基于主成分分析的精料、构树和全株玉米青贮的组合效应评价

本试验旨在利用主成分分析评价精料、构树和全株玉米青贮以不同比例组合后的组合效应，筛选最佳组合比例。试验设计3个精粗比(40∶60，50∶50，60∶40)，15种日粮组合比例，利用体外模拟瘤胃发酵测定15个组合的瘤胃发酵指标，通过主成分分析法对其进行综合评价。精粗比40∶60时，40∶60∶0和40∶45∶15组的氨态氮(NH₃-N)含量较高；精粗比50∶50时，50∶0∶50，50∶12.5∶37.5和50∶25∶25组的72 h产气量(GP₇₂)较高(P>0.05)，50∶25∶25组的NH₃-N含量最高；精粗比60∶40时，60∶10∶30组的乙酸(AA)、丙酸(PA)和总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。精料∶构树∶全株玉米青贮比例为60∶10∶30，综合主成分值最大。在本试验条件下，日粮中添加构树可以改善肉牛体外瘤胃发酵性能，当精料∶构树∶全株玉米青贮比例为60∶10∶30时，组合效果最佳。     

Effect of Different Concentrate-roughage Ratios on Rumen Degradability of Cassava Stems and Leaves Total Mixed Ration in Goat

The rumen degradations of TMR were studied in this experiment,in which cassava stems and leaves were used as roughage and formulated with concentrate in different proportions.The purpose of this study was to formulate the available TMR for finishing goat,and provide a theoretical basis for the applications of cassava stems and leaves in goat production.Six Hainan Black goats with permanent rumen fistulas were selected,the rumen degradabilities of DM,CP,NDF and ADF of TMR with 6 different concentrate to forage ratio（2:8,3:7,4:6,5:5,6:4 and 7:3）were tested using nylon bag method.The results showed that,the DM effective degradabilities at the ratio of 4:6,5:5,6:4,7:3 were significantly higher than that of 2:8 and 3:7（P<0.05).CP effective degradabilities at the ratio of 2:8,3:7,4:6 were significantly higher than that of 5:5,6:4 and 7:3（P<0.05).The NDF effective degradation at the ratio of 5:5 was significantly higher than that in the other groups（P<0.05).The ADF degradation at the ratio of 3:7 was significantly higher than that of 4:6,5:5, 6:4 and 7:3（P<0.05).The results indicated that,the nutrient degradation in rumen were higher when the concentrate to forage（cassava stems and leaves）ratio in TMR were 3:7,4:6 and 5:5,and the recommended ratio range were 4:6 to 5:5 in production practice.     

3种消毒剂对H5N1和H9N2亚型禽流感病毒灭活作用

采用悬浮灭活试验，以鸡胚感染法，研究奇露、卫可、泛福露益选3种消毒剂在一系列浓度下，分别与H5N1和H5N2亚型禽流感病毒作用5，10min，对禽流感病毒的灭活作用。结果表明：1：200、1：280、1：400、1：800、1：1000浓度的卫可，1：320、1：600、1：800、1：1000浓度的泛福露益，1：200、1：400、1：600浓度的奇露对四亚型禽流感病毒可完全灭活31：200、1：280、1：400、1：800浓度的卫可，1：320、1：600、1：800浓度的泛福露益，1：200、1：400浓度的奇露对比亚型禽流感病毒可完全灭活。     

Glucose Homoeostasis and Regulation in Lactating Mink ( Mustela vison ): Effects of Dietary Protein,Fat and Carbohydrate Supply

The ability of lactating mink dams to control glucose homoeostasis, when fed diets containing different ratios of metabolizable energy (ME) from protein, fat and carbohydrates, was studied by measuring plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, glucagon, urea and free fatty acids (FFA), in the fasted and absorptive state 4 weeks postpartum, in two consecutive years. A total of 36 yearling female mink, fitted with jugular vein catheters and raising litters of six or seven kits, was fed ad libitum lactation diets with different amounts of ME derived from protein, fat and carbohydrates (year 1:61:37:2, 46:37:17 and 31:37:32; year 2:61:38:1, 47:52:1 and 33:66:1). After 3 h fasting the dams were fed 210 kJ ME of the experimental diets. Blood samples were drawn 10 and 5 min before feeding and 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min postprandially. The glucose concentration was increased 30 to 150 min postprandially in dams fed the carbohydrate-containing diets (46:37:17 and 31:37:32), whereas the glucose concentration showed no postprandial response in dams fed the carbohydrate-free diets (61:38:1, 47:52:1 and 33:66:1). Plasma insulin concentrations were increased 30 to 120 min postprandially in all dams, irrespective of dietary treatment. Plasma concentrations of glucagon were higher ( P <0.005) in dams fed the low-protein diets (31:37:32 and 33:66:1) than in dams fed the high-protein diets (61:37:2 and 61:38:1). Postprandially, the glucagon : insulin ratios decreased in dams fed the carbohydrate-containing diets, whereas the glucagon:insulin ratios tended to increase in dams fed the carbohydrate-free diets. Plasma concentrations of urea were significantly higher in dams fed the high-protein diets. Plasma concentrations of FFA, measured in the second experiment (year 2) only, showed increased concentrations postprandially, the responses being significant in dams fed the 33:66:1 and 61:38:1 diets. In conclusion, the mink is able to regulate the concentrations of blood constituents involved in maintaining glucose homoeostasis, and thereby to adapt to a wide range of dietary protein and carbohydrate supply.     

不同精粗比对木薯茎叶型全混合日粮山羊瘤胃降解率的影响

本试验研究了以木薯茎叶为粗料、不同精粗比全混合日粮（TMR）养分在山羊瘤胃中的降解率,旨在为木薯茎叶在羊生产中的应用提供试验依据。选用6只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的海南黑山羊作为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法评定6种不同精粗比（2∶8、3∶7、4∶6、5∶5、6∶4和7∶3）的TMR中干物质（DM）、粗蛋白质（CP）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）的瘤胃降解率。结果表明,精粗比为4∶6、5∶5、6∶4、7∶3时的DM有效降解率均显著高于精粗比为2∶8、3∶7时的DM有效降解率（P<0.05）;精粗比为2∶8、3∶7、4∶6的CP有效降解率显著高于精粗比例为5∶5、6∶4、7∶3的CP有效降解率（P<0.05）;精粗比为5∶5时的NDF有效降解率显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）;精粗比为3∶7时的ADF有效降解率显著高于精粗比为4∶6、5∶5、6∶4和7∶3时的ADF有效降解率（P<0.05）。本试验中,精饲料与木薯茎叶比例为3∶7、4∶6和5∶5的全混合日粮养分有较高的瘤胃有效降解率,实际生产中建议使用精粗比4∶6~5∶5范围的TMR。     

Modelling the optimal lysine to threonine ratio in growing chickens depending on age and efficiency of dietary amino acid utilisation

1. Experiments were conducted to establish the requirements and optimal dietary ratio of lysine to threonine for fast growing male chickens (genotype Ross 308) depending on age, daily protein deposition and of dietary amino acid efficiency. 2. A total of 216 growing chickens were utilised in nitrogen-balance studies in three age periods (10 to 25 d; 30 to 45 d; 50 to 65 d) using graded levels of protein supply (60 to 360 g/kg crude protein) in lysine or threonine limiting diets. 3. Supplementation of crystalline amino acids (L-Lys, L-Thr, DL-Met and L-Arg) provided the following amino acid ratios: lysine limiting diets (Lys:Met + Cys:Thr:Arg = 1 : 1.01 : 0.91 : 1.14), threonine limiting diets (Lys : Met + Cys : Thr : Arg = 1 : 0.85 : 0.54 : 1.16). 4. The principles of the diet dilution technique using an exponential function were applied for the modelling of lysine and threonine requirements. For equal daily protein deposition, optimal lysine to threonine ratios 1 : 0.69 (10 to 25 d), 1 : 0.70 (30 to 45 d) and 1 : 0.74 (50 to 65 d) were established. 5. For the commercial growth period of fast growing chickens, the derived optimal lysine to threonine ratio was constant (1 : 0.69). The applied modelling procedure gave conclusions for quantitative requirements and optimal dietary lysine:threonine ratios in line with actual recommendations.     

Response of body weight and clearance and secretion rates of growth hormone to photoperiod in Holstein heifers

Effects of photoperiod on growth, eating patterns and clearance rate, secretion rate and half-life of growth hormone in serum were assessed in Holstein heifers. Sixty-four prepubertal heifers (avg body wt 102 kg) were blocked by weight into four groups of 16. Within block, each animal was randomly assigned to one of four photoperiod treatments: 16 h of cool-white fluorescent light:8 h dark (CW-16L:8D), CW-8L:16D, CW-6L:8D:2L:8D or 16 h of VitaLite fluorescent light:8D (V-16L:8D). Animals were fed ad libitum a complete mixed diet formulated for heifers to gain approximately .9 kg/d. Average daily body weight gains were .93, .96, .98 and 1.0 kg/d during 112 d of exposure to CW-8L:16D, CW-6L:8D:2L:8D, CW-16L:8D and V-16L:8D, respectively. Heifers exposed to V16L:8D and CW-16L:8D gained more weight (112 and 110 kg; P less than .05 and P less than .08, respectively) than heifers exposed to CW-8L:16D (104 kg). Body weight gain was not different (P greater than .10) between heifers exposed to CW-6L:8D:2L:8D (108 kg) or CW-8L:16D, or between heifers exposed to CW-16L:8D or V-16L:8D. Total number of eating events in 30 h and percentage of total events in the lighted period were 549 and 96% and 523 and 50% in heifers exposed to CW-16L:8D and CW-8L:16D, respectively. Clearance rates (620 vs 636 ml/min), secretion rates (3.0 vs 3.8 micrograms/min) and half lives (17.2 vs 17.9 min) of growth hormone in serum were similar in heifers exposed to CW-16L:8D and CW-8L:16D.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Relationship of the iridocorneal angle, as measured using ultrasound biomicroscopy, with post-operative increases in intraocular pressure post-phacoemulsification in dogs

Objective  To investigate the relationship of the iridocorneal angle as it appears on ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) to increases in IOP post-phacoemulsification in the canine eye.
Animals studied  47 eyes of 28 dogs of various age, sex, and breed.
Methods  The ciliary process and limbus were used as a reference points to measure the angle opening distance (AOD), which was set by multiplying 0.45 by the distance between the ciliary process and limbus (when measured from the ciliary process). Pressure measurements were taken at five set points: Before, immediately post-, one day post-, 1 week post-, and 1 month post-phacoemulsification.
Results  A weak relationship between the AOD and the IOP one day post-phacoemulsification (Intercept: 2.83, Slope: –1.24, P -value: 0.0155) was observed. No relationship immediately post-operative (Intercept: 3.45, Slope: –1.34, P -value: 0.0651), 1 week post-phacoemulsification (Intercept: 2.31, Slope: –0.01, P -value: 0.9829), 1 month post-phacoemulsification (Intercept: 1.85, Slope: –0.49, P -value: 0.1533) was observed. The pre-operative measurements made with UBM were: Distance from limbus to ciliary process (DLCP): (Minimum: 1.152, Maximum: 2.992, Mean: 1.91, SD: 0.468); AOD (Minimum: 0.104, Maximum: 0.764, Mean: 0.40, SD: 0.172).
Conclusions  The relationship between AOD as measured by UBM pre-operatively is weakly associated with IOP pressure elevations at day one post-phacoemulsification. Further study is required prospectively to establish the importance of this relationship. Initial measurements of the canine iridocorneal angle were created, suggesting a method to be used in the future to establish true canine normal measurements.     

Changes in lipids and free fatty acid fractions in adult Haemonchus contortus during incubation in vitro

Adult Haemonchus contortus (Rud., 1803) has been investigated for its ability to utilize lipids with regard to the total lipids, sterols, free fatty acids, acylglycerols and phospholipids produced during incubation in vitro. All these components exhibit extensive fluctuations, decreasing at some times and increasing at others, thus indicating both biosynthesis and utilization. Also, changes in fatty acid components of total lipids have been analyzed by gas liquid chromatography. These observations indicate that H. contortus is capable of utilizing 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, 20:0, 20:un1, 20:un2, 21:0, 21:un1, 21:1, 21:un2, 22:un1, 22:3, 22:?, 22:un2 and 24:3 fatty acids. At the same time, because of large increases in 15:0, 16:0, 18:0, 18:?, 18:1, 18:2, 20:0, 20:un1, 20:un2, 21:0, 21:un1, 21:1 and 21:un2 acids, it is postulated that these acids are synthesized by adult H. contortus.     

玉米芯与苜蓿、精料配比对饲粮组合效应的影响

为了探讨玉米芯与苜蓿、精料间不同配比对饲粮组合效应(associative effects, AE)的影响。采用体外产气法测定在精粗比40∶60和30∶70时,精料∶玉米芯∶苜蓿分别为40∶60∶0、40∶45∶15、40∶30∶30、40∶15∶45、40∶0∶60和30∶70∶0、30∶55∶15、30∶40∶30、30∶25∶45、30∶10∶60、30∶0∶70时各饲料组合及各种单独原料分别培养2,4,6,9,12,24,36,48 h的产气量(gas production, GP),培养结束后的上清液及残渣用以测定pH、挥发性脂肪酸(volatile fatty acids,VFA)、氨态氮(NH_3-N)、干物质降解率(dry matter digestibility, DMD)和有机物降解率(organic matter digestibility, OMD),并通过各组合的加权估算值计算出各指标的单项组合效应指数(single factor AE indexes, SFAEI)和综合组合效应指数(multiple-factors AE index, MFAEI)。结果表明:当精粗比为40∶60和30∶70时,玉米芯比例为30、15和10、25、40、55的组在GP、DMD、OMD、NH_3-N、TVFA上显著高于其他组,且有较高的SFAEI (P<0.05,P<0.01),30和10组的MFAEI极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01)。结论:当精料∶玉米芯∶苜蓿为40∶30∶30、30∶10∶60时,饲粮的综合组合效应值最大。     

Effect of reproductive disorders and parity on repeat breeder status and culling of dairy cows in Quebec

This study quantified the effect of peripartum reproductive disorders and parity on repeat breeder status and involuntary culling of dairy cows. Reproductive data of 418 383 lactations were taken from a computerized databank of health records for dairy cows. A logistic regression model was used with dystocia, retained placenta (RP), metritis complex, and parity as fixed effect risk factors and herd entered as the random effect. Of the peripartum problems studied, dystocia had the greatest effect on future fertility. Dystocia increased the odds of a cow being a repeat breeder by 44% [odds ratio (OR): 1.44; confidence interval (CI): 1.37 to 1.51]. Compared to first-parity cows, cows in second, third, and fourth parities had significantly higher odds of being a repeat breeder: 18% (OR: 1.18; CI: 1.16 to 1.20); 24% (OR: 1.24; CI: 1.21 to 1.26); and 42% (OR: 1.42; CI: 1.39 to 1.45), respectively. The odds for second-, third-, or fourth-parity repeat breeders being culled were 24% (OR: 1.24; CI: 1.20 to 1.28); 39% (OR: 1.39; CI: 1.35 to 1.43); and 67% (OR: 1.67; CI: 1.62 to 1.71) respectively, while peripartum reproductive problems had less of an effect.     

Daily rhythm of cortisol, and evidence for a photo-inducible phase for prolactin secretion in nonpregnant mares housed under non-interrupted and skeleton photoperiods

Studies were conducted in anestrous mares to characterize daily rhythms of cortisol in non-interrupted [ambient and 16 h light (L): 8 h dark (D)] and skeleton (10L:4D:2L:8D, 10L:6D:2L:6D and 10L:8D:2L:4D) photoperiods, and to determine if there exists a photosensitive phase for the secretion of prolactin. Neither peak or nadir concentrations of cortisol, nor the time of peak or nadir concentrations differed among photoperiod treatments. Highest concentrations (66 +/- 4.4 ng/ml, mean +/- SE) occurred between 0700 and 0900, whereas lowest concentrations (31 +/- 3.6 ng/ml) were found from 1900 to 2300. Mean daily concentrations of serum prolactin were significantly higher in mares housed under the 16L:8D and the 10L:8D:2L:4D photoperiods as compared with the remaining photoperiod treatments, and were lowest in the ambient photoperiod treatment. The mean daily concentration of prolactin in February among photoperiod treatments was inversely related to the number of days (from December 1) to first seasonal ovulation (r = -.92, P = .027). The results were interpreted to: 1) suggest that mares in the 10L:8D:2L:4D skeleton photoperiod do not phase-shift to interpret the 2-h light pulse as the beginning of their subjective day; and 2) provide further evidence that the photo-inducible phase for both prolactin secretion and the stimulation of seasonal reproductive activity occurs 8 to 10 h following the onset of the dark period (scotophase).     

Quantitative Glucose Metabolism in Lactating Mink ( Mustela vison ) - Effects of Dietary Levels of Protein,Fat and Carbohydrates

Glucose metabolism was measured during two consecutive years, 4 weeks postpartum, in a total of 36 yearling female mink, fitted with jugular vein catheters and raising litters of six to seven kits. The dams were fed ad libitum from parturition on diets with different ratios of metabolizable energy (ME) derived from protein:fat:carbohydrates (experiment 1: 61:37:2, 46:37:17, 31:37:32; experiment 2: 61:38:1, 47:52:1, 33:66:1). After 3 h fasting the dams were fed 210 kJ ME of the experimental diets. Two hours postprandially a single dose of 50 w Ci U- 14 C- and 2- 3 H-labelled glucose was administered to each dam and blood samples were drawn 5, 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60 min after the tracer administration. Glucose turnover rates were 4-5% min -1 in all dams, and the approximate daily glucose flux was 12-17 g day -1 ; however, these were not significantly affected by dietary treatment. In conclusion, the mink is able both to synthesize large amounts of glucose de novo and to utilize high levels of dietary digestible carbohydrates, and thereby to tolerate large variations in dietary carbohydrate supply.     

Intermittent lighting and feeding schedules for broilers incorporating long periods of darkness

1. Intermittent lighting and feeding schedules incorporating long periods of darkness and periods without access to food were applied to growing broilers.

2. Birds exposed to a 2 h light(L): 10 h dark(D) lighting schedule with feeding restricted to the light periods ate significantly less food and grew more slowly than conventionally‐reared birds. Satisfactory growth and efficiency of food utilisation were obtained by allowing these birds access to food during the dark periods.

3. Altering the lighting schedule to 2L:6D resulted in birds with food intakes and growth rates similar to those reared conventionally, even when feeding was restricted to the light periods.

4. Releasing birds from the light and food restriction for the 2 weeks preceding slaughter resulted in greater food consumption which was not characterised by significantly better growth or food utilisation.

5. Feeding a diet of high energy or pelleting a diet of low energy during the period of restriction increased food intake and improved growth rate.

6. The response of broilers to intermittent lighting and feeding was not significantly influenced by ambient temperature within the range 16 to 35 °C or by the energy concentration of the diet fed before the introduction of the intermittent schedule.     

Isolation and characterization of nine bacteriophages that lyse O149 enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

The goal of this study was to isolate and characterize phages that might be used in prevention and treatment of porcine post-weaning diarrhea due to O149 enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). Serotype O149:H10:F4 was especially targeted because this is the dominant ETEC serotype. Mixtures of 10 strains of O149:H10:F4 ETEC and of 10 O149:H43:F4 ETEC were used as hosts for isolation of phages in sewage from 38 Ontario pig farms. Six phages (GJ1-GJ6) that lysed O149:H10:F4 ETEC and three (GJ7-GJ9) that lysed O149:H43:F4 ETEC were isolated. All phages produced large, clear plaques. All nine phages had necks and contractile tails and therefore belonged to the Myoviridae. Their estimated genome sizes were 48.3-50.7kb and their restriction enzyme fragments suggested that they were closely related. Phages GJ1-GJ6 lysed 99-100% of 85 O149:H10:F4 ETEC, 0-12% of 42 O149:H43:F4 ETEC, 3-35% of 37 non-O149 porcine ETEC, and 6-68% of the 72 strains of the ECOR collection. Phages GJ7-GJ9 lysed 86-98% of the O149:H43:F4 ETEC, 2-53% of the O149:H10:F4 ETEC, and 24-41% of the non-O149 porcine ETEC. Titres of the nine phages were unaffected by exposure for 16h to pH 5-9. Among phages GJ1-GJ6, resistance of O149:H10:F4 ETEC to one phage was generally not accompanied by resistance to other phages. It is concluded that the nine phages are suitable candidates for prophylaxis and therapy of porcine post-weaning diarrhea due to O149 ETEC.     

Immortalized sheep microglial cells are permissive to a diverse range of ruminant viruses

Background: Ruminants, including sheep and goats (small ruminants), are key agricultural animals in many parts of the world. Infectious diseases, including many viral diseases, are significant problems to efficient production of ruminants. Unfortunately, reagents tailored to viruses of ruminants, and especially small ruminants, are lacking compared to other animals more typically used for biomedical research.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the permissibility of a stably immortalized, sheep microglial cell line to viruses that are reported to infect ruminants: bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV).

Methods: Sublines A and H of previously isolated, immortalized, and characterized (CD14-positive) ovine microglial cells were used. Bovine turbinate cells and goat synovial membrane cells were used for comparison. Cytopathic changes were used to confirm infection of individual wells, which were then counted and used to calculate the 50% tissue culture infectious dose. Uninoculated cells served as negative controls and confirmed that the cells were not previously infected with these viruses using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results: Inoculation of the two microglial cell sublines with laboratory and field isolates of BVDV, BoHV-1, and BRSV resulted in viral infection in a manner similar to bovine turbinate cells. Immortalized microglia cells are also permissive to SRLV, similar to goat synovial membrane cells.

Conclusion and clinical relevance: These immortalized sheep microglial cells provide a new tool for the study of ruminant viruses in ruminant microglial cell line.     

Antibody response in mice, rabbits and pigs in response to vaccination with an inactivated oil vaccine containing rotavirus and Escherichia coli strains with K88, K99 and 987P fimbrial antigens]

In trials with mice, rabbits and weanling piglets, four experimental charges of a combined inactivated oil vaccine against diarrhoeas in mammals were tested: the vaccine was to be implanted to sows and it contained porcine rotavirus (PRV); two charges also contained bovine rotavirus and bacterins of enterotoxicogenic strains of E. coli with protective antigens K88, K99 and 987P. At low starting antibody titres the twofold i.m. implantation of 0.2 ml vaccine stimulated in mice the production of antibodies to reach the average titre value of 1:128 against PRV and of 1:256 against BRV; in rabbits the twofold i.m. implantation of 2 ml vaccine stimulated the antibody development to reach the average titres of 1:508 or 1:500, and in weanlings after the twofold i. m. implantation of the vaccine the titres were 1:1028 or 1:469; in mice agglutination antibodies to antigen K88 had the average value of 1:68, to antigen K99 the value of 1:44 and to antigen 987P the value of 1:8192; in rabbits the respective titres were 1:285, 1:136 and 1:6006 and in pigs 1:570, 1:631 and 1:8192. The antibodies to antigen 987P persisted at the same level in pigs for six months. Even though there was a gradual decrease in the antibodies to antigens K88 and K99, at that time the values were 9.8 times, or 15.2 times higher than the starting values, and only the antibodies to PRV dropped to the pre-vaccination level. Repeated administration of vaccine to pigs after six months from revaccination induced, with the exception of antigen 987P, an increase in antibodies in a fortnight to reach such titres that were recorded after revaccination.     

不同亚油酸水平培养基对溶纤维丁酸弧菌脂肪酸合成的影响

为探究亚油酸对反刍动物瘤胃中溶纤维丁酸弧菌脂肪酸合成的影响，试验用不同水平亚油酸培养基进行溶纤维丁酸弧菌体外厌氧培养试验，分光光度计测定菌液D_{600 nm}值达到1.0时，在培养基中添加亚油酸，使试验1组（对照）、2、3及4组培养基亚油的浓度分别为0、2.5、5.0及7.5 mg/100 mL，培养24 h后收集菌液检测35种脂肪酸含量。结果显示，细菌代谢相关的C8：0、C11：0、C14：0、C15：0、C17：0、C17：1、C18：1（n-9） C、C18：2（n-6） C、C18：3（n-6）、C20：0、C20：2、C20：3（n-3）、C20：3（n-6）、C20：5（n-3）、C21：0、C22：0、C22：2、C22：1（n-9）及C22：6（n-3）脂肪酸随着培养基中亚油酸浓度的提高无显著变化（P>0.05）；培养基中添加亚油酸使C10：0、C12：0、C16：0、C18：0、C20：4（n-6）、C23：0、C24：1合成量显著减少（P<0.05）；而C15：1及C18：3（n-3）合成量在2.5 mg/100 mL亚油酸组显著增加（P<0.05）；C14：1在对照组中合成量最高，在添加亚油酸的试验组中，随着亚油酸含量增加而增加；C24：0在7.5 mg/100 mL亚油酸组合成量最高。综上所述，亚油酸对于溶纤维丁酸弧菌合成脂肪酸有一定影响作用，可抑制C10：0、C12：0、C16：0、C18：0、C23：0、C14：1、C20：4（n-6）等脂肪酸的合成，C15：1、C16：1、C18：3（n-3）含量增加，但超过一定量时合成量会减少。     

Book Reviews

An Atlas of Surgical Approaches to the Bones of the Dog and Cat:
Intervertebral Disc Protrusions in the Dog:
Recent Studies on the Hypothalamus:
International Zoo Yearbook:
Canine and Feline Ocular Fundus:
Anatomy of the Dog:
Proceedings of the American Society of Veterinary Ophthalmology:
Proceedings of the Thirty-third Annual Meeting of the A.A.H.A.:
Animals as a Career:
About Dogs:     

Effect of lighting treatment on the productivity,health, behaviour and sexual maturity of heavy male Turkeys

1. Turkey poults (1620) were used to compare the effects of three lighting programmes on heavy strain males reared to 188 d: constant light (24L:0D, CON); increasing light (6L:18D at 7 d gradually increasing to 20L:4D by 63 d, INC); a pattern identical to INC followed by a decrease in daylength from 84 d to 10L:14D at 112 d (DID).

2. Lighting affected growth pattern but had no effect on body weight at 118 d or overall food to gain ratio.

3. Both INC and DID lighting reduced overall mortality in comparison to CON light primarily because of a reduction in the incidence of skeletal disease and spontaneous cardiomyopathy. INC and DID lighting increased the incidence of cannibalism.

4. Turkeys given INC or DID lighting had a superior ability to walk in comparison to those birds given CON light.

5. INC and DID males stood, ate and drank more frequently, and sat less often than CON turkeys during behavioural observation.

6. There were no lighting effects on carcase composition except that INC and DID birds had heavier keel bones. The ultimate force per cm² (stress) required to break femora was greater for turkeys given INC and DID lighting (P = 0.065).

7. Plasma testosterone concentrations at 117 d were 272.5, 115.2 and 29.5 pg/ml for turkeys given CON, INC and DID lighting, respectively (P= 0.072). Testosterone concentration was not related to growth rate.