共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
2.
建立了流域污染防治生态效益的评价指标体系,采用直接市场法、市场替代法及效益费用分析法等对巢湖流域污染防治的生态效益进行了分析和评价,为政府部门的下一步工程实施提供支持,以提高污染防治工程科技含量和生态效益,更好地为政府做出宏观决策服务,实现流域的可持续发展。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
生态系统服务将生态系统结构、过程与人类福祉联系起来,对其进行价值评估是促进区域可持续发展、获得经济和生态双重效应的前提与基础。本文基于DEM数字高程数据、水资源数据、土地利用数据、土壤数据和气象数据,使用InVEST模型评估东江湖流域1980—2020年的水源涵养、土壤保持和碳储存三种生态系统服务物质量,并利用市场价值法和影子工程法等,计算该区域三种生态系统服务总价值。结果表明:1980年、1990年、2000年、2010年、2020年东江湖流域的生态系统服务价值分别为1 861.251、1 423.969、1 969.677、1 601.154、1 726.055千万元。为实现东江湖流域生态系统服务价值,应构建东江湖流域生态产品权益交易机制,健全东江湖流域生态资源产品经营开发机制,进一步完善生态保护补偿制度。 相似文献
6.
基于林业等专题数据,确定伊河流域自然地理状况的一级分区及生态服务功能为主导的二级分区,结合乡镇界线形成74个森林景观恢复区,设置9类森林景观恢复技术,评定伊河流域森林景观恢复实施后生态服务价值的变化。结果表明:原始林的改造、能动经营和农林复合经营是伊河流域森林景观恢复的重点。实施森林景观恢复后,生态服务总价值为406.2亿元,是恢复前的1.33倍。在流域景观尺度上进行自然地理和主导服务功能的区划,结合乡镇界确定恢复区并实施FLR技术的方法,对促进山水林田湖草生态保护修复有一定的指导作用。 相似文献
7.
《西部林业科学》2017,(4)
利用洱海流域2016年新一轮森林资源规划设计调查成果,采用市场价值法、影子工程法等研究方法,对其生态系统服务功能的直接价值和间接价值进行评估。结果表明,洱海流域的生态系统服务功能价值每年达88.13×10~8元,约占流域区国民生产总值448.38×10~8元的20%,其中:直接价值为22.53×10~8元/a,间接价值(65.60×10~8元/a)是直接价值的3倍。按价值贡献大小排列前3位分别是涵养水源价值(24.10×10~8元)、保育土壤价值(18.84×10~8元)、提供林副产品价值(18.22×10~8元)。这充分表明流域区森林生态系统在蓄水保土及维持当地社会经济可持续发展中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
8.
9.
为探讨人为干预下黄土高原清水河流域土地利用类型变化及其对生态系统服务的影响,以清水河流域1959,1986和2007年3个时期的土地利用类型为对象,对该流域的生态系统服务价值进行了研究,结果表明:三个时期清水河流域总面积的97%以上为林地、草地和农田;从1959—2007年土地利用表现为林地面积的增加,草地和农田面积的减少;3种生态系统的综合服务价值除废物处理和食物生产外,其他各项服务价值从1959—2007年均表现为递增,增幅由大到小依次为气体调节>原材料>水源涵养>生物多样性保护>土壤形成和保护>气候调节和娱乐文化。由此可见,在追求总生态服务价值的基础上,在该流域不能只追求林地面积的增加,在进行生态环境建设时应充分考虑当地的水资源和经济发展的需要。 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
CHEN Yong CHEN Jie Research Institute of Forestry Policy Information Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing P. R. China 《中国林业科技(英文版)》2006,5(3):81-92
Market for environmental services (MES), which is also called as payments for environmental services (PES), is the innovation for incentive mechanism that establishes the relations between suppliers and beneficiary of environmental services mainly through correct price signals (Landell-Mills et al. 2002). As early as the era of Plato, people began realizing that they must live off on the environment. The alleging of environmental services to humans, however, appeared for the first time in t… 相似文献
13.
作为平衡流域经济社会发展利益相关者生态利益与经济利益的政策工具,流域生态补偿机制在实践过程中有效缓解了流域生态保护者与受益者之间的利益冲突,促进了生态保护与经济协同发展。文中通过案例分析与归纳,梳理近10年来新安江、汀江、长江等典型流域生态补偿政策实施的综合效益;结合“十四五”乃至更长一段时间流域绿色高质量发展需求,指出中国流域生态补偿政策实践具有较好的政策综合效益,其中改善与提升流域生态环境最为显著,但也存在水质改善即将面临天花板、政策对经济发展产生的正向影响有限、上下游未建立起共建与共享机制等问题;提出完善流域生态补偿机制的建议,包括建立政府主导下的多元合作共治机制、多元平衡保护者与受益者利益的途径、科学精准的流域生态补偿技术体系、高效闭环的生态补偿政策调整优化机制和公众有效参与机制。 相似文献
14.
15.
16.
《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(3-4):247-264
Abstract New markets for ecosystem services have emerged in response to the failure of traditional biodiversity conservation mechanisms to effectively protect and conserve the processes that support ecosystem function and process (Landell-Mills and Porras, 2002; Pagiola et al., 2002). Sustainable tourism-one market tool that potentially supports biodiversity servicesaims to balance the environmental, economic, and socio-cultural features of tourism development by maintaining environmental resources, the socio-cultural livelihoods of host communities, and providing stakeholder benefits (WTO, 2004). Proponents claim that sustainable tourism contributes toward maintaining biodiversity, while critics fear that marketing various components of biodiversity as distinct services (e.g., only protecting unique places for sustainable tourism, and only protecting extremely biodiverse places for bioprospecting), fails to protect the integrity of the functioning, and dynamic ecosystem (Landell-Mills and Porras, 2002). This chapter serves as one section of a four-part analysis of existing and emerging markets for biodiversity services using Panama as a case study. Based on projections of future sustainable tourism markets, this analysis presents policy options that could positively augment future sustainable tourism ventures. 相似文献
17.
Guiding Principles for Small-Scale Forestry in a Watershed of the Venezuelan Andes: Constraints and Opportunities 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
In the Venezuelan Andes, some small-scale forest plantations have become an important resource basis for forest management.
In this paper, the forestry management progress in the Mucujún river watershed is analyzed. Constraints and opportunities
for sustainable management within national policies, local regulations, environmental features and social benefits are also
examined. Plantation assessment, and biophysical, legal and socioeconomics information, are used for guiding small-scale forestry
practices in this watershed, with emphasis on the main principles of landscape management. These plantations have become an
important part of the socio-ecological landscapes with potential for wood production—in the context of low intensity and low
environmental impact environmental services and amenity—because of the two protected areas within the watershed. Current forest
stand conditions, however, reflect that management requires improvement. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that improvement
of local livelihoods may be achieved with a small-scale forestry approach, taking properly into account the basic criteria
of social involvement and management of planted forests, while maintaining ecosystem services including biodiversity and water
supply. 相似文献
18.
The watershed services provided by tropical natural and planted forests are critical to human well-being. An increasing number of valuation studies and experiences with payment for ecosystem services have dealt with the role of ecosystems in regulating the flow of water. However, several studies and experiences have been based on misconceptions about the role of forests and plantations in the hydrological cycle, despite the publication of many reviews by hydrologists. The objective of this paper is to evaluate whether meta-analyses applied to studies comparing water flows in tropical watersheds under natural or planted forests and non-forest lands can provide useful results for valuing watershed ecosystem services and making decisions. The meta-analyses show significantly lower total flows or base flows under planted forests than non-forest land uses. Meta-analyses conducted with subsamples of the data also show lower total flow and higher base flow under natural forests than non-forest land uses. However, the available studies were restricted to humid climates and particular forest types (Pinus and Eucalyptus planted forests and lowland natural forests). The small number of available studies with sufficient original data is a major constraint in the application of meta-analyses. This represents a major technical challenge for valuation studies or payment for ecosystem services, especially in countries where financial resources for implementing field research are scarce. 相似文献