重庆地区家畜附红细胞体分子流行病学调查及危险性因素

本试验对重庆地区牛、猪和羊附红细胞体进行分子流行病学调查及危险性因素分析。在2006—2008年期间,采用鲜血压片法、姬姆萨染色法和基于16SrRNA-PCR方法,共检测了307头份牛血样,检测阳性率分别为46%、48%和11%;检测猪血样1 658头份,检测阳性率分别为63%、68%和76%;检测羊血样1 191份,检测阳性率分别为61%、70.4%和16.1%。危险性因素分析结果显示,山区牛附红细胞体感染阳性率极显著高于丘陵地区(OR=16.03,95%CI=5.47～17.11)(P<0.01),山区猪和山羊附红细胞体感染阳性率显著高于丘陵地区(猪:OR=1.38,95%CI=1.06～1.79;羊:OR=1.43,95%CI=0.54～3.82)(P<0.05)。农户散养牛和猪的附红细胞体感染阳性率极显著高于规模化养殖(牛:OR=3.2,95%CI=1.48～6.89;猪:OR=2.28,95%CI=1.79～2.89)(P<0.01)。农户散养山羊附红细胞体感染阳性率高于规模化养殖场(OR=1.19,95%CI=1.09～1.54)(P>0.05),但差异不显著。     

奶牛附红细胞体病的流行病学调查

采用镜检法检测奶牛颈静脉血附红细胞体感染情况，共检测４个奶牛场１２８头奶牛，发现４个奶牛场的奶牛均有不同程度的感染，平均感染率为５８．５９％，抽查了７对母牛及其新生犊牛颈静脉血进行垂直传播调查，结果其中５对母，犊牛同时检出附红体。对抗凝血中奶牛附红体进行４℃保存试验，观察到６６份保存３０天后仍有活力；用奶牛附红体阳性抗凝血人工感染２５份阴性抗凝血，４℃冰箱保存，２天一观察到阴性抗凝血全部变为阳性，     

奶牛附红细胞体病的流行病学调查

采用镜检法检测奶牛颈静脉血附红细胞体（附红体）感染情况,共检测４个奶牛场１２８头奶牛,发现均有不同程度的感染,平均洒率为５８．５９％;抽查７对母牛及其析生犊牛颈静脉血进行垂直传播调查,结果其中５对母、犊牛同时检出附红体对抗凝血中奶牛附红体进行４℃冰箱保存试验,观察到６６份保存３０天后仍有活力;用奶牛附红体阳性抗因人工感染２５份阴性抗凝血,４℃冰箱存２天后观察到阴性抗凝血全部变为阳性,１４天后转为强     

奶牛附红细胞体病的流行病学调查

采用镜检法检测奶牛颈静脉血附红细胞体（附红体）感染情况，共检测４个奶牛场１２８头奶牛，发现４个奶牛场的奶牛均有不同程度的感染，平均感染率为５８．５９％（７５／１２８）；抽查７对母牛及其新生犊牛颈静脉血进行垂直传播调查，结果其中５对母、犊同时检出附红体。对抗凝血中奶牛附红体进行４℃冰箱保存试验，观察到６６份保存３０天后仍有活力；用奶牛附红体阳性抗凝血人工感染２５份阴性抗凝血，４℃冰箱保存，２天后观察到阴性抗凝血全部变为阳性，１５天后观察转为强阳性。     

猪附红细胞体病流行病学调查及防治

近年来 ,我县的永北、金官、梁官、期纳、程海等镇相继发生猪附红细胞体病 ,不仅影响了养猪业的健康发展 ,而且也给广大的养殖户造成了很大的经济损失。为了摸清该病的流行情况 ,研究相应的防治对策 ,今年对上述 5镇进行了猪附红细胞体病流行病学调查。1　调查范围及内容在金官、梁官、期纳、程海、永北 5镇各镇农户中随机抽查 10 0户养殖户 ,共 5 0 0户所饲养的猪的附红细胞体病猪的发病数、发病史、临床症状、剖检变化及治疗情况等 ,并在这些病猪采集疑似病猪血样 2 5 0份。2　调查结果2 1　实验室诊断结果　 2 5 0份病猪血样 ,制成涂片 …     

猪附红细胞体病流行病学调查及防治

笔者在《兽医科技杂志》1 982年第 2期发表了“在红皮病猪血液内发现大量附红细胞体病初报”一文后 ,对该病的流行病学进行了深入的调查研究 ,进一步认为 ,猪红皮病就是猪附红细胞体 ( E.suis)病 ,以下简称附胞体病。近几年 ,又发现蚊虫是本病的重要传播者 ,这在国内外文献中均没有明确。为此 ,围绕本病的流行特点及其防治方法作如下报告。1　材料与方法1 .1　猪病调查　调查 1 997、1 998两年 ,全县猪附胞体病逐月发病情况。重点调查 3个猪附胞体病的发病情况 ,包括临床检查、血液检查、尸体剖检等。1 .2　现场试验　 1 998年 8月上旬 ,耦…     

猪附红细胞体病流行病学调查及诊治

通过对广东、海南、江西等地110个猪场送检的2450份血液的检测，结果发现猪附红细胞体病阳性场为102个，阳性率为92．7％，结合生产实际对猪附红细胞体病的流行病学和诊治方法进行阐述。     

猪附红细胞体病的流行病学调查

对山西省长治地区部分猪场不同日龄、不同性别、不同品种的猪进行随机采样,无菌采集300份抗凝猪血样,进行压片镜检观察,多数检出附红细胞体,感染率达95.3%。表明猪附红细胞体病是养猪业潜在的一种重要传染病,应给予高度重视。     

山西省猪附红细胞体病的流行病学调查

从山西省晋中、太原、大同、阳泉、晋城、临汾、运城、朔州和忻州市及吕梁地区的规模化猪场和散养的种公猪、种母猪、肥猪、生长肥育猪、断奶仔猪、哺乳仔猪采静脉血1702份，进行压片镜检，均检出附红细胞体，感染率达100%。对50头产仔母猪于产后第2d同时采母猪及其3头仔猪血样检查，母猪及其仔猪均为阳性。表明了垂直传播可能是目前猪附红细胞体感染率高的原因之一。     

Eperythrozoon wenyonii infection in dairy cattle

Approximately 10 of 100 young heifers that had recently delivered their first calf--members of a large Colorado dairy herd--had a syndrome of swollen teats and distal portions of the hind limbs, prefemoral lymphadenopathy, transient fever, rough coat, decreased milk production, and subsequent weight loss and reproductive inefficiency. Acute clinical signs of disease were associated with large numbers of Eperythrozoon wenyonii seen on blood smears, and resolution of signs correlated with reduction or disappearance of the parasite. Other known causes of peripheral edema could not be documented. The parasite was transmitted to 4 of 7 nonlactating dairy cows destined to be culled and a splenectomized calf via IV inoculation of blood from parasitemic heifers, but clinical signs of infection were not induced.     

奶牛新孢子虫病血清流行病学调查

本研究用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）对采集自北京地区的94份奶牛血清（随机采集）和河北地区的55份奶牛血清（有流产史奶牛），进行Neospora caninum血清抗体检测。结果发现，北京地区随机采集的奶牛血清N．caninum抗体阳性率为18．1％（17／94），河北地区有流产史的奶牛N．caninum血清抗体阳性率为23．6％（13／55）。采用牛奶记录体系（DHI）对北京地区17头N．caninum血清抗体阳性牛进行了日产奶量、乳中蛋白率和乳脂率的测定，并与同群牛中134头阴性牛比较。结果表明，N．caninum血清抗体阳性牛日产奶量比阴性牛降低9．7％，乳中蛋白率和乳脂率分别降低20％和15．4％。初步证明N．caninum血清抗体阳性奶牛产奶量降低及奶品质的下降。对不同N．caninum抗体滴度阳性牛的泌乳期主要生产性能比较发现，其生产性能的变化与抗体滴度无明显相关性。     

Salmonella Dublin infection in Queensland dairy cattle

Objective: To investigate the presence of Salmonella Dublin in Queensland cattle.
Design: An epidemiological study using diagnostic laboratory information and farm records.
Procedure: Outbreaks of gastroenteritis or pneumonia in calves, and abortions and enteritis in cows were routinely investigated for the presence of salmonellae. Where S Dublin was isolated, attempts were made to gather further epidemiological information.
Results: Prior to 1983 only two outbreaks of S Dublin have been recorded in Queensland dairy cattle. In 1983 S Dublin abortions were diagnosed in dairy heifers introduced from southern Australia to south-east Queensland. Sampling indicated that at least 10% of the 500 introduced heifers were faecal excretors of S Dublin. On 3 of the 7 farms from which S Dublin was recorded, infection spread to other cattle that were in contact. From February 1985 to February 1996, 29 outbreaks of S Dublin in cattle occurred on 29 farms (28 in south east Queensland and 1 in north Queensland). Calves were primarily affected. Continuing outbreaks were confirmed on only 4 of these 29 farms. On 15 farms S Dublin infections were associated with the purchase of infected calves or cows, while another farm adjoined 2 previously infected farms. No source of S Dublin was evident for the other 13 farms, where histories were often inadequate.
Conclusion: There has been a marked increase in S Dublin outbreaks in Queensland dairy cattle since 1983. Introduction of S Dublin carrier and aborting dairy heifers from southern Australia, where S Dublin is not uncommon, was associated with the initial outbreaks.     

Molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium subtypes in cattle in England

Samples of Cryptosporidium spp., collected in a cross-sectional study of calves (median age 26 days) from 41 farms in Cheshire, UK, underwent molecular typing. The aim was to determine naturally occurring species/genotypes and to investigate transmission pathways within a local area. Of 60 positive samples, 54 were sequenced at an 18S rRNA locus and 51 were typed at a GP60 locus. C. parvum was identified in 50 samples, three cases were C. bovis and one was Cryptosporidium deer-like genotype. Six GP60 subgenotypes were identified. One subgenotype (IIaA15G2R1) was highly prevalent throughout the study area. A single subgenotype was identified on 20/22 farms. Two subgenotypes were found on 2/22 farms. The spatial scan statistic detected a cluster of subgenotype IIaA15G2R1 comprising seven farms. This suggests local transmission of the parasite between farms. As most of the isolates detected were the potentially zoonotic C. parvum allele IIa, intervention strategies should be considered to reduce the threat to public health. Biosecurity measures may reduce transmission between farms and result in lower levels of environmental contamination.     

人附红细胞体感染FMMU白化豚鼠的研究

用附红细胞体分别感染FMMU白化豚鼠和普通花色豚鼠，同时测定两组豚鼠的红细胞免疫功能，探讨FMMU白化豚鼠的免疫学特性与病原体敏感性之间的关系。结果表明，FMMU白化豚鼠对人附红细胞体比普通花色豚鼠敏感。封闭群FMMU白化豚鼠有独特的免疫学特性，红细胞免疫功能低于普通花色豚鼠，对病原体敏感性高于普通花色豚鼠，更适于建立感染性疾病动物模型。     

牛十二指肠贾第虫的分子流行病学研究进展

贾第虫是一类在全球范围内广泛分布的寄生虫,包括7个虫种。其中的十二指肠贾第虫（Giardia duodenalis）是一种重要的肠道寄生虫,能感染人和大多数哺乳动物,可引起腹泻、营养不良和体重减轻等症状。分子分型工具的发展促进了贾第虫检测、基因分型和溯源的发展,大大改变了人们对贾第虫人兽共患潜力的理解。利用分子分型工具可将十二指肠贾第虫分为8种集聚体（A~H）,8种集聚体的宿主范围都存在差异,其中,集聚体A和B是人兽共患型。牛是十二指肠贾第虫的重要宿主,但目前对牛十二指肠贾第虫病的分子流行病学认识不够,其公共卫生意义也一直被忽视。本文汇总了国内牛十二指肠贾第虫的分子流行病学调查结果。结果发现,我国牛十二指肠贾第虫的感染是普遍存在的,其中,集聚体E为优势集聚体,集聚体A和B呈散发流行。近年来,一些国家出现了集聚体E感染人的报道,同时,集聚体A在牛中的感染率有上升的迹象,牛十二指肠贾第虫的人兽共患潜力正在逐步得到认识。     

抗猪附红细胞体单克隆抗体的制备

以纯化的猪附红细胞体免疫BALB/c小鼠,运用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术进行细胞融合,并用间接ELISA方法进行筛选,经过间接ELISA方法、免疫印迹和间接免疫荧光试验进行鉴定,共获得5株分泌抗猪附红细胞体单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞,分别命名为1H1、1H2、3A5、5B1和7E11,其单抗亚类鉴定分别属于IgG2b、IgG1、IgG2b、IgG2b和IgG2b。这5株McAb均能与猪附红细胞体全菌蛋白发生特异性反应,而不与猪肺炎支原体、猪链球菌、大肠杆菌和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒发生反应,并且1H1、3A5和5B1能识别同一抗原位点,1H2和7E11识别另一抗原位点。