马铃薯合作88号肥胖与密度丰产栽培试验

利用二元二次回归组合设计，研究宣威红壤马铃薯专用肥和密度措施对马铃薯产量的影响，结果表明：肥料与密度对马铃薯产量的效应曲线都为开口向下的抛物线；产量＞37500kg/hm^2的优化栽培措施为：马铃薯专用肥1937．55kg/hm^2,种植密度40620株／hm^2。     

马铃薯新品种宣薯4号高产栽培探索

运用三元二次回归通用旋转组合设计,以对马铃薯宣薯4号产量形成影响较大的栽培措施为决策因子,产量为目标函数,建立栽培密度(X1)、施马铃薯专用肥量(X2)和种薯单薯重量(X3)与产量的数学模型,并通过模拟寻优,提出马铃薯宣薯4号单产3 000 kg/667 m2以上的优化农艺栽培措施量化指标。三因素互作都显示正效应,单因素对产量形成影响呈现种薯单薯重量(X3)>栽培密度(X1)>施马铃薯专用肥量(X2),栽培密度(X1)和施马铃薯专用肥量(X2)的单产呈现单峰值。     

鄂马铃薯5号脱毒原原种种植密度及施肥量最佳水平组合

马铃薯脱毒种薯是目前国内外解决马铃薯品种退化、产量降低、品质下降的最有效措施。由于原原种生产成本高且数量有限,生产中需要进行原种扩繁和一、二级生产种薯繁育。为研究脱毒马铃薯原原种鄂马铃薯5号的高产栽培技术,本研究采用正交试验设计,对扩繁过程中种植密度、N、P2O5、K2O施用量进行研究。结果表明:种植密度为120 000株/hm2,纯N施用量为180 kg/hm2,P2O5施用量为90 kg/hm2,K2O施用量为330 kg/hm2是原种扩繁生产中各因素最佳水平组合。     

专用肥对马铃薯产量及效益的影响

针对马铃薯的吸肥特性和土壤养分含量状况 ,科学配制而成的马铃薯专用肥 ,每公顷施75 0kg专用肥 ,比常规施肥 ,无论生育状况、产量、品质还是商品性均明显提高 ,其效益增加显著。Ⅰ型专用肥、Ⅱ型专用肥和Ⅲ型专用肥分别比常规施肥每公顷增产 5 45 6、 6 0 6 0和 75 75kg ,增产幅度分别为 2 0 4 7%、 2 2 72 %和 2 8 4 0 % ;增值分别为 2 0 2 6 5元、 3979 5元和 4 811元 ,增值幅度分别为 2 5 3%、 5 0 0 %和 6 0 0 %。     

马铃薯大垄高产栽培技术

齐齐哈尔市是马铃薯的盛产区 ,全市种植面积 13.3万hm2 ,最高年份可达 2 0万hm2 ,平均产量 195 0 0～2 2 5 0 0kg/hm2 ,经过马铃薯大垄高产栽培技术研究示范后两年 ,产量平均为 2 6 2 5 0kg/hm2 ,可多产马铃薯 375 0kg/hm2 。全市两年共计推广马铃薯大垄高产栽培技术6 .5万hm2 ,新增总产 2 4 375万kg(按 0 .6元 /kg计算 ) ,可新增收 14 6 2 .5万元 ,经济效益十分可观。其主要栽培技术有以下几方面。1　选择优质高产良种在品种选择上 ,首先根据市场需求 ,合理安排。外销薯以鲁引 1号 ,早大白 ,尤金 ,东农 30 3,克新 4号为主 ;食用薯品种为苏…     

宿根甘蔗套种马铃薯宽窄行栽培技术研究

为提高宿根甘蔗套种马铃薯经济效益,通过采用宽窄行种植、多种密度处理的方法,研究宿根甘蔗套种马铃薯中马铃薯密度与甘蔗产量和品质、马铃薯产量和商品率、土地复合产值和新增纯收入之间的关系。结果表明：在播幅为2.0 m的宿根甘蔗套种马铃薯宽窄行栽培中,当马铃薯密度达3.0万粒/hm2时,土地复合产值最高、经济效益最好,其中,马铃薯产量达28 600 kg/hm2,商品率达72.3％;甘蔗产量达168 000 kg/hm2,比纯种增16.2％;甘蔗糖锤度达19.9％,比纯种提高0.3个百分点;复合产值达135 985元/hm2,比甘蔗纯种增119.7％;新增纯收入122 905 元/hm2,比甘蔗纯种增151.8％。     

精播麦套花生套期、肥料与密度优化配置

大田条件下采用二次饱和D—最优设计建立了精播麦套花生套期、密度和N肥与产量的数学模型。分析表明: (1)套期与密度、密度与肥料间呈负向交互效应。套期晚,花生适宜密度应相应增加;密度增加,N肥用量可适当减少。套期与肥料呈正向交互效应,套期早, N 肥用量也应适当增加。( 2) 麦套花生最高产量可达到5 795. 4kg/hm2 ,相应的措施组合为:麦收前22d套种,每公顷播20. 7万株,施N 89. 3kg。产量在4 500～5 250kg/hm2 范围内的措施组合为:麦收前18～29d套种,每公顷播18. 8～22. 2万株,施N 49. 4～90. 7kg;产量在5 250～5 795kg/hm2范围内的措施组合为:麦收前17～22d套种,每公顷播18. 9～22. 7万株,施N 72. 7～108. 9kg。(3)夏直播花生最高产量可达到4 873. 0kg/hm2 ,相应的措施组合为:每公顷播20. 8万株,施N 85. 4 kg/hm2。     

闽东南沿海炸片用马铃薯品种“大西洋”的栽培综合农艺措施研究

采用二次通用旋转回归设计方法 ,研究了炸片用马铃薯品种“大西洋”的主要栽培措施(种植密度、农肥、N肥、P肥和K肥 )与产量的关系 ,结果表明 ,各参试因子对产量影响的大小程度依次排序为 :农肥 >K肥 >密度 >N肥 >P肥。经计算机模拟寻优 ,获得了高产数学模型和最佳农艺措施组合方案。 6 6 7m2 产量大于 15 5 0kg的农艺组合方案有 345套 ,其 95 %的置信区域是 :密度36 2 6～ 380 0穴 ,农肥 2 2 4 3 5～ 2 379 5kg ,N肥 6 16 4～ 6 82 0kg ,P肥 3 85 1～ 4 14 9kg ,K肥11 12 2～ 11 6 11kg。农艺措施的中心值是 :密度 3717穴 ,农肥 2 311 5kg ,N肥 6 4 92kg ,P肥 4 0kg ,K肥 11 39kg。     

甘蔗套种马铃薯多种密度栽培技术研究

为研究甘蔗套种马铃薯的最佳播种密度,提高土地复合产值,实现种植效益最大化。通过连续2 a开展新植蔗和宿根蔗套种马铃薯多种密度栽培试验,研究不同种植条件下甘蔗和马铃薯的产量、品质及经济效益。结果表明,新植蔗田中马铃薯的最佳套种密度为4.5万粒/hm2,宿根蔗田中马铃薯的最佳套种密度为3.9万粒/hm2。其中,新植蔗田马铃薯产量达35 275 kg/hm2,甘蔗产量增19.9%,糖锤度提高1.2个百分点,土地复合产值增99.7%,新增纯收入126.3%;宿根蔗田马铃薯产量达24 115 kg/hm2,甘蔗产量增19.2%,糖锤度提高1.3个百分点,土地复合产值增89.9%,新增纯收入110.5%。     

密度及氮磷钾施肥量对夏大豆邯豆5号产量影响

以高产优质夏大豆邯豆5号为材料,采用四元二次回归正交旋转组合设计,研究种植密度和氮、磷、钾施肥量对邯豆5号产量的影响,建立了产量与种植密度和肥料之间的数学模型。结果表明,对邯豆5号产量的影响施磷量(X3)>施氮量(X2)>施钾量(X4)>种植密度(X1);邯豆5号理论产量的最大值为4399.5kg/hm2,相应的栽培措施是密度22.5万株/hm2,N120kg/hm2,P2O5180kg/hm2,K2O75kg/hm2。     

THE EFFECT OF THE TIME AND LEVEL OF INJECTION OF ANHYDROUS AMMONIA ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF GRASSLAND

Four levels of nitrogen, 188, 285, 358 and 392 kgJ.ha (150, 225, 285 and 350 units/ac) supplied as anhydrous ammonia were injected on each of four occasions, 18 Dec, 5 Feb., 12 Mar. and 16 Apr. DM and CP yields were estimated at each of three harvests taken on 4 June, 19 July and 28 Sept Total DM yields showed only a 10% difference between the highest yielding injection date, 12 Mar., which yielded 12270 kg/ha (10946 Ib/ac) and the lowest, 16 Apr., which yielded 11169 kgJ.ha (9963 Ib/ac). Early injection of ammonia promoted growth during the late spring and later injections resulted in increased yields at the two later harvests. The responses per kg fertilizer N were 11.9 kg DM (10.8 lb/unit) and 3.6 kg CP (3–3 Ib/unit). It was concluded that ammonia should be applied to grassland before April and, preferably, during March, for maximum yields of DM and CP.     

THE ROLE OF GREEN SOILING IN THE ECONOMY OF THE DAIRY FARM

With modern machinery and modem techniques of grass production, mechanical-or zero-grazing offers a means of utilizing the crop to perfection. Whether this results in enhanced profits depends largely upon the farm and the specific circumstances. It may, it may not. What is evident is that the health of the cows is not affected by an unnatural manner of summer feeding; the sward, per se, may be improved by the regular and uniform defoliation; and under conditions of intensive production and the vital need to use profitably every blade of grass, as for instance on small, highly-rented farms, the practice of zero-grazing merits the most careful consideration. It cannot lightly be dismissed as merely a new fad.     

THE USE OF THE FORAGE HARVESTER IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF ROUGH GRAZING

Considerable improvement has been achieved in rough grazings by fairly frequent close mowing with the forage harvester or flail mower, particularly when combined with manuring and surface seeding.
The implement has proved capable of tackling very tough vegetation and converting it into grazing swards of fair value and good botanical composition. Undesirable species have been largely eliminated by treatment over two growing seasons.
The method is believed to compare favourably in cost with sward renovation by cultivation or by herbicides.     

THE USE OF THE IN VITRO TECHNIQUE IN THE DETERMINATION OF THE DIGESTIBILITY OF GRASS/LEGUME MIXTURES

The in vitro dry-matter digestibility was determined of two samples of Digitaria decumbens , one sample of Medicago sativa , and one sample of Trifolium repens and nine mixtures prepared from these samples.
When the results were compared with in vivo digestibilities the standard errors of the regressions for the three combinations of legume, grass and legume/grass mixtures were ±0.6, ±0.6 and ±1.5 percentage units, respectively.
It is considered that in vivo digestibility of mixtures of grasses and legumes can be estimated by the in vitro technique, provided that suitable grass and legume standards are included.     

光周期对马铃薯块茎形成的影响及对激素的调节

马铃薯出苗后接受１个月的每日８小时短日照处理并与当时自然光照长度进行比较，研究光照长度对块茎形成及内源激素②的影响，探讨块茎形成与激素水平的关系。结果表明：短日照处理使块茎形成显著提早，但使结薯数减少，植株茎叶生长受抑，块茎淀粉含量降低；短日照处理使叶片中ＡＢＡ含量提早增高，ＧＡ３含量提早减少，ＧＡ３与ＡＢＡ的比值提早显著降低．     

THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE IN THE MASS ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SILAGE

The effect of temperature on silage quality was investigated in a series of trials over a period of three years.
The results indicated that when conditions in the silage were favourable for the formation of lactic acid, either through treatment or because of the herbage itself, low temperatures in the mass had no adverse effect on silage quality.
Some results suggest that, with chopped or lacerated silage, low maximum temperatures are associated with better quality silage. The results, however, were not entirely consistent.
There appeared to be little or no advantage in allowing unchopped silage to heat to 100°F.     

THE AUTOMATIC RECORDING OF THE GRAZING BEHAVIOUR OF DAIRY COWS

A technique for the automatic recording of the grazing behaviour of dairy cows was investigated, using ‘Vibracorders’ which transmit grazing movement via a pendulum and stylus to a 24 h recording chart. The total labour input was 2 h/day for 6 cows, which gave 144 h of results. In 2 months, 3312 h of recording were obtained. Total grazing time per cow in 24 h was 559 min. on a rigid rotational system of grazing and 638 min. on a system of set stocking. Grazing time was significantly and negatively related to the yield of available herbage DM. It is concluded that if the Vibracorders are sealed and fitted correctly, they are simple, reliable and accurate instruments for automatically measuring the grazing behaviour of dairy cows.