Algicidal Effects of a High-Efficiency Algicidal Bacterium Shewanella Y1 on the Toxic Bloom-Causing Dinoflagellate Alexandrium pacificum

Alexandriumpacificum is a typical toxic bloom-forming dinoflagellate, causing serious damage to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Many bacteria have been isolated, having algicidal effects on harmful algal species, while few algicidal bacteria have been found to be able to lyse A. pacificum. Herein, an algicidal bacterium, Shewanella Y1, with algicidal activity to the toxic dinoflagellate A. pacificum, was isolated from Jiaozhou Bay, China, and the physiological responses to oxidative stress in A. pacificum were further investigated to elucidate the mechanism involved in Shewanella Y1. Y1 exhibited a significant algicidal effect (86.64 ± 5.04% at 24 h) and algicidal activity in an indirect manner. The significant declines of the maximal photosynthetic efficiency (F_v/F_m), initial slope of the light limited region (alpha), and maximum relative photosynthetic electron transfer rate (rETRmax) indicated that the Y1 filtrate inhibited photosynthetic activities of A. pacificum. Impaired photosynthesis induced the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caused strong oxidative damage in A. pacificum, ultimately inducing cell death. These findings provide a better understanding of the biological basis of complex algicidal bacterium-harmful algae interactions, providing a potential source of bacterial agent to control harmful algal blooms.     

Evaluation of the water-quality dynamics in a eutrophic agricultural pond by using a one-box ecosystem model considering several algal groups

The Okubo pond is an agricultural pond located in the Itoshima area of Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. It was constructed for irrigating a nearby cultivated area. A monitoring program from August 11 to November 26, 2008, suggested the risk of eutrophication in the water body. The high total nitrogen concentration (1.34 mg/l), high total phosphorus concentration (0.06 mg/l) and extreme oxygen depletion (2 mg/l on 5 November 2008) exceeded the Japanese standards for paddy irrigation water. Furthermore, luxuriant algal blooming in October indicated a hypereutrophic status according to the OECD (1982) criteria. In this study, a one-box ecosystem model was developed to obtain an insight into the seasonal variations in the algal concentrations and chemical components of the Okubo pond with the aims of protecting its aquatic ecosystem and maintaining its water quality. The model was based on a completely mixed system and included 12 water-quality indices: green algae, blue-green algae, diatoms and dinoflagellates, cryptophytes, zooplankton, particulate organic matter, dissolved organic matter, phosphate–phosphorus, ammonia–nitrogen, nitrite–nitrogen, nitrate–nitrogen, and dissolved oxygen. The monitoring data were used to verify the model simulation. Model evaluation suggested good agreement between the predicted and the observed data for the seasonal variations in the algal, nutrient, and dissolved oxygen concentrations. To determine the sensitivity of the model parameters, a sensitivity analysis was conducted leading to the conclusion that the optimal temperature, growth rate, and respiratory rate of the four algal groups, especially the ideal temperature for blue-green and green algae are the most influential factors determining the variability affecting the model inference. From the model simulation, the water temperature and nutrient concentration were considered to be the key limiting factors controlling alternative algal blooms in this period.     

Production of Lectins from Marine Algae: Current Status,Challenges, and Opportunities for Non-Destructive Extraction

Marine algae are an excellent source of novel lectins. The isolation of lectins from marine algae expands the diversity in structure and carbohydrate specificities of lectins isolated from other sources. Marine algal lectins have been reported to have antiviral, antitumor, and antibacterial activity. Lectins are typically isolated from marine algae by grinding the algal tissue with liquid nitrogen and extracting with buffer and alcohol. While this method produces higher yields, it may not be sustainable for large-scale production, because a large amount of biomass is required to produce a minute amount of compound, and a significant amount of waste is generated during the extraction process. Therefore, non-destructive extraction using algal culture water could be used to ensure a continuous supply of lectins without exclusively disrupting the marine algae. This review discusses the traditional and recent advancements in algal lectin extraction methods over the last decade, as well as the steps required for large-scale production. The challenges and prospects of various extraction methods (destructive and non-destructive) are also discussed.     

In vitro assessments of diverse plant pathogenic fungi treated with a novel growth control agent

The efficacy of an agent with an iodine-based active ingredient (a.i.) was evaluated for controlling the growth of fungi pathogenic to many different food crops. Even though iodine is a necessary mineral for mammals and is an approved food additive, interest in using iodine-based agrochemicals for fungal control is recent. Fusarium verticillioides (synonym=F. moniliforme J. Sheld) sensitivity to the iodine-base agent was determined using two methods. One method used an agar plug taken from an actively growing culture and the other method used isolated conidia. The concentration of the agent required to inhibit growth of F. verticillioides was greater for the culture plug than isolated conidia. Forty-eight strains of F. verticillioides were analyzed representing different states within the United States, countries outside the United States, monocot and dicot plant hosts, and mating types. All strains of F. verticillioides, regardless of geographic origin, plant host, or mating type were sensitive to the test compound. In addition, 25 species of fungi pathogenic to a diverse array of crops were analyzed and demonstrated to be sensitive to this agent. A pesticide developed with an iodine-based a.i. could be an effective control for diverse fungi pathogenic to a range of plant hosts.     

Valorization of the Red Algae Gelidium sesquipedale by Extracting a Broad Spectrum of Minor Compounds Using Green Approaches

Until now, the red algae Gelidium sesquipedale has been primarily exploited for agar production, leaving an undervalued biomass. In this work, the use of eco-friendly approaches employing ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and green solvents was investigated to valorize the algal minor compounds. The green methods used herein showed an attractive alternative to efficiently extract a broad spectrum of bioactive compounds in short extraction times (15 to 30 min vs. 8 h of the conventional method). Using the best UAE conditions, red seaweed extracts were characterized in terms of total phenolics (189.3 ± 11.7 mg GAE/100 g dw), flavonoids (310.7 ± 9.7 mg QE/100 g dw), mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) (Σ MAAs = 1271 mg/100 g dw), and phycobiliproteins (72.4 ± 0.5 mg/100 g dw). Additionally, produced algal extracts exhibited interesting antioxidant and anti-enzymatic activities for potential applications in medical and/or cosmetic products. Thus, this study provides the basis to reach a superior valorization of algal biomass by using alternative methods to extract biologically active compounds following eco-friendly approaches. Moreover, the strategies developed not only open new possibilities for the commercial use of Gelidium sesquipedale, but also for the valorization of different algae species since the techniques established can be easily adapted.     

Induced resistance to Fusarial wilt of banana by menadione sodium bisulphite treatments

The soilborne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense is the causal agent of banana vascular wilt disease named Panama disease and one of the most serious threats to banana crops worldwide. A water-soluble addition compound of vitamin K₃, menadione sodium bisulphite (MSB), first studied as a plant growth regulator, has recently been shown to induce resistance against Panama disease. Effective fungicides are not yet available to control this fatal disease. Here we report on two independent long-term experiments leading to the enhanced resistance response induced by MSB. The results demonstrated that MSB is an effective resistance activator in banana, and a potentially useful agent for the control of Panama disease.     

黄蝉花素抑制斜纹夜蛾生长发育作用

室内测定了黄蝉花素对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的抑制生长发育活性。结果表明,黄蝉花素对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的抑制生长发育活性与其处理浓度具有一定的相关性。与对照相比,处理组食物消耗量减少,幼虫生长发育被抑制,发育历期延长。处理组幼虫在蛹期不能正常化蛹而形成畸形蛹,羽化后的成虫表现为形态畸形。在预蛹期和蛹期由于不能正常蜕皮导致死亡率较高。研究显示黄蝉花素作为一类新型的昆虫生长发育控制剂或害虫田间种群管理的先导化合物值得进一步研究。     

水培条件下硒对花生幼苗生长和开花及抗氧化酶活性的影响

硒（Se）是人和动物必需的微量元素，土壤环境缺硒可导致人、畜产生诸如白肌病和克山病等多种疾病；而通过施硒肥提高植物尤其是农作物的硒含量，是防治硒缺乏疾病的有效措施之一。花生（Arachis hypogaea）是中国乃至全球最重要的油料作物之一。为通过施硒肥来提高花生产量及其含硒量奠定实验基础和提供可能性，以花生幼苗为材料，采用水培法研究不同浓度硒（Se）对花生幼苗生长和开花及其抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响。结果表明，硒浓度≤0.5 mg/L能促进花生幼苗的生长；其中以0.1 mg/L硒促进花生幼苗生长的效果最好；而硒浓度≤1.0 mg/L促进花生幼苗开花，以浓度为0.5 mg/L时花生幼苗开花数最多，达到27朵/株，约比对照提高90%；但硒浓度≥1 mg/L则抑制幼苗生长，且硒浓度愈高，对花生幼苗生长的抑制效果愈大，幼苗根变粗短，根尖褐化也愈严重，植株开花数显著减少，甚至不开花。与对照相比，低浓度（≤1.0 mg/L）硒可提高花生幼苗的SOD和POD活性，并降低其丙二醛（MDA）含量，但高浓度的硒（≥3 mg/L）则仅在培养初期提高花生幼苗的SOD和POD活性，但随着培养时间的延长，花生植株的POD和SOD活性则不断下降，但其MDA含量则逐渐升高。该结果为今后通过施硒肥来提高花生的含硒量和产量奠定了相关的实验和技术基础。     

甘薯黄烷酮3-羟化酶基因IbF3H的克隆和表达特性分析

黄烷酮3-羟化酶（flavanone 3-hydroxylase,F3H）是黄酮类化合物合成途径中的一个关键酶。本研究基于前期转录组数据,以‘福菜薯7-6’叶片为材料成功克隆CDS序列长度为1107 bp的基因IbF3H,利用生物信息学分析甘薯F3H基因的序列特征、氨基酸序列对比、蛋白系统进化树、蛋白的二、三级结构、预测其跨膜结构和亚细胞定位,并利用qRT-PCR分析盐旱胁迫处理下基因的表达特性。结果表明,该基因含有3个外显子和2个内含子,编码368个氨基酸,蛋白分子量为41.12 kDa,等电点为5.83。存在多种类型的启动子顺式作用元件,如光响应元件G-Box、ACE,干旱胁迫相关的MBS元件,与脱落酸激素响应相关的ABRE元件等。与其他植物的氨基酸序列相似性达到了80%以上,可见IbF3H的编码区高度保守,且黄烷酮3-羟化酶在进化上具有较高的保守性。IbF3H蛋白含有非血红素双加氧酶结构域（DIOX-N superfamily）和典型的F3H蛋白功能结构域（2OG-FeⅡ-Oxy加氧酶结构域）,属于双加氧酶超家族。IbF3H蛋白可能在细胞质中表达并且不具备跨膜结构。qRT-PCR研究结果表明,IbF3H基因并非组织特异性表达的基因,叶和茎表达量高于茎尖和根。模拟盐胁迫处理后,IbF3H基因表达量呈现先下降后上升的趋势;模拟干旱胁迫处理后,IbF3H基因表达量始终高于对照组,以响应逆境胁迫。本研究可为下一步探索IbF3H基因在调控甘薯类黄酮生物合成途径和功能作用奠定基础。     

激素IAA和ABA对小球藻（Chlorella sp.）生长和油脂积累的影响

从北部湾地区淡水水域分离得到一株高含油量小球藻藻株,将其培养在高碳培养基TAP上,研究不同浓度IAA和ABA对其生物量和油脂积累的影响。结果表明：添加10μmol/L IAA对藻株的生长有明显的促进作用,其最大生物量比对照组增加了58.24%,但其油脂含量却比对照组降低了34.71%;而当增加IAA浓度为20μmol/L时,对藻株的生长表现出明显的抑制作用,其最大生物量比对照组减少了53.60%,但其油脂含量与对照组相比显著增加,增加了95.46%。添加2μmol/L ABA对藻株生长的抑制作用极其明显,其生物量比对照组降低了57.52%,但其油脂含量与对照组相比显著提高,提高了121.49%。同时添加IAA（20μmol/L）和ABA（2μmol/L）的实验藻种的蛋白质和总糖的含量较对照组有所降低,此外也使叶绿素含量和光合效率降低。       

3-蒈烯对铜绿假单胞菌的抑菌活性及机理初探

为了开发一种新的食品防腐保鲜剂,本文初步研究了3-蒈烯对铜绿假单胞菌的抑菌活性及机理。通过肉汤稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）,评价了3-蒈烯的抑菌活性,考察了3-蒈烯对细菌生长曲线、细胞形态、细胞膜通透性、膜电位及呼吸链脱氢酶等的影响。结果表明：3-蒈烯对铜绿假单胞菌的MIC为20 mL/L,MBC为40 mL/L。3-蒈烯可以抑制铜绿假单胞菌的生长,破坏细胞的正常形态,提高细胞膜的通透性,造成蛋白质、电解质的外泄。3-蒈烯能够降低铜绿假单胞菌菌体的膜电位,干扰细胞正常代谢活动,还能抑制细胞内呼吸链脱氢酶的活性。综上所述,3-蒈烯通过破坏铜绿假单胞菌细胞膜,抑制细菌正常生长,导致细菌细胞死亡。     

橡胶树炭疽病生防内生菌的分离鉴定及抑菌作用研究

目前化学农药的缺点日益突显,研发环保的生防菌剂是当前绿色安全的一种方法,筛选具有抑制橡胶树炭疽病的生防菌株,为研发新型生防菌剂储备资源。本文采用组织培养法分离纯化橡胶树内生菌,平板对峙筛选拮抗菌株;通过菌株培养特征、生理生化、根据16S rRNA和gyrA基因序列构建系统发育树确定其分类地位;采用平板对峙法研究内生菌株的抗菌持久性、稳定性、广谱性;采用牛津杯法研究拮抗内生菌对杀菌剂的敏感性。从橡胶树健康的根组织中分离得到4株对橡胶树炭疽病具有抑制作用的细菌（Bac RZS3D4-1、Bac RZS3D4-2、Bac RZS3D4-3、Bac RZS3D4-4）,系统发育树分析结果显示这4株细菌与解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）亲缘关系很近,且培养性状和生理生化特征也与解淀粉芽孢杆菌相似。这4株内生菌的抗菌持久性强,抗菌稳定性好;对尖孢炭疽菌（Colletotrichum acutatum）DFMP1E和MLZZP3、小孢拟盘多毛孢（Pestalotiopsis microspora）MF375898均有较强的抑菌能力,对茄类镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）XJ160901的抑制作用较弱;对多菌灵、异菌脲、百菌清、苯醚甲环唑4种杀菌剂均不敏感,有望开发为生防菌剂。     

Siphonaxanthin,a Green Algal Carotenoid,as a Novel Functional Compound

Siphonaxanthin is a specific keto-carotenoid in green algae whose bio-functional properties are yet to be identified. This review focuses on siphonaxanthin as a bioactive compound and outlines the evidence associated with functionality. Siphonaxanthin has been reported to potently inhibit the viability of human leukemia HL-60 cells via induction of apoptosis. In comparison with fucoxanthin, siphonaxanthin markedly reduced cell viability as early as 6 h after treatment. The cellular uptake of siphonaxanthin was 2-fold higher than fucoxanthin. It has been proposed that siphonaxanthin possesses significant anti-angiogenic activity in studies using human umbilical vein endothelial cells and rat aortic ring. The results of these studies suggested that the anti-angiogenic effect of siphonaxanthin is due to the down-regulation of signal transduction by fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 in vascular endothelial cells. Siphonaxanthin also exhibited inhibitory effects on antigen-induced degranulation of mast cells. These findings open up new avenues for future research on siphonaxanthin as a bioactive compound, and additional investigation, especially in vivo studies, are required to validate these findings. In addition, further studies are needed to determine its bioavailability and metabolic fate.     

GA3对重瓣百合‘Carolina’生长及主要品质的影响

百合是花卉市场备受欢迎的球根花卉,花型美丽,花色淡雅,花香迷人,其中重瓣百合由于雄蕊退化、无花粉、花型优美、观赏期长等优点备受消费者青睐,本研究以东方型重瓣百合‘Carolina’为试材,采用6个不同浓度（50、100、200、400、600、800 mg/L）的GA₃对其进行叶面喷施处理,以清水为对照,通过测定其株高、茎粗及采后品质等指标,探讨GA₃对重瓣百合‘Carolina’生长及采后品质的影响。结果表明：栽培试验中400 mg/L GA₃对促进‘Carolina’株高、花苞长度、花朵开放率效果最好,分别比对照高10.40%、9.13%、17.78%,达到极显著差异;800 mg/L GA₃对‘Carolina’叶绿素相对含量的积累有促进作用;100 mg/L GA₃对‘Carolina’整株花期延长效果最佳,比对照长10.64%;在种球方面,800 mg/L GA₃对种球单个鲜重、总重量和平均根数的促进作用较好。瓶插期间,100 mg/L GA₃对延缓花枝鲜重、提高花苞开放率、延长单朵花期和整株花期效果最好;600 mg/L GA₃对延缓瓶插叶绿素相对含量和MDA的积累,提高SOD和POD酶活性作用最佳,达到极显著差异。综合比较来看,600 mg/L GA₃对重瓣百合‘Carolina’作用效果最佳,400 mg/L次之。     

花叶鹅掌柴不同颜色叶片光合特性

以多年生花叶鹅掌柴(Schefflera odorata cv.Variegata)成年植株为试验材料,选择同一植株上的3种颜色叶片,分别为全绿叶(whole green leaf,WGL)、花叶(variegated leaf,VL)和黄叶(whole yellow leaf,WYL),测定其光合色素含量、光响应曲线...     

Functional Feeds to Tackle Meagre (Argyrosomus regius) Stress: Physiological Responses under Acute Stressful Handling Conditions

Marine algae are recognised sources of bioactive compounds that have attracted great interest as nutritional supplements for aquaculture fish. Intensive rearing conditions often expose fish to husbandry-related stressors, rendering fish more susceptible to disease and reducing production yields. The present work evaluated the potential of two marine algae extracts (Fucus vesiculosus and Nannochloropsis gaditana) as nutritional supplements to mitigate stress effects in meagre (Argyrosomus regius) exposed to an acute handling stress (AS). A plant-based diet was used as a control, and three other diets were prepared, which were similar to the control diet but supplemented with 1% of each algal extract or a combination of the two extracts (0.5% each). The effects of supplemented diets on stress biomarkers, antioxidant enzyme activities, and immune response were analysed in fish exposed to AS after 4 weeks of feeding. Supplemented diets did not affect growth performance but the inclusion of F. vesiculosus promoted higher feed efficiency, as compared to the control group. Dietary algal extracts supplementation reduced plasma glucose levels, increased white blood cell counts, and reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes when compared with the control. N. gaditana supplementation led to a reduction in hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity and glutathione levels, while F. vesiculosus supplementation increased muscle glutathione reductase activity and reduced lipid peroxidation. These findings support the potential of algal extracts as nutraceuticals in aquafeeds to enhance the ability of fish to cope with husbandry-related stressful conditions and ultimately improve fish health and welfare.     

橡胶树F3’H基因克隆及其功能分析

从橡胶树叶片转录组数据库中调取花青素合成途径中的关键酶类黄酮3’-羟化酶（F3’H）基因序列信息,通过RT-PCR扩增得到2个橡胶树F3’H基因,分别命名为HbF3’H1和HbF3’H2。通过荧光定量PCR分析发现,只有HbF3’H1基因在不同发育时期的橡胶树叶片和嫩茎中的表达水平与花青素的合成积累趋势完全一致。HbF3’H1所编码的蛋白属于P450超家族,具有保守的F3’H结构域,而且HbF3’H1基因的启动子中包含多种环境效应元件,说明HbF3’H1基因的表达受环境因子调控。通过农杆菌转化烟草发现,过表达HbF3’H1基因的烟草花瓣大量累积花青素,其颜色较非转基因烟草显著加深,同时,荧光定量PCR发现HbF3’H1表达水平与转基因烟草花瓣颜色呈正相关,说明HbF3’H1基因表达促进花青素的累积。本研究为阐明橡胶树花青素代谢途径奠定基础。     

稻瘟病菌中小G蛋白Rho3的假定互作蛋白MoKin1的功能分析

小G蛋白MoRho3在稻瘟病菌生命活动中具有重要的生物学功能。前期研究表明,MoRho3的缺失对于稻瘟病菌分生孢子的形态建设、附着胞萌发和侵入能力以及对宿主的致病性等表型都存在严重缺陷。为了进一步解析MoRho3在稻瘟病菌中的网络调控途径,通过生物信息学的方法预测了MoRho3的互作蛋白。在众多假定互作蛋白中,蛋白激酶MoKin1与酿酒酵母中KIN1和KIN2是同源蛋白。在酵母细胞中,KIN1和KIN2可以抑制△rho3的表型缺陷。为了验证在稻瘟病菌中MoKin1与MoRho3之间是否存在着相似的调控途径,本研究通过分析MoKin1与同源蛋白的进化关系,序列结构,定位状态以及相关的互作蛋白,揭示了MoKin1的功能特点,为后续病原菌中MoKin1与MoRho3互作机制的研究,以及病原菌致病机制的解析提供了新的思路和方向。     

Antifungal modes of action of metalaxyl, cyprofuram, benalaxyl and oxadixyl in phenylamide-sensitive and phenylamide-resistant strains of Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. medicaginis and Phytophthora infestans

The activity of the phenylamide fungicides metalaxyl, cyprofuram, benalaxyl and oxadixyl against phenylamide-sensitive and phenylamide-resistant strains of Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. medicaginis and Phytophthora infestans has been compared in several tests. Metalaxyl showed the highest activity amongst the four fungicides against mycelial growth of sensitive strains on agar media. Benalaxyl and cyprofuram showed the highest activity against resistant strains. RNA synthesis of sensitive strains, measured as [³H]uridine incorporation, was inhibited by about 80% (P. megasperma) and by about 40% (P. infestans) by all phenylamides at concentrations of 1 μg/ml. At higher concentrations inhibition remained at this level, indicating that only part of the RNA synthesis was inhibited. RNA synthesis of resistant strains was completely insensitive to metalaxyl and oxadixyl at concentrations as high as 200 μg/ml. Cyprofuram, however, at concentrations above 1 μg/ml (P. megasperma) and 10 μg/ml (P. infestans) was inhibitory and at 200 μg/ml this compound almost completely inhibited the phenylamide-sensitive part of the RNA synthesis of both strains. In contrast to the other phenylamides, benalaxyl affected [³H]uridine uptake into mycelium at concentrations higher than 10 μg/ml, and at 100 μg/ml inhibition of uptake was almost total with both sensitive and resistant strains of both Phytophthora species. Inhibition of [³H]uridine uptake obviously is a feature of a second mechanism of action of benalaxyl. Endogenous RNA polymerase activity of isolated nuclei from sensitive strains of P. megasperma was inhibited at phenylamide concentrations as low as 0·1 μg/ml whereas that from resistant strains was not affected at concentrations as high as 100 μg/ml. Similarly, endogenous nuclear RNA polymerase activity of sensitive P. infestans strains appeared to be more sensitive to the phenylamides than that of resistant P. infestans strains. This suggests that resistance that developed in field strains of P. infestans has a basis similar to that of mutagen-induced resistance in laboratory strains of P. megasperma. Tests of the fungicidal activity of the phenylamides determined in a lucerne seedling assay (P. megasperma) and a detached potato leaf assay (P. infestans) clearly differentiated between sensitive and resistant strains. Resistance levels to cyprofuram and benalaxyl were as high as those to metalaxyl and oxadixyl, indicating that the additional effect of a second mechanism of action of benalaxyl and the property of cyprofuram to inhibit RNA synthesis of resistant strains at higher concentrations are of limited practical importance for counteracting phenylamide resistance.     

韭菜根系分泌物对苦瓜枯萎病菌的化感作用

为探究韭菜根系分泌物对苦瓜枯萎病菌的化感作用,本研究以‘山东雪韭6号’韭菜和苦瓜枯萎病菌为试验材料,水培法收集韭菜根系分泌物,采用菌丝生长速率和孢子萌发法研究韭菜根系分泌物对苦瓜枯萎病菌的化感作用;利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）鉴定根系分泌物组成成分,筛选可能的主效化感物质,进一步通过体外抑菌试验验证其化感作用,明确主效化感物质。结果表明,随着韭菜根系分泌物浓度的升高,苦瓜枯萎病菌的菌落直径和孢子萌发数均呈先降后升的趋势,当分泌物浓度为3.22 mg/mL时,抑制作用最大,满足化感作用低浓度促进、高浓度抑制的特性。通过GC-MS鉴定出韭菜根系分泌物中的主要成分为酚类、酯类、烷烃类、醇类、烯类、芳香类,可能的化感物质为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、2,4-二叔丁基苯酚、2,2°-亚甲基双-(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)。通过体外抑菌试验证实这3种物质对苦瓜枯萎病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发都有不同程度的化感抑制作用,且抑菌效果为2,4-二叔丁基苯酚>邻苯二甲酸二丁酯>2,2°-亚甲基双-(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚),明确其为化感物质。由此可知,韭菜根系分泌的主效化感物质对苦瓜枯萎病菌有显著的化感抑制作用,这为苦瓜间套轮作韭菜防控苦瓜枯萎病和研制植物源抑菌剂提供了理论依据和技术支撑。