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蜜蜂生物学研究发现蜂巢花粉才是蜜蜂真正的食物。蜂巢花粉是蜜蜂将自身唾液、蜂蜜与植物花粉之间的一种完美组合,蜜蜂其幼虫缺食蜂巢花粉就不能健全羽化。通过蜂花粉、蜂巢花粉、仿生蜂巢花粉(均为油菜花粉)对比研究,发现仿生蜂巢花粉中的活性物质含量高于蜂花粉、蜂巢花粉的含量;蜂花粉精油中含有12种脂肪酸,其收率10.99%;蜂花粉精华素中黄酮含量较高(其中蜂花粉精华素收率达到29.40%、总黄酮为6.45%、总多糖为37.08%)外,还含有大量的活性成分,如山柰酚等。蜂花粉的化学成分包括活性物质较为复杂,未来开发应以蜂花粉精油、蜂花粉精华素(蜂花粉总黄酮等)等产品的精加工为方向。 相似文献
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黄花蒿提取物生产工艺条件及其对乳中共轭亚油酸 《畜牧与饲料科学》2016,37(2):47-47
黄花蒿乙醇提取物含有多种营养活性物质,主要包括萜类、倍半萜类、芳香族类、脂肪酸类、甾体类、黄酮类、生物碱类等化合物。反刍动物日粮中添加黄花蒿乙醇提取物能够增加其乳中共轭亚油酸(CLA)含量。综述了黄花蒿乙醇提取物的主要营养活性物质、提取工艺条件、营养活性物质的检测方法及黄花蒿提取物在动物日粮中的适宜添加量,旨在为生产CLA乳提供参考。 相似文献
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为了在体外研究紫花地丁黄酮类提取物抗鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV—M41)的作用,以鸡胚肾细胞为宿主细胞,阿昔洛韦为阳性对照药物,通过观察细胞病变效应(CPE)与空斑减数试验测定紫花地丁黄酮类提取物抗IBV活性,计算其IC50与治疗指数,并从药物对病毒的直接灭活作用、对病毒吸附的影响及对病毒穿膜的影响3个方面初探紫花地丁黄酮类提取物抗IBV活性的机理。结果:紫花地丁黄酮类提取物能明显抑制IBV的致病变作用,其IC50为16.52mg/L,TI值为15.76。研究显示,紫花地丁黄酮类提取物在体外对IBV直接灭活的效果明显,在高浓度时对抑制IBV吸附与穿入细胞具有一定作用。结果表明:紫花地丁黄酮类提取物在体外有明显的抗IBV感染作用,且主要是通过直接灭活IBV而发挥作用。 相似文献
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油菜花粉和茶花粉是目前市场上销售量最大的两种蜂花粉,也是作为蜜蜂饲料的两种主要蜂花粉。为了探明不同产地油菜花粉和茶花粉的营养价值,在苏、浙、皖、鄂、青、新等地采集油菜花粉和茶花粉样本,于农业部饲料效价与安全监督检验测试中心(北京)按标准方法分别测定花粉样本中的氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物质含量,并进行对比分析。结果发现:不同产地的两种蜂花粉均含有18种氨基酸,氨基酸之和占花粉总量的19。83~25.59%,氨基酸组成合理,必需氨基酸(EAA)与总氨基酸(TAA)之比,即EAA/TAA值均大于40%;不同产地花粉样本中的脂肪酸种类和含量差别较大,多不饱脂肪酸(PUFA)与饱和脂肪酸(SFA)相对含量的比值(即PUFA/SFA值)范围为1.39~1.80,以江苏盱眙油菜花粉的PUFA/SFA值最高(1.80);对于花粉样本测定了10种矿物质,每种矿物质的含量均随蜂花粉产地的不同而存在差异。 相似文献
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随着保健养生的意识的增强,人们于利用蜜蜂相关产品的基础上,逐渐地了解且接触并开始应用蜂花粉。蜂花粉中的多酚类及黄酮类化合物提供了良好的抗氧化活性,对人类的健康有很大的益处,可减少人体被自由基攻击。蜂花粉的成分及香气亦会因花粉来源不同而有很大的差异,本研究将针对常见的几种蜂花粉产品进行抗氧化活性测试并比较之间的差异性。在此分别针对油菜花粉、花莲百草花粉、蒲盐花粉、茶花粉、松花粉、含羞草花粉、云林百草花粉等7种不同蜂花粉产品进行抗氧化测试包含清除DPPH自由基能力、清除氢氧自由基能力、清除超氧自由基能力、抑制亚麻油酸能力及还原力等抗氧化活性方法测试,并分析其总蛋白质含量及总酚类含量。结果显示,不同蜂花粉产品因花粉源、制程或加工不同,总酚类含量即不同,进而影响了抗氧化活性之表现。其中以油菜花粉、花莲百草花粉及蒲盐花粉于多项抗氧化能力测定下,具有较佳之抗氧化性效能。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献