常温贮藏下瓯柑胞汁的AAO、POD和PPO活性变化

用分光光度法对耐贮名果瓯柑AAO、POD和PPO活性进行测定。结果表明:瓯柑的AAO活性在全熟时最低,PPO活性在全熟时有一峰值。这两种酶活性变化均较缓慢,与其耐贮性有一定的关系。POD活性变化也是瓯柑衰老的一个参数。     

芍药种子萌发过程中抗氧化酶活性变化规律的研究

以芍药种子为试材,测定其萌发过程中抗氧化酶活性的动态变化,分析探究芍药种子萌发过程中抗氧化酶活性变化规律。结果表明:超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化物酶(POD)活性与种子萌发呈负相关,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性与萌发呈正相关且处于缓慢上升状态。在吸胀12h左右时芍药种子开始萌发,且SOD活性较POD活性、CAT活性更早发挥作用。     

红肉脐橙果实中抗氧化物质含量及其抗氧化活性变化

以红肉脐橙果实为材料,分析了果实稳果后果皮和果肉活性成分含量的变化及其与体外抗氧化能力的关系.结果表明,随着果实成熟,果肉中谷胱甘肽、总酚、类黄酮含量以及体外抗氧化活性先上升后下降;而果皮中抗坏血酸、谷胱甘肽、总酚、类黄酮含量以及体外抗氧化活性均在果实发育初期出现最大值,且在果实发育过程中不断降低.相关性分析表明,所有...     

外源SOD对红提葡萄食用品质的影响

以红提葡萄为试材,探讨了不同浓度的外源SOD对叶片、果实SOD活性、POD活性和果肉含糖量的影响。结果表明：喷施外源SOD,能够短时间内提高叶片及果肉中SOD的活性,但到成熟期均降至最低水平;但2000、3000mg／L的SOD对于提高果实含糖量有一定作用。综合试验结果,对所谓SOD水果的生产及保健效应提出了质疑,认为应加大相应研究力度,以引导消费者的科学消费。     

青天葵总黄酮抗氧化及抑菌活性

以青天葵为试材,乙醇为溶剂,对青天葵进行总黄酮提取;采用清除羟自由基、DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和测定总还原能力的方法来评价青天葵总黄酮抗氧化活性;并通过测定其对6种试验菌的最低抑菌浓度来考察其抑菌活性。结果表明:青天葵黄酮提取液对羟自由基的清除优于同浓度的抗坏血酸溶液,清除DPPH自由基的IC50是17.4μg·mL~(-1),清除超氧阴离子自由基的IC50是95.5μg·mL~(-1),还原能力稍弱于抗坏血酸;对白色念珠球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和肺炎克雷伯氏菌的抑制作用较强,最低抑菌浓度均为0.25mg·mL~(-1)。     

中药植物木防己抑菌活性初步研究

以柿角斑病菌Cercospora kaki E11．et Ev．、梨锈病菌Gymnosporangium haraeanum Syd．、水稻稻瘟病菌Piricularia oryzae Cav．、水稻纹枯病菌Pellicularia sasakii（Shirai）Wei、玉米炭疽病菌Colletotrichum graminicolum（Ces．）Wils．为供试植物病原菌,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了中药植物木防己甲醇提取物的抑菌活性,并用生物活性追踪法对其抑菌活性成分进行了初步研究。结果表明,木防己甲醇提取物对5种供试菌有很好的抑制作用,其EC50分别为12．5270mg／mL、4．2162mg／mL、2．7916mg／mL、2．0781mg／mL和6．4465mg／mL。采用液一液革取法,用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇依次对木防己甲醇提取物的水溶液进行革取,初步分成4部分。生测结果表明对5种病原菌的抑菌活性物质在石油醚革取物、乙酸乙酯革取物和正丁醇革取物中均有分布。     

家养多肉植物不同提取液抑菌活性及成分分析

目的:研究草玉露、石莲和大花马齿苋3种多肉植物不同提取物对细菌的抑制作用,并初步分析其活性成分。方法:采用水提、醇提及酯提法制备提取液,以大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和蜡样芽胞杆菌3种常见的食源性致病菌为供试菌,采用滤纸片法进行体外抑菌实验及GC-MS检测酯提液成分。结果:3种多肉植物水提液无抑菌作用;醇提液对蜡样芽胞杆菌有抑菌作用,作用最好的是大花马齿苋醇提液;酯体液对3种供试菌均有抑菌作用,大花马齿苋酯提液对蜡样芽胞杆菌抑菌效果最好。GC-MS检测鉴定了大花马齿苋乙酸乙酯提取物主要是含有酯类、酚类和烷烃3类物质。结论:3种多肉植物不同提取液对3种供试细菌具有不同抑菌效果,大花马齿苋醇提液和酯提液对蜡样芽孢杆菌有较好抑菌效果,具有开发利用的潜力。     

吴茱萸多酚的酶法提取工艺及其抗氧化抑菌活性

以吴茱萸为试材,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交实验对吴茱萸中多酚的酶法提取工艺进行了优化,采用清除DPPH·法评价了吴茱萸多酚的抗氧化活性,利用滤纸片法研究了吴茱萸多酚的抑菌活性。结果表明:吴茱萸中多酚酶法提取的最佳工艺为提取温度60℃、提取时间2.5h、纤维素酶酶浓度0.25mg·mL~(-1)、pH 4.0。在此工艺条件下,吴茱萸多酚提取率为5.58%。吴茱萸多酚清除DPPH·的能力弱于维生素C,但也具有一定的抗氧化活性。吴茱萸多酚对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均具有抑制作用,抑制作用大小顺序为大肠杆菌枯草芽孢杆菌金黄色葡萄球菌。吴茱萸多酚具有作为天然抗氧化剂和食品防腐剂的应用前景,值得进一步研究开发。     

不同色价山葡萄总酚及相关酶活性的比较分析

以14份山葡萄品系为试材,根据果汁颜色的差异,应用方差分析法和相关性分析法,对14份果汁颜色深浅不同的山葡萄资源的色价值、总酚含量和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性进行了比较分析。结果表明:14份山葡萄资源果实色价值变化幅度为5.889~62.861g-1;其果实色价值、总酚、PAL及PPO活性存在明显差异;色价值与总酚及PAL、PPO活性呈显著正相关;总酚含量又与PAL和PPO活性呈正相关。由此可见,果汁颜色越深的山葡萄资源,果实总酚含量越高,说明其具有的抗氧化能力较强;但由于其较高的PPO活性,在加工过程中应控制褐变的发生。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.