甜瓜基因组SSR位点分布规律与多态性初探

以3个甜瓜品种"BM7"、"伽师瓜"和"Y8"为试材,选取甜瓜基因组的3个DNA区域进行SSR位点的分布规律分析,进一步通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检验甜瓜基因组SSR位点的多态性,以期初步揭示甜瓜基因组中SSR位点的分布规律及其多态性,进而为甜瓜及其它物种开展相关研究提供参考。试验表明:甜瓜基因组中平均每1.9kb就有一个SSR位点,富含A和T的重复基序出现的频率远高于富含C和G的重复基序的频率,没有发现全部由C、G构成的重复基序;二、三、四碱基重复基序的SSR位点占绝大多数(83.3%),五、六碱基重复基序的SSR位点分布较少(16.7%)。二、三、四、五、六核苷酸重复基序SSR位点平均长度依次为21、15、14、16、20bp。设计的82对SSR引物中81对扩增出产物,多态比例最高为48.1%。试验表明,甜瓜基因组中SSR分布具有一定规律,并且可以利用SSR分子标记开展相关研究;试验同时对更好地开展SSR和ISSR分子标记的相关研究奠定了理论基础和依据。     

黄皮转录组SSR挖掘及其可用性分析

利用MISA软件筛选黄皮（Clausena lansium）转录组测序获得的68 998条Unigene,共检测出单核苷酸至六核苷酸重复类型的SSR位点11 825个,分布于11 000条Unigene中,出现频率为17.14%,平均分布距离为4.41 kb。6种SSR位点类型中主要为单、二、三个核苷酸重复,分别占总SSR位点的41.48%、24.92%和27.53%。11 825个SSR位点中共发现207种重复基序,重复次数在4 ~ 24次之间,其中出现频率高的基序有A/T、AG/CT、AT/AT、AAG/CTT和AAT/ATT。位点序列长度分布在12 ~ 25 bp之间,其中12 ~ 15 bp最多,占50.95%（6 025个SSR位点）。通过Primer 3设计得到6 102对SSR引物,随机选择30对引物进行多态性验证分析,结果显示24对有效扩增引物中,13对引物在16份不同黄皮种质中表现出多态性。以上结果表明,黄皮转录组测序产生的Unigene信息可作为开发SSR标记的有效来源,开发的大批量SSR标记可为黄皮种质资源遗传多样性分析和遗传图谱构建提供更加丰富可靠的标记选择。     

基于全基因组序列的马铃薯SSR标记开发与连锁图谱加密

本研究检索了马铃薯全基因组范围内的SSR序列,并分析了其分布特点。通过开发设计位于目标染色体上的SSR引物,对连锁图谱进行加密和低温糖化抗性QTL定位。结果表明,马铃薯基因组上分布着28 609条SSR序列,平均分布于12条染色体上。其中2碱基、3碱基和4碱基基序SSR序列分别有15 943、11 053和1 613条,富含A或T的SSR数分别占2碱基、3碱基和4碱基基序SSR总数的88.6%、45.0%和26.0%。根据SSR序列两侧保守的侧翼序列,设计了位于5号染色体（chr05）上的SSR引物40对,其中有35对能有效扩增,20对引物的目标片段有多态性,13对引物的32个多态性位点定位到chr05上,将平均标记间距从9.0 cM缩小为1.7 cM,低温糖化抗性QTL的2 LOD置信区间从26.0 cM缩小为4.0 cM;6号染色体（chr06）上新设计SSR引物59对,有54对能有效扩增,25对引物的目标片段有多态性,12对引物的30个多态性位点被定位到chr06上,将平均标记间距从5.5 cM缩小为3.5 cM,低温糖化抗性QTL区间从9.0 cM缩小为3.7 cM。研究结果为抗低温糖化QTL的图位克隆奠定了良好基础,为马铃薯抗低温糖化分子育种提供了辅助标记。     

刺梨转录组SSR信息分析及其分子标记开发

利用MISA软件筛选刺梨（Rosa roxburghii Tratt）转录组测序获得的106 590条Unigene,共检测出21 711个SSR位点,分布于18 155条Unigene中,出现频率为20.37%,平均分布距离为1.68 kb。优势重复基序为三核苷酸、四核苷酸和二核苷酸,分别占总SSR位点的26.87%、26.77%和24.93%。AG/CT与AAG/CTT分别是二核苷酸与三核苷酸的优势重复基元,分别占总SSR重复类型的17.80%和11.55%。以不同主导重复基元类型设计合成42对SSR引物,并以刺梨及其他蔷薇属种质的基因组DNA为模板对其有效性及通用性进行初步验证,筛选出具有清晰扩增产物的引物23对,并且均在同属材料中通用。选取16份贵州刺梨资源对筛选出的引物进行多态性检测,获得12对具有多态性的引物。以上结果表明,刺梨转录组测序产生的Unigene信息可作为开发SSR标记的有效来源,获得的大批量SSR标记可为刺梨及其近缘种的遗传多样性分析和遗传图谱构建提供更加丰富可靠的标记选择。     

菠萝基因组SSR分子标记的开发

实验采用SAM法,以"台农17号"菠萝作为开发基因组SSR分子标记的植物材料,并对开发获得的SSR标记在16个菠萝品种中进行了验证。利用两对锚定引物和12对接头引物筛选菠萝基因组SAM文库,从中开发得到86条含有SSR位点的序列,对这86条序列用MISA软件搜索后得到94个SSR位点,其中单核苷酸重复3个,二核苷酸重复91个。二核苷酸重复仅有2种重复单元,一种是GA/CT,占二核苷酸重复总数的57.14%(52/91),另一种是AC/GT,占二核苷酸重复总数的42.86%(39/91)。研究未发现三核苷酸及以上的重复单元。36对SSR引物对16个材料的扩增结果显示,24对引物能够扩增出清晰、重复性好且符合预期大小的条带,其中13对引物具有多态性,可成为下一步构建菠萝指纹图谱、遗传多样性分析及基因定位等研究中有用的SSR标记。     

南方红豆杉SSR 分布特征分析及分子标记的开发

 利用基因组勘测序列（GSS 序列）探讨开发南方红豆杉（Taxus wallichiana var. mairei）SSR 标记的可行性。从1 923 条GSS 序列中搜寻到184 个SSR 位点。其中二核苷酸、三核苷酸和四核苷酸重 复所占比例分别为88.6%、10.3%和1.1%。不同核苷酸在重复序列中的频率分析表明,a 和t 所出现的频 率远远高于c 和g 的频率。对所获得的184 个SSR 位点设计引物,开发出90 个候选SSR 引物。在所获 得的获选标记中选取20 对引物在南方红豆杉中进行试验检验,结果19 对（95%）SSR 引物能够获得清晰 稳定的主带,表明GSS 序列可以高效地用于开发基因组SSR 标记,这些标记将为南方红豆杉的相关研究 奠定基础。     

‘惠水金橘’的叶绿体基因组特征分析

【目的】分析贵州地方柑橘品种‘惠水金橘’的叶绿体基因组特征及分子标记,为研究该品种的系统进化关系、丰富柑橘类果树叶绿体分子标记奠定基础。【方法】提取‘惠水金橘’成熟叶片总DNA,构建小片段插入文库并测序,以甜橙叶绿体基因组为参考,筛选叶绿体基因组相关序列组装,开展SSR(simple sequence repeat,简单重复序列)预测、SNP(single nucleotide polymorphisms,单核苷酸多态性)/InDel(insertion-deletion,插入缺失)分析以及聚类分析。【结果】组装后获得叶绿体基因组全长为160 698 bp,GC含量为38.42%,共有117种基因被注释;检测到92个SSR位点,大部分的SSR位点都偏向于A/T组成;检测到417个SNPs位点、149个InDels位点、InDel的标记密度约为每kb 0.927个。进化树显示该品种与其他宽皮柑橘聚为一大类。【结论】利用高通量测序技术挖掘柑橘叶绿体基因组DNA分子标记是可行的。     

蓝靛果忍冬转录组SSR信息分析及其分子标记开发

利用MISA软件筛选蓝靛果忍冬（Lonicera caerulea L.）转录组测序获得的45 656条Unigene,共检测出14 841个SSR位点,分布于11 251条Unigene中,出现频率为32.51%,平均分布距离为2.58 kb。优势重复基序为单核苷酸、二核苷酸和三核苷酸,分别占总SSR位点的34.81%,42.79%和20.64%。二核苷酸重复基元中以AG/CT为优势重复基元,占总位点27.2%,三核苷酸重复基元以AAG/CTT为主,占6.18%。利用 Primer 3.0 共设计出 21 867 对SSR引物。随机选择20对引物进行PCR扩增,其中8对扩增出清晰可重复的条带,5对在16个蓝靛果忍冬材料中表现出多态性。利用UPGMA作图,将16份供试材料分为3类。丰富的SSR多态性为蓝靛果忍冬遗传多样性分析和遗传图谱构建提供更加丰富可靠的标记选择。     

辣椒SSR标记的开发和高密度遗传连锁图谱的构建

为了方便辣椒的标记辅助育种和遗传分析,我们利用辣椒基因组富集文库和公共数据库辣椒的cDNA序列,从中开发了一批非冗余的、具有2～3个碱基基序的SSR(simple sequence repeat)标记。SSR富集文库由三种限制性内切酶(AluI、HaeⅢ、RsaI)和两种生物素标记的寡核苷酸探针b(GA)15和b(CA)15共同构建而成。从6528个克隆开发了1736个基因组SSR标记,从13003个序列中获得了1344个cDNA序列来源的SSR标记。利用自交系K9-11和MZC-180的种内杂交种(K9-11×MZC-180)获得了双单倍体分离群体,并用于遗传作图。将597个标记定位到该连锁图上,其中包括265个新开发的SSR标记。将该遗传图谱命名为KL-DH,它包括12个连锁群,覆盖了2028cM的遗传距离,标记间的平均距离少于4cM。将KL-DH图谱的框架结构与已发表的COSⅡ图谱进行了比较,并利用番茄的基因组序列来整合两个图谱。COSⅡ图谱是由C.frutescens×C.annuum种间杂种的F2分离群体构建而成。本研究所建立的种内杂交KL-DH图谱和种间杂交COSⅡ图谱在图谱长度和标记分布上比较相似,表明KL-DH图谱几乎覆盖了整个辣椒基因组。     

西瓜遗传图谱构建及其强雌性状定位研究

以雌花率稳定在80%以上的强雌性品系BG1(Citrullus lanatus var.lanatus)和普通花性型非洲野生西瓜900134(C.lanatus var.citroides)为亲本杂交自交获得F2群体,通过AFLP、RAPD及SSR技术对该群体进行扩增,建立了一个包括4个RAPD标记、140个AFLP标记、6个SSR标记和1个强雌性位点(subgy)的遗传图谱。该图谱包含17个连锁群,覆盖基因组1073.1cM,标记间平均图距为7.2cM。subgy定位在第5连锁群中,与s1454-1100、GT-CTA270两个标记连锁,距离分别为5.8cM和14.3cM。将特异条带s1454-1100回收、克隆、测序,设计特异SCAR引物,再对F2单株基因组DNA扩增,只在大部分的纯合强雌性单株和杂合普通花性型单株中扩增出一条375bp的特异带,以JoinMap3.0软件分析,该标记与与强雌性状位点的连锁距离为6.1cM,连锁较为紧密,表明已成功地将与西瓜强雌性连锁的标记转化为操作简便、表现稳定的SCAR标记,命名为SR375。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.