河北省平菇主栽品种分子身份证的构建

以河北省主栽的17个平菇品种为材料,对构建平菇种质分子身份证的方法进行探讨研究。首先应用CO1对平菇物种进行鉴定,然后利用SSR Locator软件从Pleurotus ostreatus PC15 v2.0全基因组序列上查找SSRs位点并设计引物,采用筛选后的SSR引物对供试菌株进行扩增,然后根据引物对不同菌株扩增产生的带型进行编码、组合,构建SSR分子身份证。结果显示,17个平菇品种包括4株糙皮侧耳(P.ostreatus)、8株白黄侧耳(P.cornucopiae)和5株肺形侧耳(P.pulmonarius)。从48对SSR引物中筛选出9对引物,在17个平菇品种间共检测到53种带型,将不同带型赋值编码后组合成17个平菇品种的特异分子身份证。该研究表明CO1结合SSR标记技术可有效地用于平菇种质分子身份证的构建。     

双孢蘑菇不同菌株的RAPD扩增研究

用18个随机引物对3个双孢蘑菇生产菌株进行RAPD扩增,通过计算供试菌株遗传相似系数及聚类分析,构建供试双孢蘑菇菌株的系统树状图谱。结果表明,所用18个引物中有8个能对双孢蘑菇菌株扩增出清晰、稳定的DNA谱带。供试菌株2796与F56的相似程度较高,相似系数为0.8571,菌株2796、F56和菌株176的平均相似程度较低,平均相似系数只有0.4728。     

中国主栽双孢蘑菇菌株的DNA多态性

本文以中国双孢蘑菇不同主栽产区的9个具代表性的双孢蘑菇菌株为材料,用20个随机引物对其进行RAPD分析。结果表明,20个随机引物中,有15个随机引物的扩增产物DNA片段表现出明显的多态性,其中每个引物对不同菌株扩增出的DNA片段数目各不相同,而且不同引物扩增出的DNA带谱也不同,差异较大。这15个引物对供试菌株总共扩增出168条DNA片段,其中最大的片段可达6.77kb,最小的DNA片段仪有0.31kb。同时,比较了供试菌株两两间的遗传相似性,发现它们之间的变化不大,其相似系数从0.6891到1.0000,而平均相似系数仅为0.8500,表明供试菌株之间的亲缘关系较近,遗传变异不丰富。另外,采用系统聚类法中的类平均法,对供试菌株相似系数两两间进行聚类分析并生成树状图谱,直观准确地揭示了它们之间的差异。当相似系数为77％时,所有供试菌株都被聚为一大类,说明我国主栽双孢蘑菇菌株的遗传基础较狭窄,可能来源于同一品系,这为进一步开展双孢蘑菇菌种的遗传改良提供了理论依据。     

利用荧光标记SSR构建百合种质资源分子身份证

以96份百合种质资源为材料,使用SSR标记进行百合种质分子身份证构建试验。从172对百合SSR引物中筛选出20对多态性好的核心引物,采用四重荧光毛细管电泳技术检测扩增条带分子量的方法对百合资源进行标记分析,获得供试样品相应的扩增带型。采用个位数字和小写英文字母对不同带型进行编码,按照20对引物扩增带型数由少到多顺序串联排序的方式构建供试样品的分子身份证。结果显示：20对SSR引物共检测到69个SSR等位位点和170个带型,平均每对引物对品种扩增的等位位点3.45个,带型8.50个。对带型进行编码的结果表明：96份百合种质资源的SSR分子身份证互不相同,可以将材料完全区分开。     

应用SSR荧光标记法构建22个柚类品种的分子身份证

【目的】应用荧光SSR分子标记构建柚类种质分子身份证，用于品种资源鉴定。【方法】收集22份柚类材料，筛选SSR荧光标记引物，采用荧光毛细管电泳检测技术分析扩增条带分子质量和等位基因，获得相应的扩增带型，从而对每份柚材料进行标记。采用个位阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母对不同等位基因分子质量大小进行编码，再按照引物扩增带型数由大到小顺序将各位点赋值编码的数字串联排序，构建供试样品的分子身份证。【结果】筛选出4对多态性较好的引物，使用这4对引物共检测到49个扩增带型和41个SSR等位位点，平均每对引物的有关带型数12.25个、位点数10.25个。【结论】通过扩增带型分析，构建了22份柚类种质的分子身份证，包括12条信息独特的身份证。遗传聚类与分子身份证分析结果一致，为柚类品种鉴定和保护提供了重要依据。     

双孢蘑菇褐腐病病原菌的分离及分子鉴定

对引起双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)褐腐病的病原菌进行分离和分子鉴定.分离培养褐腐病病原菌,采用CTAB法抽提其基因组总DNA,利用真菌通用引物ITS1和ITS4扩增菌株rDNA ITS区序列,扩增产物纯化后克隆转化至大肠杆菌,挑选克隆成功的菌株进行测序.测序结果在GenBank中进行同源性搜索,并下载部分具有代表性种的ITS序列,利用软件MEGA4 构建分子系统发育树,通过序列分析,鉴定出引起双孢蘑菇褐腐病的病原菌为Mycogone perniciosa.     

基于SSR标记的黄桃种质资源亲缘关系分析

利用SSR标记技术对12个黄桃品种（系）进行遗传多样性检测.结果发现,SSR标记能够揭示材料间的遗传多样性,从蔷薇科苹果属35对SSR引物中筛选出8对扩增稳定的特异性引物,构建其指纹图谱.8对SSR引物共扩增出78条DNA片段,其中44条具有多态性,多态性比率为54.6％,材料间的遗传相似系数在0.64 ～0.88之间,平均为0.759.通过聚类,从分子水平对黄桃品种（系）的遗传关系进行分析,并对12份黄桃种质材料进行了SSR标记分类,为黄桃种质资源的研究利用提供参考.     

部分香蕉品种SSR指纹图谱的构建

采用SSR标记技术构建香蕉品种的分子指纹图谱,为香蕉品种鉴定提供依据。以56份香蕉种质为材料,从199对引物中筛选出5对多态性及稳定性较高的SSR引物进行PCR扩增。5对引物在56个品种中扩增出的多态性带数在11～16个,平均为13.8条;引物的多态信息含量(PIC)在0.8490～0.9022,平均0.8727。依据香蕉SSR带型特征,对每个引物生成的不同带型直接编号,简化香蕉SSR带型记录方法,并利用每个品种的带型编号,建立其DNA分子指纹图谱,5对引物可将56份供试香蕉材料完全区分开。表明SSR标记技术可用以鉴定香蕉种质。     

双孢蘑菇原生质体同核体及杂交异核体的RAPD分析

本研究以双孢蘑菇原生质体同核体及杂交异核体为材料,用5对随机双引物进行RAPD分析。结果表明,RAPD反应扩增出的特异DNA谱带能够将原生质体同核体与异核体出发菌株以及杂交异核体与同核体亲本明显区别开来。因此,RAPD分析是一种快速有效的手段,能够在双孢蘑菇的遗传研究和菌种改良中发挥重要作用。     

双孢蘑菇三种类型菌株的RAPD扩增研究

用７２个随机引物,对三种类型双孢蘑菇菌株２７９６（杂交型）,８２１１（优质型）,０１（高产型）等进行了ＲＡＰＤ扩增,发现２６个引物均产生三种不同的带型。用该２６个引物进一步作三种类型９株双孢蘑菇白色菌株的ＲＡＰＤ扩增,发现引物Ｕ１６,Ｕ２０,Ｂ１,Ｈ４,Ｈ５,Ｍ７能很好地区分三类菌株,尤以Ｕ２０和Ｈ５为佳,其产生的三种带型稳定整齐,差异带明显,为双孢蘑菇菌株特性的早期预测提供了ＤＮＡ水平的标记。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.