电子鼻在乳及其制品检测中的应用研究进展

电子鼻作为一种基于综合气味信息的气味指纹检测技术,有着快速、无损、便捷、有效、客观等多方面优势,成为了乳及其制品的热门检测技术。与常规仪器分析和感官评价方法结合,电子鼻在乳制品掺假,成分检测,乳制品加工、贮藏过程中品质变化等相关气味信息方面的研究较多,为市场监控乳制品的质量安全提供了有效保障。本文总结了电子鼻在乳制品风味成分鉴别,乳及其制品新鲜度检测,乳制品加工过程监控、掺假检测等方面应用的研究进展,并展望了电子鼻技术在乳及其制品应用方面的进一步研究方向,旨在为其在乳及其制品质量安全快速检测等方面提供参考。     

基因芯片技术及其在动物微生物研究中的应用

介绍了基因芯片技术及其在动物微生物研究中病原体检测和分型、致病机理、宿主与病原体的相互影响以及耐药性检测等方面的应用情况,分析了限制该技术应用和发展的主要问题,并对其应用前景作了展望。     

链霉素和双氢链霉素检测技术研究进展

本文介绍了链霉素及其衍生物双氢链霉素药物特性及其在动植物疫病防治上的应用,并对微生物法、免疫法和气相色谱法、液相色谱法、质谱法、毛细管电泳法以及液相色谱质谱联用方法等不同检测方法进行了分析,对链霉素和双氢链霉素检测方法进行展望。     

FQ-PCR在我国猪病诊断中的应用

分析了FQ-PCR方法的原理、分类、与常规病原检测方法相比的优缺点及其在猪重大病毒性疫病检测上的应用等,供参考。     

沙门氏菌快速检测方法研究进展

沙门氏菌的检验在食品检测中具有重要意义。本文详细阐明了沙门氏菌的各种快速检测方法的原理 ,综述了其在食品沙门氏菌检测中的应用及其研究进展。免疫标记技术 ,细胞和分子生物学技术近年来以其敏感、快速、特异等特点在沙门氏菌快速检测中得到了广泛应用 ,尤其是 EL ISA和 PCR技术的应用已由实验室走向实际临床检测中。此外 ,本文还介绍了国外新近的几种沙门氏菌检测方法 ,展望了今后沙门氏菌检测方法的发展方向及实际应用前景     

沙门氏菌检验技术的研究进展

沙门氏菌的检验在食品检测和动物饲养管理中具有重要意义。本文详细阐明了沙门氏菌的各种检验技术的原理,综述了其在沙门氏菌检测中的应用及其研究进展。近年来,免疫学技术、细胞和分子生物学技术以其敏感、快速、特异等特点在沙门氏菌检验与检测中得到了广泛应用,尤其ELISA和PCR技术的应用已从实验室走向实际临床检测中。另外,本文对国外新近的几种沙门氏菌检测方法作了介绍,还展望了今后沙门氏菌检测方法的发展方向及实际应用前景。     

莱克多巴胺残留检测方法研究进展

介绍了不同动物产品中莱克多巴胺残留检测方法的前处理方法及其差异;综述了色谱法的种类及其检测限、灵敏度、精密度,对其优缺点作了简单说明;着重对ELISA法的抗原合成方法及其对抗体质量的影响、抗体的特异性、与色谱法的相关性及检测质量等方面进行了较为详细的分析,并简单介绍了免疫传感器法.     

超高效液相色谱技术在兽药分析领域应用的研究进展

超高效液相色谱技术是近年来迅速发展的基于小颗粒填料的液相色谱技术,具有快速、灵敏、准确、高效等众多优点,已成为药物检测和分析领域的研究热点之一。随着该技术的不断发展,其已在兽药研究开发和兽药残留检测等领域得到了较为广泛的应用。文章就超高液相色谱的技术特点及其实际应用进行综述,并对该项技术在未来兽药分析领域广阔的应用前景进行了展望。     

转基因动物及其产品检测技术研究进展

为探索可靠、灵敏的转基因动物及其产品检测技术,从核酸检测和蛋白检测两个方面,综述了转基因动物及其产品不同检测技术的原理、特点及应用,提出了每种检测技术的不足及今后转基因检测技术的发展趋势和研究方向。目前,已经研发的核酸检测技术主要包括多种PCR方法、环介导等温扩增技术、Southern blot技术和染色体原位杂交技术等,蛋白检测方法主要包括酶联免疫吸附检测技术、免疫层析试纸条、Western blot技术、免疫组织化学和免疫荧光技术等。三代测序技术是近年来提出的一种新型基因检测技术,适用于对未知序列转基因动物的分析。随着转基因技术的发展,转基因动物及其产品越来越多,高通量、高灵敏度和低成本的检测技术将成为未来转基因动物及其产品检测的研究重点。     

基于衍生化和电位传感的氨基酸检测方法研究

氨基酸在各种生物体液中广泛分布，在食品和化学相关研究领域，氨基酸检测往往是人们所关注的重点问题。目前有关氨基酸检测方法繁多，然而传统的衍生化法和电位传感法存在分析成本高、检测限高以及测试速度慢等缺点，使其在氨基酸检测领域中的应用受到了较大限制。因此，结合衍生化法与电位传感法的优点，开发基于衍生化和电位传感的氨基酸检测方法已经成为如今的主流，该方法不仅灵敏度高，同时还具有价格低廉、适用范围广等特点。本文详细介绍了不同氨基酸检测方法及其原理，为提高氨基酸检测水平提供理论依据。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.