浅谈鸡的气雾免疫

气雾免疫，省工省力，且对呼吸道有亲嗜性的疫苗特别有效，近年来采用气雾免疫的鸡群正在逐渐增多。下面详细介绍一下气雾免疫的原理及操作注意事项。     

浅谈鸡的气雾免疫

气雾免疫,省工省力,且对呼吸道有亲嗜性的疫苗特别有效(例如鸡新城疫IV系弱毒疫苗和传染性支气管炎弱毒疫苗等),所以近年来采用气雾免疫的鸡群正在逐渐增多。下面详细介绍气雾免疫的原理及操作注意事项。     

养禽场气雾和注射免疫操作注意事项

气雾免疫的注意事项 气雾免疫,省工省力,且对呼吸道有亲嗜性的疫苗特别有效（例如鸡新城疫Ⅳ系弱毒疫苗和传染性支气管炎弱毒疫苗等）,由于气雾免疫不仅可刺激黏膜产生分泌型的IgA等,形成局部免疫力,又可引起全身性的免疫应答,形成体内广泛而有效的免疫保护作用,因此,气雾免疫法是一种值得稳步推广的免疫方法,气雾免疫时应注一意以下问题。     

规模化养殖场的气雾免疫

近年来,随着中国养禽业的发展。许多养殖场和专业户,都力求减少劳动力成本来增加利润,在使用疫苗时,也尽量采用方便省事的方法,例如饮水法,但饮水免疫不能诱导鸡只对呼吸道感染产生坚强的免疫力。尤其是呼吸道局部免疫状态低下．往往不能抵抗野毒的入侵。在选择较好免疫方法来提高鸡群对呼吸道疾病的免疫力时．滴眼和滴鼻法可获得良好的免疫效果。但由于逐只接种,工作量较大,也难以保证疫苗都全部进入每只鸡的眼内和鼻孔内．因而常常导致鸡群的免疫状态不均衡。气雾法免疫不但省工省力．而且对呼吸道有亲嗜性的疫苗特别有效．例如鸡新城疫Ⅱ、Ⅳ系弱毒疫苗和传染性支气管炎弱毒疫苗等。早期通过喷雾免疫,尽早接种通过局部免疫建立第一道屏障．为鸡只的健康打下基础。所以近年来采用气雾免疫的鸡群正在逐渐增多。但是在实际操作过程中,我们对气雾免疫的理论和具体操作存在一些误区,为了更好地做好气雾免疫,下面根据我们公司的实际经验与大家分享。     

鸡的气雾免疫

家禽的免疫接种常用的方法有 :肌肉注射、皮下注射、滴眼、滴鼻、饮水、气雾、翼膜刺种、羽毛囊涂擦、擦肛等 [1]。在免疫接种时应根据各种疫苗的要求及生产实际中的具体情况来选择合适的接种途径。近年来 ,随着中国养禽业的发展 ,许多家禽养殖场和专业户 ,都力求减少劳动力成本来增加利润 ,在使用疫苗时 ,也尽量采用方便省事的方法 ,例如饮水法 ,但饮水免疫不能诱导家禽对呼吸道感染产生坚强的免疫力 ,尤其是呼吸道局部免疫状态低下 ,往往不能抵抗野毒的入侵。在选择较好免疫方法来提高鸡群对呼吸道疾病的免疫力时 ,滴眼和滴鼻法可获得良好…     

鸡群喷雾免疫六要素

喷雾免疫就是利用高压使稀释的疫苗雾化．并均匀地悬浮于空气中,雾化后的疫苗随着呼吸进入鸡体,从而使鸡获得免疫。但有一点需要明确。只有预防呼吸道疾病的疫苗才可以通过喷雾方式进行免疫,如鸡新城疫Ⅱ、Ⅳ系弱毒疫苗,以及新城疫传染性支气管炎L—H120等疫苗。另外．在鸡群发生呼吸道疾病时不能进行喷雾免疫．否则不仅不会产生理想的免疫效果,反而还可能加重病情,使得病情进一步恶化,给养殖业带来巨大经济损失。下面就如何正确使用好喷雾免疫谈几点注意事项。     

鸡群的喷雾免疫

1明确免疫原理 喷雾免疫是利用气压使稀释的疫苗雾化,并均匀地悬浮于空气中,雾化的疫苗随呼吸进入鸡体,使鸡获得免疫力。只有预防呼吸道疾病的疫苗才可以通过喷雾方式进行免疫,如鸡新城疫Ⅱ、Ⅳ系弱毒疫苗和鸡传染性支气管炎弱毒疫苗等。     

鸡群喷雾免疫须知

1注意对症用药喷雾免疫是为预防吸道疾病而通过喷雾的方式利用气压使稀释的疫苗得到雾化．并均匀地悬浮于空气中,然后雾化的疫苗随鸡的呼吸进入体内,使鸡体获得免疫力。只有预防呼吸道传染病的疫苗才可以通过喷雾的方式进行免疫．如鸡新城疫Ⅱ、Ⅳ系弱毒疫苗和鸡传染性支气管炎弱毒疫苗等。但是,当鸡已经发生呼吸道疾病时,则不能进行喷雾免疫。     

鸡群喷雾免疫九注意

1 注意明确免疫的疫病 喷雾免疫是利用气压使稀释的疫苗雾化,并均匀地悬浮于空气中,然后雾化的疫苗随呼吸进入鸡体,使鸡获得免疫力.因此,只有预防呼吸道疾病的疫苗才可以通过喷雾的方式进行免疫,如鸡新城疫Ⅱ、Ⅳ系弱毒疫苗和鸡传染性支气管炎弱毒疫苗等.但是,当鸡已经发生呼吸道疾病时,则不能进行喷雾免疫.否则,不仅不会产生理想效果,而且还可能使病情加重.     

鸡的气雾免疫

本文主要介绍鸡气雾免疫的利与弊及其实施中的注意事项。1气雾免疫的有效性气雾免疫简便而有效,对鸡呼吸道疾病的免疫效果很理想。气雾法免疫是利用气泵将空气压缩,然后通过气雾发生器,使稀释的疫苗形成雾化粒子,均匀的悬浮     

Effect of exogenous prolactin on immunity in chickens

The effect of exogenous prolactin on the number of peripheral white blood cells (WBC), anti-sheep red blood cell (anti-sheep RBC) and anti-rabbit red blood cell (anti-rabbit RBC) agglutinins was investigated in White Leghorn cockerels immunised twice with sheep RBC. It was found that prolactin, when administered for five days after second immunisation, raised production of anti-sheep RBC antibodies and lymphocyte number in comparison with the control group given injections of the solvent. Repeated injections of the solvent resulted in statistically significant differences in the number of granulocytes and lymphocytes.     

Suppression of humoral immunity in chickens with carrageenans

Carrageenans (CGN), sulphated polygalactans, have been reported to be cytotoxic for macrophages in vitro. On this basis, the effect of the 3 major CGN types on humoral immune responses in chickens was investigated. Carrageenan had no effect on body and lymphoid organ weights. Histologically, CGN produced a significant proliferation of reticuloendothelial cells in liver and spleen, but no changes were observed in lymphocyte populations of the bursa of Fabricius, thymus, or spleen. Intracoelomic pretreatment with high doses of CGN induced a marked suppression of primary responses to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) given by the same route. However, if SRBC were injected intravenously into chickens already treated intracoelomically with CGN, no evidence of suppression was demonstrated. Antibody responses to Brucella abortus (BA), a T-independent antigen, were not affected by intracoelomic treatment with CGN. Intravenous pretreatment with CGN did not alter antibody responses to SRBC and BA given by the same route.     

免疫如何对鸡群产生保护

本文主要论述了记忆免疫应答如何保护鸡只抵御马立克疾病以及雏鸡入舍早期生物安全的重要性。     

黄芪素对鸡免疫力的影响

将3000只14日龄AA肉鸡随机分为6组。空白对照组500只隔离饲养．不做任何处理．其余5组分别用新城疫Ⅳ苗免疫。同时饮水给药。免疫对照组不额外添加药物．药物对照组按0．12％的盐酸左旋咪唑-黄芪多糖可溶性粉混饮。试验组分别按0．05％、0．03％和0．01％3个剂量的黄芪素混饮,连用7d。在第28日龄时进行二免,分别于一免后第7、14、21和28d每组随机抽取6羽,翅下静脉采血,分离血清,用伊微量法检测ND—HI抗体效价。结果表明．黄芪素能显著提高新城疫苗免疫雏鸡的血清抗体效价．以饮水添加量为0．05％效果最好。其次为0．03％和0．01％．明显优于盐酸左旋咪唑-黄芪多糖可溶性粉。     

Acquired immunity to Eimeria tenella in lasalocid-treated chickens

The effect of restricted medication with lasalocid sodium on the development of acquired immunity against Eimeria tenella was evaluated. The medication was allowed for all or part of 6-day test period (one day before until 4 days after infection). The parameters used for such evaluations were lesion score, caecal, bursal and splenic weights. The optimum treatment time for the drug was clearly indicated by lesion score which was very low when the medication was initiated 1 day before until 1 day after inoculation, but only partly effective if given on Day 2 post-inoculation. The challenge with higher doses on 14th day of immunizing infection revealed a reverse picture where the higher lesions were recorded by the groups where medication was started earlier than the delayed treatment groups. This indicates partial interference with the development of immunity in the earlier treatment groups. Birds treated on Day 4 p.i. were not significantly different (P less than 0.05) from the infected unmedicated control group, suggesting no interference in acquired immunity. A correlation was noticed between day of treatment, the lesion score and weight gain of the caecum as well as the spleen. After both immunizing and challenge infections, the bursa did not show any significant variation in weight, whereas the weight of the spleen did vary. The infected unmedicated group and the delayed-treatment groups had a comparatively higher splenic weight than the uninfected unmedicated group of birds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

鸡群免疫失败的原因及常见问题分析

１疫苗质量问题１．１疫苗的抗原量不足抗原量不足，导致免疫后抗体上升的滴度不高，维持时间不长。１．２做疫苗所用的毒（菌）株免疫原性差抗原量达到了标准而所选的疫苗株免疫原性差，疫苗同样不能很好地产生免疫抗体，或产生的抗体不能有效地对抗当地的流行株。１．３疫苗被污染疫苗在生产过程中若污染有其他病原，则会在疫苗接种的同时将新病传给鸡群，如在用普通鸡胚生产冻干疫苗时，许多疾病如禽脑脊髓炎（AE）、禽白血病（AL）、禽支原体病（MG）等容易通过鸡胚传播。因此，生产疫苗最好使用无特定病原（SPF）种蛋，实现疫苗的S…