60, 90 and 120?kg?N/ha), and six combinations of manure and N applications were investigated. Plant growth and total yield (kg/ha) significantly increased, when N application increased from 0 to 120?kg/ha, with or without added poultry manure. Plant height, leaf number and neck thickness were significantly reduced at 0?kg/ha?N plus cattle manure. The bulb ascorbic acid concentration significantly increased with the use of poultry manure (15.94?mg/100?g) and cattle manure (15.94?mg/100?g), compared with 120?kg/ha inorganic N (11.42?mg/100?g). No significant effects were observed on total phenolics and total soluble solids of onion bulbs following the different fertiliser treatments. Cattle manure increased P and K concentrations, whilst poultry manure significantly increased Zn and Fe concentrations in onion bulbs. Onion bulb Ca and Mg concentrations were lower when cattle manure (0.19% and 0.12%) was used than when other organic or inorganic fertilisers were used. Therefore, organic manure increases the concentrations of certain minerals in onions, compared with inorganic N application, without negatively affecting bulb size.     

麦秸生物炭添加对猪粪中温厌氧发酵产气特性的影响

为探明不同热解温度生物炭添加对猪粪中温厌氧消化产气的影响,以400、500、600℃热解制成的麦秸生物炭（BC400、BC500、BC600）为研究对象,采用批次发酵试验,探讨了生物炭添加对猪粪中温（37±1）℃厌氧发酵产气特性的影响。研究结果表明：麦秸热解生物炭可显著（P<0.05）提高猪粪发酵系统的产气潜力和甲烷含量,其影响从大到小依次为BC600>BC500>BC400。厌氧发酵49 d期间,添加生物炭处理的产气量和产甲烷量分别为260.7~288.7 mL·g-1 VS和163.7~185.5 mL·g-1 VS,较纯猪粪处理提高了77.1%~96.1%和78.1%~101.8%。同时,添加生物炭可明显提高猪粪厌氧发酵系统的消化效率（T90）,缩短厌氧发酵的延滞期。不同热解温度麦秸生物炭对猪粪厌氧消化产气特征的影响明显不同,对畜禽养殖场沼气工程运行中的物料选择和条件优化有实际的指导意义。     

Effect of acid modification of biochar on nutrient availability and maize growth in a calcareous soil

The nutritional quality of acid‐modified poultry manure biochar is unclear, so a better understanding of its properties and agronomic potential is needed. The biochar was modified with phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) and nitric acid (HNO₃) and a combination of the two, before and after pyrolysis. After characterization of biochar samples and determination of total and water‐soluble mineral element concentrations, biochars were applied to a calcareous soil at a rate of 0.5% (w/w) to find out their effects on the mineral nutrition and growth of maize. Treatment with H₃PO₄+ HNO₃ enriches the biochar with phosphate, nitro groups and nitrate. The experimental results suggested that biochar modified with HNO₃ and/or HNO₃+H₃PO₄ after pyrolysis increased the water‐soluble phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) concentrations and increased plant‐available nutrients and plant growth by positively affecting the absorption of plant nutrients. The highest plant dry weight was obtained from biochar post‐treated with HNO₃+H₃PO_4, and this was followed by HNO₃‐ and H₃PO₄‐modified biochars. Premodification with HNO₃+H₃PO4 also significantly increased plant dry weights. The results of this study revealed that poultry manure biochar modified with HNO₃ and H₃PO₄ can be used effectively in calcareous soil for the improvement of plant mineral nutrition.     

不同温度条件粪秆结构配比及尿素、纤维素酶对沼气产量的影响

提高农村户用沼气的产气量和秸秆等农业废弃物利用效率,是当前循环农业领域面临的主要问题。通过利用自行设计的可控性厌氧发酵装置,在室内模拟农村户用沼气发酵过程,研究在不同温度条件下作物秸秆和禽畜粪便配比以及添加尿素和纤维酶对沼气产量的影响。结果表明,20～35℃范围内,粪秆配比的产气量随温度升高而升高。35℃条件下,2.5 kg料液发酵50 d,鸡粪和秸秆配比（干物质量比）以2︰1的产气量高于其它粪秆比例,其中鸡粪与玉米秆2︰1(干物质量比)总产气量最高,达51120 mL。在发酵中期（发酵后28 d）,向2.5 kg发酵料液中添加2.5 g尿素和2.0 g纤维素酶,均显著提高沼气产量,平均增加99.8%和40.8%,且鸡粪与麦秆2︰1配比产气量增幅最大,分别为261.2%,117.3%。研究20℃粪秆厌氧发酵环境pH值动态变化,表明其呈动态变化,发酵初期pH值平均为6.8,发酵中期平均为6.4,随后缓慢回升至6.6。因此,适宜的温度,合理的秸秆配比、添加一定量酶和尿素是提高产气量的有效措施。     

The interactive effects of biochar and cow manure on rice growth and selected properties of salt-affected soil

Salt-affected soil induces detrimental influences on paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and ameliorating the influences could be done with organic amendments, such as animal manure and biochar. The aims of the current study are: (1) to examine the interactive effects of biochar and cow manure on rice growth and on selected properties of salt-affected soil, and (2) to identify potential mechanisms related to the amendments. Saline-sodic soil was used for a net house experiment with two experimental factors: biochar (no-biochar, rice-husk, and -straw biochar) and cow manure (with and without cow manure). Without the manure, addition of both rice-hush and – straw biochar significantly increased rice growth, whereas a combination of individual biochar with manure did not show a positive synergistic effect. The interactive effect of two factors was not significant on available P and exchangeable K concentrations, but the main effects of the two factors were significant. Biochar addition resulted in higher soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) (28.8 to 29.0 cmol_c kg^?1) than the control (25.6 cmol_c kg^?1), but manure addition did not. Improved nutrient availabilities such as P and K, as well as CEC are among the potential mechanisms accounting for the enhanced rice growth with biochar.     

长期施用化肥和农家肥对土壤化学性质和作物产量的影响

A long-term fertiliztion experiment was carried out in an experimental field in Lyczyn near Warsaw,Poland.Application ofmineral fertilizers ,especially Nfertilizer with and without farmyard manure accel-erated the eacidification process of the soil.Application of 1.6 t CaO ha^-1 every four years was essential to maintenance of the soil pHKCl at 5.5-6.6 and base saturation degree above 60% Application of 50 t farmyard manur ha^-1 every 4 years,whih contained 46 kg P and 240 kg K,was sufficient to maintain boh the K and P fertility of the soil.Besides,it was beneficial to alleviating soil acidifcation. As a result of long-term unbalanced fertilization,yield responses to N,P and K fertilizers incereased significantly with time.the efficiency of N from farmyard manure was found to be comparable to that of N fertilizer during 1988-1991.     

处理温度对橡胶园覆盖绿肥种子萌发的影响

为明确不同绿肥种子萌发的最佳处理温度,以常温水为对照,采用初始温度为60、65、70、75、80、85、90℃的热水对在橡胶园具有良好适生性的12种覆盖绿肥种子进行处理,以研究不同处理温度对橡胶园覆盖绿肥种子萌发的影响。结果表明:柱花草种经常温水处理后的发芽势和发芽率均最高,升高处理水温均能明显提高其余11种绿肥种子的发芽势和发芽率。毛蔓豆、圆叶决明种子的最佳发芽处理温度为85℃,大叶千斤拔种子为80℃,刺毛黧豆种子为75℃,爪哇葛藤、钝叶决明种子为70℃,铺地木蓝种子为65℃,印尼乌绿豆、十一叶木蓝、长果猪屎豆、决明种子为60℃。     

Performance of biochar derived from Cymbopogon winterianus waste at two temperatures on soil properties and growth of Bacopa monneri

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of biochar derived from the distilled waste of Cymbopogon winterianus at two different pyrolysis temperatures (450°C and 850°C) on the chemical and biological properties of sandy loamy soil (SLS) and its subsequent impact on plant growth. Pot experiments utilizing Bacopa monnieri were performed in a greenhouse with four different application rates of biochar (2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% (w/w)) for 120 days. Biochar induced alterations in soil properties (nutrients, enzymes, and microbes) and plant responses (yield, biocide and antioxidant content) to biochar addition were measured. Biochar application, notably improved the soil carbon, cation exchange capacity, and the availability of NH₄ ⁺ and phosphorus. Initially, biochar produced at the lower temperature had more effect on the available nitrogen, phosphorus, soil enzymatic properties, and plant biomass growth. After 120 days, the pyrolysis temperature had only a marginal influence on biochar-induced effects on soil pH, WHC, and soil enzymatic activities. Our results suggest that C. winterianus derived biochar amendment leads to an overall amelioration of soil fertility and plant growth improvement. In specific biochar produced at lower temperatures (450°C) was more effective for improvement of plant biomass and soil characteristics.     

不同来源生物质废弃物热解炭化农业应用潜力分析:生物质炭产率、性质及促生效应

  【目的】  中国农业生物质废弃物种类多、数量大,且存在病原菌、农药和抗生素残留等潜在生态和环境风险。热解炭化作为一种废弃物的安全处理方法,其生物质炭的循环得率、性质及其土壤改良和促进作物生长的效应还需系统的比较研究。  【方法】  本研究选取作物生产来源的原生生物质、养殖业来源的次生生物质、食品加工处理的残余生物质等共26种生物质废弃物原料,在同一条件下炭化,分析不同来源原料热解后生物质炭产出率与性质。以小白菜 (Brassica campestris L. ssp.) 为试材进行盆栽试验,研究生物质炭对作物生长及土壤改良效应,进而评估这些废弃物炭化农业循环的应用潜力。  【结果】  供试26种废弃物炭化后的生物质炭产出率介于22%～71%,有机碳循环回收率介于22%～81%,氮素循环回收率介于21%～67%。26种废弃物生物质炭的pH和阳离子交换量差异较小 (变异系数10%左右),总有机碳、氮、水分、灰分含量等差异较大,变异系数在60%～70%;而不同原料生物质炭的电导率和溶解性有机碳含量变化极大,变异系数大于90%。生物质炭盆栽试验中,生物炭添加1%,小白菜生物量提升效应介于–34%～314%,变异系数大于100%;小白菜品质提升效应介于–14%～228%,变异系数为59%;土壤肥力提升效应介于20%～360%,特别是土壤有效磷含量提升幅度在0～24倍,均值为359%。同时,生物质炭产出率与生物质炭中灰分呈显著正相关,生物质炭的碳氮回收率与原料中碳氮含量呈显著正相关;不同原料热解炭化的质量回收率、碳氮回收率与小白菜产量及品质等指标间变化差异较大,在小白菜产量效应和品质效应间,部分生物质炭存在抵消作用,而另一部分生物质炭表现为协同作用。  【结论】  综合考虑热解炭化的生物质炭化循环率及碳氮回收循环率和土壤质量–植物生长协同提升效应,供试26种原料中,蚕砂、稻壳牛粪、骨粉、双孢菇渣、兔粪、羊粪和玉米渣的炭化循环率和土壤质量–植物生长协同提升幅度较高 (> 50%),为优先炭化农业利用的生物质废弃物;而木糖渣、稻壳粉、椰渣、高粱酒渣、核桃皮、蚓粪和红茶渣等废弃物热解炭化,因炭化循环率较低,或者土壤质量–植物生长提升的不一致效应,认为不宜炭化农业利用;而其余废弃物热解炭化后的效应介于上述两类之间,具有较高的炭化循环率和一定程度的土壤质量–植物生长协同提升效应,属于可炭化农业利用的生物质废弃物。     

有机肥替代部分无机肥对华北农田土壤理化特性、酶活性及作物产量的影响

以华北平原农田土壤为研究对象,2012~2015年连续4年研究了有机肥替代部分无机肥对土壤中养分含量、土壤酶活性和作物产量的影响。结果表明：1)0.3M处理(70％无机肥＋3000 kg/hm2有机肥)和0.5 M处理(50％无机肥＋6000 kg/hm2有机肥)与NPK处理(单施无机肥)相比都提高了土壤中全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量,且0.5 M高于0.3 M,说明有机肥替代无机肥的比例越高,土壤中全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量就越高。2)土壤中脲酶活性大小顺序NPK>0.3 M>0.5 M>CK,蔗糖酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性为0.5 M>0.3 M>NPK,说明有机肥可以显著提高蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性。3)小麦4年累计产量0.3 M处理比NPK处理提高5.95％,0.5 M处理比NPK处理降低0.94％,;玉米4年累计产量则是0.3 M比NPK处理降低1.27％,0.5 M处理比NPK处理降低2.00％。综上所述,本研究表明,有机肥替代30％无机肥处理能够保证粮食产量,有机肥替代50％无机肥处理更能提高土壤肥力。     

Effects of biochar,urea and their co‐application on nitrogen mineralization in soil and growth of Chinese cabbage

Experiments were conducted to study the effect of soil applications of kunai grass (Imperata cylindrica) biochar (0 and 10 t/ha) and laboratory grade urea (0, 200 and 500 kg N/ha) and their co‐application on nitrogen (N) mineralization in an acid soil. The results of an incubation study showed that the biochar only treatment and co‐application with urea at 200 kg N/ha could impede transformation of urea to ammonium‐N (NH₄⁺‐N). Soil application of biochar together with urea at 500 kg N/ha produced the highest nitrate‐N (NO₃^?‐N) and mineral N concentrations in the soil over 90 days. Co‐application of urea N with biochar improved soil N mineralization parameters such as mineralization potential (N_A) and coefficient of mineralization rate (k) compared to biochar alone. In a parallel study performed under greenhouse conditions, Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis L.) showed significantly greater (P < 0.05) marketable fresh weight, dry matter production and N uptake in soil receiving urea N at 500 kg/ha or co‐application of biochar with urea N compared to the control. Application of biochar only or urea only at 200 kg N/ha did not offer any short‐term agronomic advantages. The N use efficiency of the crop remained unaffected by the fertilizer regimes. Applications of biochar only at 10 t/ha did not offer benefits in this tropical acid soil unless co‐applied with sufficient urea N.     

河西绿洲灌区玉米与绿肥间作模式对作物产量和经济效益的影响

通过田间试验,研究河西绿洲灌区玉米与绿肥间作模式对作物产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明,3行玉米间作2行针叶豌豆时的玉米生物产量和籽粒产量均为最高,分别高于对应的不间作绿肥处理0.2%和0.95%,但差异不显著。2行玉米间作3行毛苕子时的绿肥干草产量最高,2年的平均产量为3 901kg·hm-2,显著高于其它处理。2行玉米间作3行针叶豌豆时的绿肥豆类籽粒产量最高,2年的平均产量为2 225 kg·hm-2,同样显著高于其它处理。3行玉米间作3行针叶豌豆时的经济效益最高,为35 038元·hm-2,比2行玉米不间作绿肥处理每公顷增值7 848元,增收28.86%,比3行玉米不间作绿肥处理每公顷增值5 853元,增收20.05%。因此,在河西绿洲灌区进行玉米种植时,若以收获玉米籽粒为主,则适宜采用3行玉米间作2行针叶豌豆种植模式;若以经济效益为主,则适宜采用3行玉米间作3行针叶豌豆的种植模式。