辑里湖丝

一@张涛$安徽省合肥蚕种场!230031@张涛$安徽省合肥蚕种场!230031@张涛$安徽省合肥蚕种场!230031@张涛$安徽省合肥蚕种场!230031@张涛$安徽省合肥蚕种场!230031@张涛$安徽省合肥蚕种场!230031@张涛$安徽省合肥蚕种场!230031@张涛$安徽省合肥蚕种场!230031@张涛$安徽省合肥蚕种场!230031@张涛$安徽省合肥蚕种场!230031@张涛$安徽省合肥蚕种场!230031@张涛$安徽省合肥蚕种场!230031@张涛$安徽省合肥蚕种场!230031@张涛$安徽省合肥蚕种场!230031@张涛$安徽省合肥蚕种场!230031@张涛$安徽省合肥蚕种场!230031@张涛$安徽省合肥蚕种场!230031@张涛…     

通用酶制剂对仔猪日粮养分消化率的影响

通用酶制剂对仔猪日粮养分消化率的影响$中国农业科学院畜牧研究所@顾宪红 $中国农业科学院畜牧研究所@孟晓山 $中国农业科学院畜牧研究所@李升生 $中国农业科学院畜牧研究所@林晨 $中国农业科学院畜牧研究所@赵向红 $河南科技大学农学部动物科技学院@王占彬     

我国畜牧业生产状况大观

~~我国畜牧业生产状况大观@范梅华 @程军波 @王晓峰     

石香薷主要抗菌成分提取工艺的研究

~~石香薷主要抗菌成分提取工艺的研究$邵阳学院生物工程系@王放银 $邵阳学院生物工程系@段林东 $邵阳学院生物工程系@赵良忠 $邵阳学院生物工程系@谭宝秀 $浙江建德维丰饲料有限公司@洪作鹏 $浙江建德维丰饲料有限公司@彭辉     

天津市四个奶牛场不同班次所产牛奶乳蛋白率的测定分析

天津市四个奶牛场不同班次所产牛奶乳蛋白率的测定分析$天津市奶牛育种站@窦红@田雨泽@郝建国@刘景喜...     

人工瘤胃发酵调控技术研究进展

~~人工瘤胃发酵调控技术研究进展$安徽农业大学@吴宏忠!邮编:230036 $安徽农业大学@张伟力!邮编:230036 $中国科技大学@胡真虎 $中国科技大学@余汗清     

笼养鸡口服给药新方法

笼养鸡口服给药新方法@李富金!齐鲁动物保健品250100 @田明雨!齐鲁动物保健品250100 @张家祥!齐鲁动物保健品250100 @禚宝山!齐鲁动物保健品250100     

中国实验动物科学发展中存在的问题与对策

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蛋鸡产蛋下降的原因分析与对策

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对牡丹江市实施畜牧科技示范带建设的思考

对牡丹江市实施畜牧科技示范带建设的思考@陈喜庆$牡丹江市铁路兽医卫生段!黑龙江牡丹江157000 @项玉林$牡丹江市铁路兽医卫生段!黑龙江牡丹江157000 @王英伟$牡丹江市铁路兽医卫生段!黑龙江牡丹江157000 @张岩$牡丹江市铁路兽医卫生段!黑龙江牡丹江157000 @周长龄     

利用析因法测定产蛋鸡必需氨基酸需要量、模式及模型

本研究是3期饲养试验内容的概括和总结，目的是使所建立的估测产蛋鸡必需氨基酸（EAA）需要模型具有广泛的适应性和准确性。对394只罗曼蛋鸡的试验数据进行多元回归分析。根据食入的每个EAA（主要包括赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸、苏氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、胱氨酸、酪氨酸）与产蛋、维持和增量所需的相应EAA的回归关系，测定相应的回归系数，建立了估测每个EAA需要的数学模型，可估测产蛋鸡在任何生产条件下每个EAA的需要量及模式。另外．本试验还建立了指数曲线模型（R2为0．71），唐它来描述食入EAA与产蛋量间的关系比较恰当，不过，用来估测产蛋鸡EAA需要量时，其估测值与实测值的吻合度没有桥因法好（R2为0．80）。     

Quantitative review of optimum amino acid intakes for young laying pullets

Data relating egg output to daily intakes of lysine, methionine, tryptophan, isoleucine and valine have been analysed using both published and unpublished sources. Amino acid requirements in mg/d for individual pullets were estimated by the following equations: (Table: see text) where E = egg output in g/d and W = body weight in kg. Response curves for flocks of pullets were calculated using the Reading model and optimum intakes were derived for various body weights, egg outputs and ratios of input costs to output values. Estimates of amino acid maintenance requirements were related to reported values for the adult cockerel and the amino acid requirement for egg output was related to the digestibility of amino acids and the composition of egg protein. Procedures are suggested for deriving response coefficients for other essential amino acids.     

30～38周龄产蛋鸡理想氨基酸模式的研究

本试验旨在通过4个剂量-反应试验,研究30～38周龄产蛋鸡对赖氨酸(Lys)、蛋氨酸(Met)、色氨酸(Trp)和苏氨酸(Thr)4种必需氨基酸(AA)的需要量及其比例.每个试验均采用360只海兰灰产蛋鸡,设5个处理,分别采食5个AA梯度水平的试验饲粮,每个处理6个重复,每个重复12只鸡.采用蛋公鸡回肠食糜法测定饲料原料的标准回肠可消化(SID)值.试验预试期14 d,正试期56 d.结果表明:海兰灰产蛋鸡的产蛋率、蛋重、日产蛋量和料蛋比与SIDLys、SID Met、SID Trp和SID Thr的摄入水平均有较好的折线回归关系;以日产蛋量为自变量(x),AA摄入水平为依变量(Y)分别建立的回归方程为:YSID Lys=51.60-0.041 6(682.5-x),R2=0.96;YsID Met=51.43-0.085(314.1-x),R2 =0.95;YSID Trp =51.17-0.155 4(163.0-x),R2=0.97;YsID Thr=52.85-0.057 6(499.5-x),R2=0.93.在饲粮粗蛋白质12.8％的条件下,以日产蛋量为参照指标确定的30 ～ 38周龄产蛋鸡的SID Lys、SID Met、SID Trp和SID Thr需要量分别为684、313、171和506 mg/(只·d).以日产蛋量为指标建立的30～38周龄产蛋鸡理想SID AA模式为:Lys:Met:Trp:Thr=100∶46∶24∶73.     

Efficiency of amino acid utilization in the growing pig at suboptimal levels of intake: lysine, threonine, sulphur amino acids and tryptophan

A series of N balance experiments using growing pigs was conducted to study the efficiency of utilization of lysine, threonine, sulphur amino acids and tryptophan and to estimate their maintenance requirements. Purified diets based on casein and crystalline amino acids as the sole source of N contained graded levels of each amino acid, corresponding to expected protein accretion rate of 0, 33, 66, 99 and 132 g/day, respectively. N retention increased linearly (p < 0.01) as the dietary concentration of the limiting amino acid increased. Based on linear regression equations relating amino acid deposition in body protein to amino acid intake, marginal efficiencies of ileal digestible amino acid utilization were calculated to be lysine 0.91, threonine 0.83, sulphur amino acids 0.85 and tryptophan 0.66. Extrapolating the regression equations to zero N retention, the daily requirements of amino acids for N equilibrium were estimated to be (mg/kg(0.75)) lysine 39, threonine 49, sulphur amino acids 46 and tryptophan 16.     

蚕卵氨基酸和总糖含量及其与卵质关系初探

本研究测定了家蚕卵中氨基酸种类和含量及蚕卵中总糖含量,并初步探讨了与卵质的关系。     

5～110kg猪可消化氢基酸需要量与平衡

综述了猪饲料氨基酸消化率的测定方法;综合了80年代以来积累的大量猪饲料氨基酸消化率测定数据;对近20多年的70次猪氨基酸需要量试验研究资料进行分析、处理;推荐了5～10、10～20、20～50、50～110kg猪可消化赖氨酸、蛋氡酸+胱氨酸、苏氨酸和色氨酸需要量及其平衡关系。同时,论述了猪“理想蛋白质”的氨基酸平衡模式。     

低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对黄羽肉种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、孵化性能和氮排放的影响

本试验旨在研究低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对黄羽肉种鸡生产性能、蛋品质、孵化性能和氮排放的影响.选用30周龄健康的快大型岭南黄羽肉种母鸡288只,根据体重和产蛋率相近原则,随机分为4个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡.各组饲粮粗蛋白质(CP)水平分别为16％(对照组)、15％、14％、13％,各组的赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸、...     

Amino acid nutrition in egg production industry

The egg production industry is facing various problems that need to be solved. For amino acid nutrition to achieve scientific and economical feeding of laying hens, it is necessary to elucidate the content, digestibility, or availability of nutrients of feedstuffs and feeds and the requirement of amino acids for laying hens. In addition, improvement to quality of eggs and meat of spent hens, methods of management and development of new feedstuffs are essential. For sustainable animal production, decrease in excreta and animal welfare should be studied. The real‐time determination of content and digestibility of amino acids in feedstuffs are essential for formation of feeds. Recent advances in the near infrared reflectance analysis will be able to determine the content, digestibility and availability of nutrients in feedstuffs and feeds, if we have a supplemental amount of conventional analysis to define the calibration population. The amino acid requirements are affected by various factors. Therefore the method to quickly and exactly determine amino acid requirements in response to various factors is necessary. By using plasma free amino acid concentration as a criterion, it is possible to determine amino acid requirements in various conditions of laying hens within a short experimental period, repeatedly using the same animals. Because the amino acid requirements differ among individual animals, it should be expressed as grams per hen per day. Practically, it is impossible to formulate various feeds for individual hens. The various expressions have been developed and these expressions have advantages and disadvantages. The nitrogen excretion of laying hens is easily reduced by reducing dietary nitrogen levels and restricting the feed intake. The availability of amino acid may be improved by feeding management, and supplementing enzyme, but the quality of eggs and meat of spent hens and welfare of laying hens are not affected by amino acid nutrition.     

15N-labelled lysine in colostomized laying hens. 4. Incorporation of 15N-lysine into various amino acids of egg yolk and white

Each of three colostomized laying hens received per os 0.2% L-Lysine with 48 atom-% 15N-excess (15N') labelled in alpha-position in addition to a pelleted laying hen ration of 120 g over a period of 4 days. On the following 4 days they received equal amounts of unlabelled lysine. The eggs laid during the 8 days of the experiment were separated into the white of egg, the yolk and the eggshell, and the to and heavy nitrogen in the individual fractions were determined. Above that, 17 amino acids and their atom-%15N' were determined in the 19 samples of the white and yolk of egg. Of the total 15N' from the lysine fed in the 4 days, 10.1% were found in the yolk, 10.5% in the white of egg and 1.1% in the eggshells of the eggs laid during the 8 days of the experiment. 85% of the total amino acid-15N' of the yolk and 86% of the white of egg detected to be lysine-15N'. The 15N'-amount of the other 16 amino acids was mainly concentrated in the two acid and basic amino acids. Approximately 50% of the non-lysine 15N' in the egg are contained in aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine and arginine. A very low incorporation of the labelled lysine only could be detected in the aromatic and sulphur-containing amino acids from both the yolk and the white of egg. 43% of the 15N' was detected in the 10 essential and semi-essential (except lysine) and 57% in the 6 non-essential amino acids of the yolk and 52% and 48% resp. of the white of egg. One can summarize that the incorporation of 15N' into the egg shows the same development as that of the labelled amino acids of the wheat protein and that 15% of the lysine-15N' could be detected in the 16 other amino acids.     

Studies on the incorporation of 14 C-labelled amino acids into egg proteins

The incorporation of ¹⁴C‐labelled amino acids into egg white and yolk proteins has been studied. When the labelled amino acids were given intravenously as a hydrolysate of [U‐¹⁴C]‐protein from Chlorella, 10 per cent and 7 per cent of the ¹⁴G were recovered in the whites and yolks respectively of the first nine eggs laid. Differences in the specific activities of the conalbumin, the ovalbumins, ovomucoid, “postalbumins “ and lysozyme, isolated from the first active egg, were related to differences in amino acid composition. The specific activity of each amino acid prepared from the proteins was similar between different proteins, although within each protein specific activities of different amino acids varied widely. The proportionate rate of decrease of specific activity in the plasma of amino acids essential for egg production (except glycine) was constant or almost so, but it rapidly decreased for the non‐essential ones (except serine and proline). The specific activities of the amino acids, excepting aspartic and glutamic acids, in each protein were proportional to their mean specific activities in the plasma throughout the 24‐h period in which the egg white proteins were synthesised. It is concluded that these different proteins are synthesised from a shared amino acid pool, derived from plasma, at a rate which probably remains constant throughout the egg‐laying cycle and which is proportional to their content in the albumen.